Word

שׂוּם

sûwm · H7760 · Hebrew · 586 occurrences

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Meanings

to take position

Action by which individuals or groups of humans place themselves in a certain position or configuration

Examples
Ezekiel 21:16 “Prove yourself sharp, go to the right; set yourself; go to the left, wherever your edge is ordered.
to place, to put, to lay, to set, to keep

Causative action by which humans or deities cause objects or (other) humans to be located in a certain place

Examples
Genesis 2:8 The LORD God planted a garden toward the east, in Eden; and there He placed the man whom He had formed.
Genesis 4:15 So the LORD said to him, “Therefore whoever kills Cain, vengeance will be taken on him seven times as much.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one finding him would kill him.
Genesis 6:16 “You shall make a window for the ark, and finish it to a cubit from the top; and put the door of the ark on the side; you shall make it with lower, second, and third decks.
Causative action by which humans or deities hold (other) humans responsible for an event that has taken place or that is to take place in the future (to place (responsibility on someone) > to lay upon, to bring upon, to impose upon, to charge with, to commit to)

Examples
Exodus 5:8 “But you shall impose on them the quota of bricks which they were making before; you are not to reduce any of it. Because they are lazy, for that reason they cry out, ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.’
Exodus 15:25 Then he cried out to the LORD, and the LORD showed him a tree; and he threw it into the waters, and the waters became sweet. There He made for them a statute and regulation, and there He tested them.
Deuteronomy 22:8 “When you build a new house, you shall make a parapet for your roof, so that you will not bring guilt for bloodshed on your house if anyone falls from it.
to have children

Literally: to put children; hence: causative action by which humans bring forth children

Examples
Ezra 10:44 All of these men had married foreign wives, and some of them had wives by whom they had children.
to inflict punishment

Literally: to lay (one's) hand (on someone); hence: causative action by which deities inflict punishment on nations, as if striking them with their hand

Examples
Ezekiel 39:21 “And I will place My glory among the nations; and all the nations will see My judgment which I have executed, and My hand which I have laid on them.
to turn into, to change

Causative action by which humans or deities make objects or (other) humans different from what they were before

Examples
Genesis 13:16 “I will make your descendants as plentiful as the dust of the earth, so that if anyone can count the dust of the earth, then your descendants could also be counted.
Genesis 21:13 “And of the son of the slave woman I will make a nation also, because he is your descendant.”
Genesis 21:18 “Get up, lift up the boy, and hold him by the hand, for I will make a great nation of him.”
Literally: to place (one's) home; hence: action by which humans settle in a certain place with the purpose of making it their home (to make (one's) home)

Examples
Proverbs 30:26 The rock hyraxes are not a mighty people, Yet they make their houses in the rocks;
Literally: to put (one's) name (somewhere); hence: causative action by which deities link their name to a certain location by declaring it their dwelling-place (to establish (one's) name (somewhere))

Examples
Deuteronomy 12:5 “But you shall seek the LORD at the place which the LORD your God will choose from all your tribes, to establish His name there for His dwelling, and you shall come there.
Deuteronomy 12:21 “If the place where the LORD your God chooses to put His name is too far from you, then you may slaughter animals from your herd and flock which the LORD has given you, as I have commanded you; and you may eat within your gates whatever you desire.
Deuteronomy 14:24 “But if the distance is so great for you that you are not able to bring the tithe, since the place where the LORD your God chooses to set His name is too far away from you when the LORD your God blesses you,
to make

Causative action by which deities call objects to existence

Examples
Exodus 4:11 But the LORD said to him, “Who has made the human mouth? Or who makes anyone unable to speak or deaf, or able to see or blind? Is it not I, the LORD?
1 Samuel 2:20 Then Eli would bless Elkanah and his wife, and say, “May the LORD give you children from this woman in place of the one she requested of the LORD.” And they went to their own home.
Job 1:17 While he was still speaking, another came and said, “The Chaldeans formed three units and made a raid on the camels and took them, and killed the servants with the edge of the sword, and I alone have escaped to tell you.”
Literally: to put name and remnant; hence: causative action by which humans do what is needed to ensure that they (or others) have living descendants to perpetuate their name (to leave (someone) name and descendants)

Examples
Genesis 45:7 “So God sent me ahead of you to ensure for you a remnant on the earth, and to keep you alive by a great deliverance.
2 Samuel 14:7 “Now behold, the entire family has risen against your servant, and they have said, ‘Hand over the one who struck his brother, so that we may put him to death for the life of his brother whom he killed, and eliminate the heir as well.’ So they will extinguish my coal which is left, so as to leave my husband neither name nor remnant on the face of the earth.”
to seize

Literally: to put (one's) hands (on someone); hence: action by which humans seize other humans in order to take them into custody

