ἔχω

future ἕξω; imperfect εἶχον (1 person plural ἐιχαμεν, 2 Jn 1:5 T Tr WH), 3 person plural ἐιχαν (Mk 8:7 L T Tr WH; Rev 9:8 L T Tr WH; but cf. (Sophocles Lexicon, Introduction, p. 38; Tdf. Proleg., p. 123; WHs Appendix, p. 165); Buttmann, 40 (35)) and εἴχοσαν (L T Tr WH in Jn 15:22, Jn 15:24; but cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) in Theol. Studien und Kritiken 1858, pp. 485ff 491; see his N. T. Gr., p. 43 (37); (Sophocles Lexicon, Introduction, p. 39; Tdf. Proleg., p. 124; WHs Appendix, p. 165; cf. δολιόω)); present middle participle ἐχόμενος; to have — with 2 aorist active ἔσχον; perfect ἔσχηκα;
I. Transitively.
1. to have equivalent to to hold;
a. to have (hold) in the hand: τί ἐν τῇ χειρί, Rev 1:16; Rev 6:5; Rev 10:2; Rev 17:4; and simply, Rev 5:8; Rev 8:3, Rev 8:6; Rev 14:6, etc.; Heb 8:3.
b. in the sense of wearing (Latingestare); of garments, arms and the like: τό ἔνδυμα, Mt 3:4; Mt 22:12; κατά κεφαλῆς ἔχων, namely, τί, having a covering hanging down from the head, i. e. having the head covered (Buttmann, § 130, 5; Winer's Grammar, § 47, k. cf. 594 (552)), 1 Cor 11:4; θώρακας, Rev 9:17; μάχαιραν, Jn 18:10; add Mt 26:7; Mk 14:3; of a tree having (bearing) leaves, Mk 11:13; ἐν γαστρί ἔχειν, namely, ἔμβρυον, to be pregnant (cf. Winers Grammar, 594 (552); Buttmann, 144 (126)) (see γαστήρ, 2). Metaphorically, ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν τό ἀπόκριμα, 2 Cor 1:9; τήν μαρτυρίαν, 1 Jn 5:10; ἐν καρδία ἔχειν τινα, to have (carry) one in one's heart, to love one constantly, Phm 1:7.
c. tropically, to have (hold) possession of the mind; said of alarm, agitating emotions, etc.: ἐίχειν αὐτάς τρόμος καί ἔκστασις, Mk 16:8 (Job 21:6; Isa 13:8, and often in secular authors; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1294f; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. 8)).
d. to hold fast, keep: ἡ μνᾶ σου, ἥν εἶχον ἀποκειμένην ἐν σουδαρίῳ, Lk 19:20; tropically, τόν Θεόν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, Rom 1:28; to keep in mind, τάς ἐντολάς, Jn 14:21 (see ἐντολή, under the end); τήν μαρτυρίαν, Rev 6:9; Rev 12:17; Rev 19:10; τό μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως ἐν καθαρά συνειδήσει, 1 Tim 3:9; ὑποτύπωσιν ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, 2 Tim 1:13.
e. to have (in itself or as a consequence), comprise, involve: ἔργον, Jas 1:4; Jas 2:17; κόλασιν, 1 Jn 4:18; μισθαποδοσίαν, Heb 10:35 (Wis. 8:16). See examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1296f; (Liddell and Scott, see A. I. 8 and 10).
f. by a Latinism equivalent toaestimo, to regard, consider, hold as (but this sense is still denied by Meyer, on Luke as below; Mt 14:5): τινα with the accusative of the predicate, ἔχε με παρῃτημένον, have me excused, Lk 14:18; τινα ὡς προφήτην, Mt 14:5; Mt 21:26 (ἔχειν Ἰαννην καί Ἰαμβρην ὡς Θεούς, Ev. Nicod. 5); τινα ἔντιμον (see ἔντιμος), Phm 2:29; τήν ψυχήν μου (G omits μου) τιμίαν ἐμαυτῷ, Acts 20:24 R G; τινα εἰς προφήτην (a Hebraism (see εἰς, B. II. 3 c. Ψ. at the end)), for a prophet, Mt 21:46 L T Tr WH, cf. Buttmann, § 131, 7; τινα, ὅτι ὄντως (T Tr WH ὄντως, ὅτι etc.) προφήτης ἦν, Mk 11:32, cf. Buttmann, § 151, 1 a.; (Winer's Grammar, § 66, 5 a.).
