κοπιάω
kopiáō · G2872 · Greek · 23 occurrences
Meanings
-
hard work, toil, to work hard, to toil, to labor
To engage in hard work, implying difficulties and trouble
ExamplesMatthew 6:28 “And why are you worried about clothing? Notice how the lilies of the field grow; they do not labor nor do they spin thread for cloth,
Luke 5:5 Simon responded and said, “Master, we worked hard all night and caught nothing, but I will do as You say and let down the nets.”
John 4:38 “I sent you to reap that for which you have not labored; others have labored, and you have come into their labor.”
-
to be tired, to be weary
To be tired or weary, as the result of hard or difficult endeavor
ExamplesMatthew 11:28 “Come to Me, all who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.
John 4:6 and Jacob’s well was there. So Jesus, tired from His journey, was just sitting by the well. It was about the sixth hour.
-
to give up, to lose heart
(A figurative extension of meaning of κοπιάω ‘to be tired,’) To become emotionally fatigued and discouraged
ExamplesRevelation 2:3 and you have perseverance and have endured on account of My name, and have not become weary.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
23 occurrences in 9 groups
- Not stated (participle) 9
- Not stated: I 4
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- πολύςmany 2
- ἐλπίζωto hope 1
- ὅςwho, which, that 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
11 occurrences in 10 groups
- Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (12) 12
With adverbsAdverbs
8 occurrences in 5 groups
- οὐnot 4
- εἰκῆin vain, without cause 1
- καίand 1
- μᾶλλονmore, more than, to a greater degree 1
- οὕτωso, thus, in this way 1
Named alongside itApposition
3 occurrences in 4 groups
- ΜαρίαMary 1
- Περσίςa Persian woman 1
- Τρύφαιναluxurious 1
- Τρυφῶσαluxuriating 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- μεταλαμβάνωto receive a share in 1
What is done to itIt is the object
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- εἴδωto know 1
- θερίζωto reap 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- יָגַע yâgaʻ · H3021 · to grow weary, to wear oneself out, to labor
- Hebrew יָגַע denotes physical fatigue and weariness from labor, directly corresponding to Greek κοπιάω's core sense of feeling fatigue and working hard; both terms share the semantic range of exhaustion resulting from toil.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- To be tired, to be weary23.78
- κοπιάω describes becoming physically tired or weary. John 4:6 recounts that “Jesus, tired from His journey, was just sitting by the well,” the κεκοπιακὼς naming this weariness from His travel.
- To give up, to lose heart25.289
- The same verb can figuratively describe giving up or losing heart under strain. Revelation 2:3 commends the church at Ephesus, “you have perseverance and have endured on account of My name, and have not become weary,” the κεκοπίακες naming this not-giving-up they had maintained.
- Hard work, toil, to work hard, to toil, to labor42.47
- κοπιάω most commonly describes hard labor or toil. Colossians 1:29 has Paul saying, “For this purpose I also labor, striving according to His power which works mightily within me,” the κοπιῶ naming this strenuous labor in his apostolic calling.
Word family 27 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon κοπιῶ (3 person plural κοπιουσιν (for κοπιῶσιν), Mt 6:28 Tr; cf. ἐρωτάω, at the…
1. as in Aristophanes, Josephus, Plutarch, others, to grow weary, tired, exhausted, (with toil or burdens or grief): Mt 11:28; Rev 2:3; κεκοπιακώς ἐκ τῆς ὁδοιπορίας, Jn 4:6 (ὑπό τῆς ὁδοιπορίας,Josephus, Antiquities 2, 15, 3; δραμοῦνται καί οὐ κοπιασουσι, Isa 40:31).
2. in Biblical Greek alone, to labor with wearisome effort, to toil (the Sept. for יָגַע ); of bodily labor: absolutely, Mt 6:28; Lk 5:5; Lk 12:27 (not Tdf.); Jn 4:38; Acts 20:35; 1 Cor 4:12; Eph 4:28; 2 Tim 2:6 (cf. Winers Grammar, 556 (517); Buttmann, 390 (334)); τί, upon a thing, Jn 4:38. of the toilsome efforts of teachers in proclaiming and promoting the kingdom of God and Christ: 1 Cor 15:10; 1 Cor 16:16 (cf. Jn 4:38); followed by ἐν with the dative of the thing in which one labors, ἐν λόγῳ καί διδασκαλία, 1 Tim 5:17; ἐν ὑμῖν,among you, 1 Thess 5:12; ἐν κυρίῳ (see ἐν, I. 6 b., p. 211b middle (L brackets the clause)), Rom 16:12; εἰς τινα, for one, for his benefit, Rom 16:6; Gal 4:11 (cf. Buttmann, 242 (200); Winer's Grammar, 503 (469)); εἰς τοῦτο, looking to this (viz. that piety has the promise of life), 1 Tim 4:10; εἰς ὁ, to which end, Col 1:29; εἰς κενόν, in vain, Phm 2:16 (κενῶς ἐκοπίασα, of the frustrated labor of the prophets, Isa 49:4).
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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