Examples
2 Kings 11:16 So they seized her, and when they brought her to the horses’ entrance of the king’s house, she was put to death there.
2 Chronicles 23:15 So they seized her, and when she arrived at the entrance of the Horse Gate of the king’s house, they put her to death there.
to give a certain status

Literally: to put (someone's) seat (somewhere); hence: causative action by which humans confer a certain status upon other humans

Examples
Esther 3:1 After these events King Ahasuerus honored Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and promoted him and established his authority over all the officials who were with him.
Literally: to put a name (for oneself); hence: action by which humans make an effort to increase their status by certain actions (to make a name (for oneself))

Examples
2 Samuel 7:23 “And what one nation on the earth is like Your people Israel, whom God went to redeem for Himself as a people, and to make a name for Himself, and to do a great thing for You and awesome things for Your land, because of Your people whom You have redeemed for Yourself from Egypt, from other nations and their gods?
1 Chronicles 17:21 “And what one nation on the earth is like Your people Israel, whom God went to redeem for Himself as a people, to make for You a name by great and awesome things, by driving out nations from before Your people, whom You redeemed from Egypt?
to cause to happen

Causative action by which humans or deities cause an event to happen as if it were an object placed in a certain position

Examples
Genesis 30:36 And he put a distance of three days’ journey between himself and Jacob, and Jacob fed the rest of Laban’s flocks.
Exodus 10:2 and that you may tell in the presence of your son, and of your grandson, how I made a mockery of the Egyptians and how I performed My signs among them, so that you may know that I am the LORD.”
Exodus 15:26 And He said, “If you will listen carefully to the voice of the LORD your God, and do what is right in His sight, and listen to His commandments, and keep all His statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you which I have put on the Egyptians; for I, the LORD, am your healer.”
to pay back, to repay, to reward

Action by which humans act towards a person in a way that has consequences and can result either in retribution or a reward

Examples
Psalm 109:5 So they have repaid me evil for good, And hatred for my love.
to pronounce

Literally: to put (something) in (someone's) ears; hence: causative action by which humans speak words in the hearing of other humans

Examples
Exodus 17:14 Then the LORD said to Moses, “Write this in a book as a memorial and recite it to Joshua, that I will utterly wipe out the memory of Amalek from under heaven.”
Literally: to place before (someone); hence: causative action by which humans pass on a message to other humans as if it were an object placed in front of them (to set before (someone) > to inform (someone))

Examples
Exodus 19:7 So Moses came and called the elders of the people, and set before them all these words which the LORD had commanded him.
Exodus 21:1 “Now these are the ordinances which you are to set before them:
Deuteronomy 4:44 Now this is the Law which Moses set before the sons of Israel;
to name

Literally: to put (someone's) name; hence: causative action by which humans assign a name to other humans

Examples
Numbers 6:27 “So they shall invoke My name on the sons of Israel, and then I will bless them.”
Judges 8:31 And his concubine who was in Shechem also bore him a son, and he named him Abimelech.
2 Kings 17:34 To this day they act in accordance with the earlier customs: they do not fear the LORD, nor do they follow their statutes, their ordinances, the Law, or the commandments which the LORD commanded the sons of Jacob, whom He named Israel.
to give glory, to glorify

Literally: to put glory; hence: causative action by which humans express their respect for a deity with words and actions

Examples
Psalm 66:2 Sing the glory of His name; Make His praise glorious.
Literally: to put (one's) way; hence: action by which humans change their mode of behavior (to improve (one's) way)

Examples
Psalm 50:23 “He who offers a sacrifice of thanksgiving honors Me; And to him who sets his way properly I will show the salvation of God.”
Causative action by which humans or deities give (other) humans a certain task or responsibility (to place (in a position) > to appoint)

Examples
Genesis 47:6 “The land of Egypt is at your disposal; settle your father and your brothers in the best of the land, let them live in the land of Goshen; and if you know any capable men among them, then put them in charge of my livestock.”
Exodus 1:11 So they appointed taskmasters over them to oppress them with hard labor. And they built for Pharaoh storage cities, Pithom and Raamses.
Exodus 5:14 Moreover, the foremen of the sons of Israel, whom Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten and asked, “Why have you not completed your required task of making bricks either yesterday or today, as before?”
Literally: to place (one's) eyes (on someone); hence: action by which humans look intentionally at a particular view (to set (one's) eyes (on someone) > to look)

Examples
Genesis 44:21 “Then you said to your servants, ‘Bring him down to me so that I may set my eyes on him.’
to face

Literally: to set (one's) face (in a certain direction); hence: action by which humans or deities fix their eyes in a certain direction, often with the purpose of going there or taking action against it