2. to have equivalent to to own, possess;
a. external things such as pertain to property, riches, furniture, utensils, goods, food, etc.: as τόν βίον, Lk 21:4; 1 Jn 3:17; κτήματα, Mt 19:22; Mk 10:22; θησαυρόν, Mt 19:21; Mk 10:21; ἀγαθά, Lk 12:19; πρόβατα Lk 15:4; Jn 10:16; δραχμάς, Lk 15:8; πλοῖα, Rev 18:19; κληρονομίαν, Eph 5:5; (cf. Mt 21:38 LT Tr WH, where R G κατάσχωμεν); μέρος followed by ἐν with the dative of the thing, Rev 20:6; θυσιαστήριον, Heb 13:10; ὅσα ἔχεις, Mk 10:21; Mk 12:44; Mt 13:44, Mt 13:46; Mt 18:25; μηδέν, 2 Cor 6:10; τί δέ ἔχεις, ὁ etc. 1 Cor 4:7; with a predicate accusative added, εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά, Acts 2:44; absolutely ἔχειν, to have property, to be rich: οὐκ and μή ἔχειν (A. V. to have not), to be destitute, be poor, Mt 13:12; Mt 25:29; Mk 4:25; Lk 8:18; Lk 19:26; 1 Cor 11:22; 2 Cor 8:12 (Neh 8:10; Neh 8:1 Esdr. 9:51, 54; Sir. 13:5; examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1295b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. l; cf. Winer's Grammar, 594 (552))); ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν, in proportion to your means (see ἐκ, II. 13 at the end), 2 Cor 8:11.
b. Under the head of possession belongs the phrase ἔχειν τινα as commonly used of those joined to anyone by the bonds of nature, blood, marriage, friendship, duty, law, compact, and the like: πατέρα, Jn 8:41; ἀδελφούς, Lk 16:28; ἄνδρα (a husband), Jn 4:17; Gal 4:27; γυναῖκα, 1 Cor 7:2, 1 Cor 7:12f, 29; τέκνα, Mt 21:28; Mt 22:24; 1 Tim 3:4; Tit 1:6; υἱούς, Gal 4:22; σπέρμα, offspring, Mt 22:25; χήρας, 1 Tim 5:16; ἀσθενοῦντας, Lk 4:40; φίλον, Lk 11:5; παιδαγωγούς, 1 Cor 4:15; ἔχειν κύριον, to have (be subject to) a master, Col 4:1; δεσπότην, 1 Tim 6:2; βασιλέα, Jn 19:15; with ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν added, Rev 9:11; ἔχει τόν κρίνοντα αὐτόν, Jn 12:48; ἔχειν οἰκονόμον, Lk 16:1; δοῦλον, Lk 17:7; ἀρχιερέα, Heb 4:14; Heb 8:1; ποιμένα, Mt 9:36; ἔχων ὑπ' ἐμαυτόν στρατιώτας, Lk 12:8; ἔχειν τόν υἱόν καί τόν πατέρα, to be in living union with the Son (Christ) and the Father by faith, knowledge, profession, 1 Jn 2:23; (1 Jn 5:12); 2 Jn 1:9. With two accusatives, one of which serves as a predicate: πατέρα τόν Ἀβραάμ, Abraham for our father, Mt 3:9; add, Acts 13:5; Phm 3:17; Heb 12:9; ἔχειν τινα γυναῖκα, to have (use) a woman (unlawfully) as a wife, Mt 14:4; Mk 6:18; 1 Cor 5:1 (where see Meyer) (of lawful marriage, Xenophon, Cyril 1, 5, 4).
c. of attendance or companionship: ἔχειν τινα μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ, Mt 15:30; Mt 26:11; Mk 2:19; Mk 14:7; Jn 12:8.
d. ἔχειν τί to have a thing in readiness, have at hand, have in store: οὐκ ἔχομεν εἰ μή πέντε ἄρτους, Mt 14:17; add, Mt 15:34; Jn 2:3 (not Tdf.); Jn 4:11; ; 1 Cor 11:22; 1 Cor 14:26; οὐκ ἔχω, ὁ παραθήσω αὐτῷ, Lk 11:6; ποῦ συνάξω τούς καρπούς μου, Lk 12:17; τί (cf. Buttmann, § 139, 58) φάγωσι, Mk 8:1f; ἔχειν τινα, to have one at hand, be able to make use of: Μωϋσέα καί τάς προφήτας, Lk 16:29; παράκλητον, 1 Jn 2:1; μάρτυρας, Heb 12:1; οὐδένα ἔχω etc. Phm 2:20; ἄνθρωπον, ἵνα etc. Jn 5:7.
