Word

προσκόπτω

proskóptō · G4350 · Greek · 8 occurrences

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Meanings

to strike against

To strike against something, with the implication of resistance or damage

Examples
Matthew 4:6 and he said to Him, “If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down; for it is written: ‘HE WILL GIVE HIS ANGELS ORDERS CONCERNING YOU’; and ‘ON THEIR HANDS THEY WILL LIFT YOU UP, SO THAT YOU DO NOT STRIKE YOUR FOOT AGAINST A STONE.’”
Matthew 7:27 “And the rain fell and the floods came, and the winds blew and slammed against that house; and it fell—and its collapse was great.”
Luke 4:11 and, ‘ON THEIR HANDS THEY WILL LIFT YOU UP, SO THAT YOU DO NOT STRIKE YOUR FOOT AGAINST A STONE.’”
to stumble

To strike one’s foot against something as one walks and in this way to lose one’s balance temporarily

Examples
John 11:9 Jesus replied, “Are there not twelve hours in the day? If anyone walks during the day, he does not stumble, because he sees the light of this world.
John 11:10 “But if anyone walks during the night, he stumbles, because the light is not in him.”
Romans 9:32 Why? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as though they could by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone,
to take offense, to be offended

To take offense, with the implication of a feeling of repugnance or rejection

Examples
Romans 9:32 Why? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as though they could by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone,
Romans 14:21 It is good not to eat meat or to drink wine, or to do anything by which your brother or sister stumbles.
1 Peter 2:8 and, “A STONE OF STUMBLING AND A ROCK OF OFFENSE”; for they stumble because they are disobedient to the word, and to this they were also appointed.

How it’s used In 5 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

8 occurrences in 5 groups

Not stated: you (one person) 2
Not stated: they 2
Not stated: he, she or it 2
ὅςwho, which, that 1
ἀδελφόςbrother 1

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

4 occurrences in 3 groups

πούςfoot 2
γράφωto write 1
οἰκίαhouse, home, dwelling 1

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

3 occurrences in 2 groups

πρόςto, toward, with+ λίθοςstone 2
ἐνin+ ὅςwho, which, that 1

With adverbsAdverbs

1 occurrences in 1 groups

οὐnot 1

What it is said to bePredicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

καλόςgood 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Semantic domains 3 entries

To stumble15.228: The verb describes tripping while walking, especially due to darkness. John's teaching on walking in the light uses this term: “But if anyone walks during the night, he stumbles, because the light is not in him” (John 11:10).
To strike against19.5: The same verb, in the tempter's citation of the psalm, describes physical impact between foot and object. Matthew's account of the temptation of Jesus uses this term: “and he said to Him, 'If You are the Son of God, throw Yourself down; for it is written: “HE WILL GIVE HIS ANGELS ORDERS CONCERNING YOU”; and “ON THEIR HANDS THEY WILL LIFT YOU UP, SO THAT YOU DO NOT STRIKE YOUR FOOT AGAINST A STONE”'” (Matthew 4:6).
To take offense, to be offended25.182: The same verb, used figuratively of moral or spiritual harm, describes being led into wrongdoing by another's conduct. Paul's teaching on food and the weaker brother uses this term: “It is good not to eat meat or to drink wine, or to do anything by which your brother or sister stumbles” (Romans 14:21).

Word family 27 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

κόπτω kóptō · G2875 · to cut, to mourn, to lament · 8×περιτομή peritomḗ · G4061 · to circumcise, circumcision · 36×κοπιάω kopiáō · G2872 · hard work, toil, to work hard · 22×κόπος kópos · G2873 · hard work, toil, labor · 18×περιτέμνω peritémnō · G4059 · to circumcise, circumcision · 17×κωφός kōphós · G2974 · dumb, mute, unable to speak · 14×ἐκκόπτω ekkóptō · G1581 · to cut down, to cut off, to cut in two · 10×προσκόπτωproskóptō · G4350εὐκοπώτερος eukopṓteros · G2123 · easy, without trouble · 7×ἀποκόπτω apokóptō · G609 · to cut down, to cut off, to cut in two · 6×προκόπτω prokóptō · G4298 · to advance, to progress, to change for the better · 6×πρόσκομμα próskomma · G4348 · stumbling stone, something to cause offense, what causes someone to be offended · 6×ἐγκόπτω enkóptō · G1465 · to prevent, to hinder, to stop someone from · 5×ἀπρόσκοπος apróskopos · G677 · blameless, without blame, without causing offense · 3×κοπάζω kopázō · G2869 · to cease, to stop · 3×προκοπή prokopḗ · G4297 · to advance, to progress, to change for the better · 3×συντόμως syntómōs · G4935 · briefly, in a short time · 2×ἀπερίτμητος aperítmētos · G564 · stubborn, completely unyielding · 1×ἄτομος átomos · G823 · moment, flash, instant · 1×ἐγκοπή enkopḗ · G1464 · obstacle, hindrance · 1×κατακόπτω katakóptō · G2629 · to cut · 1×κοπετός kopetós · G2870 · mourning, lamentation · 1×κοπή kopḗ · G2871 · to kill, to slaughter, to defeat · 1×προσκοπή proskopḗ · G4349 · obstacle, trouble, difficulty · 1×συντέμνω syntémnō · G4932 · to cut short, to shorten, to bring to an end · 1×τομώτερος tomṓteros · G5114 · cutting, sharp · 1×ἀνακόπτω anakóptō · G348 · to beat back, i.e. check · 0×

Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon 1 aorist προσεκοψα; to strike against (cf. πρός, IV. 4): absolutely of those who strike…

1 aorist προσεκοψα; to strike against (cf. πρός, IV. 4): absolutely of those who strike against a stone or other obstacle in the path, to stumble, Jn 11:9, Jn 11:10; πρός λίθον τόν πόδα, to strike the foot against a stone, i. e. (dropping the figure) to meet with some harm, Mt 4:6; Lk 4:11 (from Ps 90:12); to rush upon, beat against, οἱ ἄνεμοι τῇ οἰκία, Mt 7:27 (L marginal reading προσερρηξαν, see προσρήγνυμι). ἐν τίνι, to be made to stumble by a thing, i. e. metaphorically, to be induced to sin, Rom 14:21 (cf. Winers Grammar, 583 (542); Buttmann, § 151, 23 d.). Since we are angry with an obstacle in our path which we have struck and hurt our foot against, one is tropically said προσκόπτειν, to stumble at, a person or thing which highly displeases him; thus the Jews are said προσκόψαι τῷ λίθῳ τοῦ προσκόμματος, i. e. to have recoiled from Jesus as one who failed to meet their ideas of the Messiah (see πρόσκομμα), Rom 9:32; the enemies of Christianity are said προσκόμματος... τῷ λόγῳ, 1 Pet 2:8 (some (cf. R. V. marginal reading) take προσκόμματος here absolutely, and make τῷ λόγῳ depend on ἀπειθοῦντες, which see in a.). (Examples of this and other figurative uses of the word by Polybius, Diodorus, M. Antoninus are cited by Passow (Liddell and Scott), under the word and Fritzsche, Ep. ad Romans, ii., p. 362f.)

Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain

Topical studies with this word 3 entries

Walk, Step4 occurrences Hit, Strike3 occurrences Offend, Be Offended3 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0