Examples
Genesis 31:21 So he fled with all that he had; and he got up and crossed the Euphrates River, and set out for the hill country of Gilead.
Jeremiah 44:11 “Therefore this is what the LORD of armies, the God of Israel says: ‘Behold, I am going to set My face against you for a disaster, even to eliminate all Judah.
Ezekiel 6:2 “Son of man, set your face toward the mountains of Israel, and prophesy against them
to be silent

Literally: to put (one's) hand on (one's) mouth; hence: action by which humans intentionally refrain from speaking

Examples
Judges 18:19 And they said to him, “Be silent, put your hand over your mouth, and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest. Is it better for you to be a priest to the house of one man, or to be priest to a tribe and a family in Israel?”
Job 21:5 “Look at me, and be astonished, And put your hand over your mouth.
Job 29:9 “The leaders stopped talking And put their hands on their mouths;
to cause to smell

Literally: to put (something) in (someone else's) nose; hence: causative action by which humans cause deities to smell something

Examples
Deuteronomy 33:10 “They will teach Your ordinances to Jacob, And Your Law to Israel. They shall put incense before You, And whole burnt offerings on Your altar.
Literally: to put in (someone's) mouth; hence: causative action by which humans or deities give (other) humans the assignment to pass on a specific message to others (to put in (someone's) mouth > to give (to someone) to speak)

Examples
Exodus 4:15 “So you are to speak to him and put the words in his mouth; and I Myself will be with your mouth and his mouth, and I will instruct you in what you are to do.
Numbers 22:38 So Balaam said to Balak, “Behold, I have come to you now! Am I really able to speak anything? The word that God puts in my mouth, that only shall I speak.”
Numbers 23:5 Then the LORD put a word in Balaam’s mouth and said, “Return to Balak, and this is what you shall speak.”
Literally: to put in (someone's) hand; hence: causative action by which deities gave humans the ability to perform a certain event (to give in (someone's) hand > to give (someone) the power (to do something))

Examples
Exodus 4:21 And the LORD said to Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders which I have put in your power; but I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.
to take to heart, to be concerned about

Literally: to put (one's) heart on (something); hence: to process information in one's mind, often with the intention to act upon it later

Examples
Exodus 9:21 but everyone who did not pay regard to the word of the LORD left his servants and his livestock in the field.
Deuteronomy 32:46 he said to them, “Take to your heart all the words with which I am warning you today, which you will command your sons to follow carefully, all the words of this Law.
Judges 19:30 All who saw it said, “Nothing like this has ever happened or been seen from the day when the sons of Israel came up from the land of Egypt to this day. Consider it, make a plan, and speak up!”
to take to heart, to be concerned about

Literally: to put in/to/on (one's) heart; hence: to process information in one's mind, often with the intention to act upon it later

Examples
Deuteronomy 11:18 “You shall therefore take these words of mine to heart and to soul; and you shall tie them as a sign on your hand, and they shall be as frontlets on your forehead.
1 Samuel 21:12 David took these words to heart and greatly feared Achish king of Gath.
2 Samuel 13:33 “So now, may my lord the king not take the report to heart, claiming, ‘all the king’s sons are dead’; but only Amnon is dead.”
to set a time

Literally: to set a time; hence: action by which humans or deities determine a certain moment in the future for an event to take place

Examples
Exodus 9:5 And the LORD set a definite time, saying, “Tomorrow the LORD will do this thing in the land.”
Job 34:23 “For He does not need to consider a person further, That he should go before God in judgment.
to provide a place

Literally: to put a place; hence: action by which a deity takes a decision regarding the location where a certain activity will take place

Examples
Exodus 21:13 “Yet if he did not lie in wait for him, but God caused him to fall into his hand, then I will appoint you a place to which he may flee.
2 Samuel 7:10 “And I will establish a place for My people Israel, and will plant them, so that they may live in their own place and not be disturbed again, nor will malicious people oppress them anymore as previously,
1 Kings 8:21 “And there I have set a place for the ark, in which is the covenant of the LORD, which He made with our fathers when He brought them out of the land of Egypt.”
Literally: to set (someone) before (oneself); hence: action by which humans give thought to a deity and try to please him (to place before (oneself) > to mindful of)

Examples
Psalm 54:3 For strangers have risen against me And violent men have sought my life; They have not set God before them. Selah
Psalm 86:14 God, arrogant men have risen up against me, And a gang of violent men have sought my life, And they have not set You before them.
Literally: to put (one's) life in (one's) hands; hence: action by which humans decide to perform an event at the risk of their lives (to risk (one's) life)

Examples
Judges 12:3 “When I saw that you were no deliverer, I took my life in my hands and crossed over against the sons of Ammon, and the LORD handed them over to me. Why then have you come up to me this day to fight against me?”
1 Samuel 19:5 “For he took his life in his hand and struck the Philistine, and the LORD brought about a great victory for all Israel; you saw it and rejoiced. Why then would you sin against innocent blood by putting David to death for no reason?”
Job 13:14 “Why should I take my flesh in my teeth, And put my life in my hands?
to plan, to expect