e. a person or thing is said ἔχειν those things which are its parts or are members of his body: as χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς, Mt 18:8; Mk 9:43, Mk 9:45, Mk 9:47; οὖς, Rev 2:7, Rev 2:11, etc.; ὦτα, Mt 11:15; Mk 7:16 (T WH omit; Tr brackets the verse); Mk 8:18; μέλη, Rom 12:4; 1 Cor 12:12; σάρκα καί ὀστέα, Lk 24:39; ἀκροβυστίαν, Acts 11:3; an animal is said ἔχειν head, horns, wings, etc.: Rev 4:7; Rev 5:6; Rev 8:9; Rev 9:8ff; 12:3, etc.; a house, city, or wall, ἔχειν θεμελίους, Heb 11:10; Rev 21:14; στάσιν, Heb 9:8; (add ἐπιστολήν ἔχουσαν (R G περιέχουσαν) τόν τύπον τοῦτον, Acts 23:25).
f. one is said to have the diseases or other ills with which he is affected or afflicted: μάστιγας, Mk 3:10; ἀσθενείας, Acts 28:9; wounds, Rev 13:14; θλῖψιν, Jn 16:33; 1 Cor 7:28; Rev 2:10. Here belong the expressions δαιμόνιον ἔχειν, to be possessed by a demon, Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; Lk 8:27; Jn 7:20; Jn 8:48f, 52; Jn 10:20; Βηλζεβουλ, Mk 3:22; πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον, Mk 3:30; Mk 7:25; Lk 4:33; Acts 8:7; πνεῦμα πονηρόν, Acts 19:13; πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας, i. e. a demon causing infirmity, Lk 13:11; πνεῦμα ἄλαλον, Mk 9:17; λεγεῶνα, Mk 5:15.
g. one is said to have intellectual or spiritual faculties, endowments, virtues, sensations, desires, emotions, affections, faults, defects, etc.: σοφίαν, Rev 17:9; γνῶσιν, 1 Cor 8:1, 1 Cor 8:10; χαρίσματα, Rom 12:6; προφητείαν, 1 Cor 13:2; πίστιν, Mt 17:20; Mt 21:21; Mk 11:22; Lk 17:6; Acts 14:9; Rom 14:22; 1 Tim 1:19; Phm 1:5; πεποίθησιν, 2 Cor 3:4; Phm 3:4; παρρησίαν, Phm 1:8; Heb 10:19; 1 Jn 2:28; 1 Jn 3:21; 1 Jn 4:17; 1 Jn 5:14; ἀγάπην, Jn 5:42; Jn 13:35; Jn 15:13; 1 Jn 4:16; 1 Cor 13:1ff; 2 Cor 2:4; Phm 2:2; Phm 1:5; 1 Pet 4:8; ἐλπίδα (see ἐλπίς, 2, p. 206a middle); ζῆλον, zeal, Rom 10:2; envy, jealousy (ἐν τῇ καρδία), Jas 3:14; χάριν τίνι, to be thankful to one, Lk 17:9; 1 Tim 1:12; 2 Tim 1:3; θυμόν, Rev 12:12; ὑπομονήν, Rev 2:3; φόβον, 1 Tim 5:20; χαράν, Phm 1:7 (Rec.st χάριν); 3 Jn 1:4 (WH text χάριν); λύπην, Jn 16:21; 2 Cor 2:3; Phm 2:27; ἐπιθυμίαν, Phm 1:23; ἐπιποθίαν, Rom 15:23; μνείαν τίνος, 1 Thess 3:6. συνείδησιν καλήν, ἀγαθήν, ἀπρόσκοπον: Acts 24:16; 1 Tim 1:19; 1 Pet 3:16; Heb 13:18; συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν, Heb 10:2; ἀγνωσίαν Θεοῦ, 1 Cor 15:34; ἀσθένειαν, Heb 7:28; ἁμαρτίαν, Jn 9:41; Jn 15:22, etc. h. of age and time: ἡλικίαν, mature years (A. V. to be of age), Jn 9:21, Jn 9:23; ἔτη, to have (completed) years, be years old, Jn 8:57; with ἐν τίνι added: in a state or condition, Jn 5:5 (Winers Grammar, 256 (240) note{3}; Buttmann, § 147, 11); in a place, τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ, Jn 11:17; beginning or end, or both, Heb 7:3; Mk 3:26; Lk 22:37 (see τέλος, 1 a.). i. ἔχειν τί is said of opportunities, benefits, advantages, conveniences, which one enjoys or can make use of: βάθος γῆς, Mt 13:5; γῆν πολλήν, Mk 4:5; ἰκμάδα, Lk 8:6; καιρόν, Gal 6:10; Heb 11:15; Rev 12:12; ἐξουσίαν, see ἐξουσία, passim; εἰρήνην διά τίνος, Rom 5:1 (where we must read ἔχομεν, not (with T Tr WH L marginal reading (cf. WH. Introductory § 404)) ἔχωμεν); ἐλευθερίαν, Gal 2:4; πνεῦμα Θεοῦ, 1 Cor 7:40; πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ, Rom 8:9; νοῦν Χριστοῦ, 1 Cor 2:16; ζωήν, Jn 5:40; Jn 10:10; Jn 20:31; τήν ζωήν, 1 Jn 5:12; ζωήν αἰώνιον, Mt 19:16; Jn 3:15f, 36 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 266 (249)); Jn 5:24, Jn 5:39, Jn 6:40, Jn 5:47, Jn 5:54; 1 Jn 5:13; ἐπαγγελίας, 2 Cor 7:1; Heb 7:6; μισθόν, Mt 5:46; Mt 6:1; 1 Cor 9:17; τά αἰτήματα, the things which we have asked, 1 Jn 5:15; ἔπαινον, Rom 13:3; τιμήν, Jn 4:44; Heb 3:3; λόγον σοφίας, a reputation for wisdom, Col 2:23 (see λόγος, I. 5 at the end); καρπόν, Rom 1:13; Rom 6:21f; χάριν, benefit, 2 Cor 1:15 (where Tr marginal reading WH text χαράν); χάρισμα, 1 Cor 7:7; προσαγωγήν, Eph 2:18; Eph 3:12; ἀνάπαυσιν, Rev 4:8; Rev 14:11; ἀπόλαυσιν τίνος, Heb 11:25; πρόφασιν, Jn 15:22; καύχημα, that of which one may glory, Rom 4:2; Gal 6:4; καύχησιν, Rom 15:17. k. ἔχειν τί is used of one on whom something has been laid, on whom it is incumbent as something to be borne, observed, performed, discharged: ἀνάγκην, 1 Cor 7:37; ἀνάγκην followed by an infinitive, Lk 14:18; Lk 23:17 (R L brackets Tr marginal reading brackets); Heb 7:27; χρείαν τίνος (see χρεία, 1); εὐχήν ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν, Acts 21:23; νόμον, Jn 19:7; ἐντολήν, 2 Jn 1:5; Heb 7:5; ἐπιταγήν, 1 Cor 7:25; διακονίαν, 2 Cor 4:1; πρᾶξιν, Rom 12:4; ἀγῶνα, Phm 1:30; Col 2:1; ἔγκλημα, Acts 23:29; κρίμα, 1 Tim 5:12. l. ἔχειν τί is used of one to whom something has been intrusted: τάς κλείς, Rev 1:18; Rev 3:7; τό γλωσσόκομον, Jn 12:6; Jn 13:29. m. in reference to complaints and disputes the following phrases are used: ἔχω τί (or without an accusative, cf. Buttmann, 144 (126)) κατά τίνος, to have something to bring forward against one, to have something to complain of in one, Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; followed by ὅτι, Rev 2:4; ἔχω κατά σου ὀλίγα, ὅτι etc. Rev 2:14 (here L WH marginal reading omit ὅτι), Rev 2:20 (here G L T Tr WH omit ὀλίγα); ἔχω τί πρός τινα, to have some accusation to bring against one, Acts 24:19; συζήτησιν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, Acts 28:29 (Rec.); ζητήματα πρός τινα, Acts 25:19; λόγον ἔχειν πρός τινα, Acts 19:38; πρᾶγμα πρός τινα, 1 Cor 6:1; μομφήν πρός τινα, Col 3:13; κρίματα μετά τίνος, 1 Cor 6:7. n. phrases of various kinds: ἔχειν τινα κατά πρόσωπον, to have one before him, in his presence (A. V. face to face; see πρόσωπον, 1 a.), Acts 25:16; κοίτην ἐκ τίνος, to conceive by one, Rom 9:10; τοῦτο ἔχεις, ὅτι etc. thou hast this (which is praiseworthy (cf. Winer's Grammar, 595 (553))) that etc. Rev 2:6; ἐν ἐμοί οὐκ ἔχει οὐδέν, hath nothing in me which is his of right, equivalent to no power over me (German erhatmirnichtsan), Jn 14:30; ὁ ἐστιν... σαββάτου ἔχον ὁδόν, a sabbath-day's journey distant (for the distance is something which the distant place has, as it were), Acts 1:12; cf. Kypke at the passage o. ἔχω, with an infinitive (Winers Grammar, 333 (313); Buttmann, 251 (216)), α. like the Latinhabeoquod with the subjunctive, equivalent to to be able: ἔχω ἀποδοῦναι, Mt 18:25; Lk 7:42; Lk 14:14; τί ποιῆσαι, Lk 12:4; οὐδέν εἶχον ἀντειπεῖν, they had nothing to oppose (could say nothing against it), Acts 4:14; κατ' οὐδενός εἶχε μείζονος ὀμόσαι, Heb 6:13; add, Jn 8:6 (Rec.); Acts 25:26 (cf. Buttmann, as above); Eph 4:28; Tit 2:8; 2 Pet 1:15; the infinitive is omitted and to be supplied from the context: ὁ ἔσχεν, namely, ποιῆσαι, Mk 14:8; see examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1297a; (Liddell and Scott, see A. III. 1). β. is used of what there is a certain necessity for doing: βάπτισμα ἔχω βαπτισθῆναι, Lk 12:50; ἔχω σοι τί εἰπεῖν, ; ἀπαγγεῖλαι, Acts 23:17, Acts 23:19; λαλῆσαι, ; κατηγορῆσαι, Acts 28:19; πολλά γράφειν, 2 Jn 1:12; 3 Jn 1:13.
II. Intransitively.
a. (Latinmehabeo) to hold oneself or find oneself so and so, to be in such or such a condition: ἑτοίμως ἔχω, to be ready, followed by an infinitive, Acts 21:13; 2 Cor 12:14; 1 Pet 4:5 (not WH); ἐσχάτως (see ἐσχάτως), Mk 5:23; κακῶς, to be sick, Mt 4:24; Mt 8:16; Mt 9:12; ( L Tr text WH text), etc.; καλῶς, to be well, Mk 16:18; κομψότερον, to be better, Jn 4:52; πῶς, Acts 15:36; ἐν ἑτοίμῳ, followed by an infinitive, 2 Cor 10:6.
b. impersonally: ἄλλως ἔχει, it is otherwise, 1 Tim 5:25; οὕτως, Acts 7:1; Acts 12:15; Acts 17:11; Acts 24:9; τό νῦν, ἔχον, as things now are, for the present, Acts 24:25 (Tobit 7:11, and examples from later secular authors in Kypke, Observations, 2, p. 124; cf. Vig. ed. Herm., p. 9; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 463 (432))).
III. Middle έ᾿χομαι τίνος (in Greek writings from Homer down), properly, to hold oneself to a thing, to lay hold of a thing, to adhere or cling to; to be closely joined to a person or thing (cf. Winers Grammar, 202 (190); Buttmann, 192 (166f), 161 (140)): τά ἐχόμενα τῆς σωτηρίας, Vulg.viciniorasaluti, connected with salvation, or which lead to it, Heb 6:9, where cf. Bleek; ὁ ἐχόμενος, near, adjoining, neighboring, bordering, next: of place, κωμοπόλεις, Mk 1:38 (νῆσος, Isocrates paneg. § 96; οἱ ἐχόμενοι, neighbors, Herodotus 1, 134); of time, τῇ ἐχομένῃ namely, ἡμέρα, the following day, Lk 13:33; Acts 20:15 (1 Macc. 4:28; Polybius 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9); with ἡμέρα added, Acts 21:26; σαββάτῳ, Acts 13:44 (where R T Tr WH text ἐρχομένῳ); ἐνιαυτῷ, 1 Macc. 4:28 (with variant ἐρχομένῳ ἐνιαυτῷ); τοῦ ἐχομενου ἔτους, Thucydides 6, 3. (Compare: ἀνέχω, προσανέχω, ἀντέχω, ἀπέχω, ἐνέχω, ἐπέχω, κατέχω, μετέχω, παρέχω, περιέχω, προέχω, προσέχω, συνέχω, ὑπέρχω, ὑπέχω.)