Literally: to set (one's) face (to do something); hence: action by which humans exercise their minds to determine what will happen or what they will do

Examples
1 Kings 2:15 So he said, “You yourself know that the kingdom was mine and that all Israel intended for me to be king; however, the kingdom has turned around and become my brother’s, for it was his from the LORD.
2 Kings 12:17 Then Hazael the king of Aram went up and fought against Gath and captured it, and Hazael was intent on going up against Jerusalem.
Jeremiah 42:15 then in that case listen to the word of the LORD, you remnant of Judah. This is what the LORD of armies, the God of Israel says: “If you really set your minds to enter Egypt and go in to reside there,
Literally: to put before (one's) face; hence: action by which humans decide that something is of significant importance for them and needs to be dealt with (to set (one's) mind (on something))

Examples
Ezekiel 14:4 “Therefore speak to them and tell them, ‘This is what the Lord GOD says: “Anyone of the house of Israel who sets up his idols in his heart, puts in front of his face the stumbling block of his wrongdoing, and then comes to the prophet, I the LORD will let Myself answer him in the matter in view of the multitude of his idols,
Ezekiel 14:7 “For anyone of the house of Israel, or of the strangers who reside in Israel, who deserts Me, sets up his idols in his heart, puts in front of his face the stumbling block of his wrongdoing, and then comes to the prophet to request something of Me for himself, I the LORD will let Myself answer him Myself.
to interpret

Literally: to put understanding; hence: causative action by which humans make an effort to help other humans achieve a better understanding of certain information

Examples
Nehemiah 8:8 They read from the book, from the Law of God, translating to give the sense so that they understood the reading.
to watch over

Literally: to place (one's) eyes (on someone); hence: action by which humans or deities pay special attention to (other) humans, as if they were keeping their eyes on them at all times; this can be understood both in a positive and a negative sense

Examples
Jeremiah 24:6 ‘For I will set My eyes on them for good, and I will bring them back to this land; and I will build them up and not overthrow them, and I will plant them and not uproot them.
Jeremiah 39:12 “Take him and look after him, and do not do anything harmful to him, but rather deal with him just as he tells you.”
Jeremiah 40:4 “But now, behold, I am setting you free today from the chains that are on your hands. If you would prefer to come with me to Babylon, come along, and I will look after you; but if you would prefer not to come with me to Babylon, do not come. Look, the whole land is before you; go wherever it seems good and right for you to go.”

How it’s used In 10 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

582 occurrences in 50 groups

Not stated: he, she or it 150
Not stated: I 101
Not stated: you (one person) 98
Not stated: they 69
Not stated: you (more than one) 37
Not stated (infinitive) 31
Other words · 34 groups that occur once or twice (43) 43

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

498 occurrences in 215 groups

וֹhim 29
פָּנִיםface, presence, before 23
שֵׁםname 19
הֶםthem 18
הָher 16
דָּבָרword, thing, matter 13
Other words · 167 groups that occur once or twice (196) 196

Second objectAs in “call him Lord”

62 occurrences in 53 groups

שַׂרcommander, chief, official 6
שְׁמָמָהdesolation 4
חֶרְפָּהdisgrace, reproach 3
אֶבֶןstone 3
Other words · 49 groups that occur once or twice (51) 51

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

442 occurrences in 298 groups

לto/for+ פָּנִיםface, presence, before 14
בin/on/with+ פֶּהmouth 13
לto/for+ וֹhim 12
עַלon, upon, over, against+ הֶםthem 10
עַלon, upon, over, against+ לֵבheart, mind 9
עַלon, upon, over, against+ וֹhim 8
Other words · 250 groups that occur once or twice (295) 295

With adverbsAdverbs

59 occurrences in 11 groups

לֹאnot 25
שָׁםthere 17
אַלnot, do not 5
סָבִיבround about, around, on every side 4
Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9

Named alongside itApposition

1 occurrences in 1 groups

הוּאhe, she, it 1

What it doesIt is the subject

1 occurrences in 1 groups

הָיָהto be, to become 1

What is done to itIt is the object

5 occurrences in 2 groups

אָמַרto say 4
יָדַעto know 1

What it is said to bePredicate

2 occurrences in 2 groups

בְּלִיwithout, not 1
אַיֵּהwhere? 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

24 occurrences in 4 groups

לto/for 16
בin/on/with 4
מִןfrom 3
כlike/as 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 1 word

שִׁית shîyth · H7896 · to take position, to place, to put: Both are verbs of placing, setting or appointing, with overlapping senses such as appoint, bring, consider, put and set.

In the other Testament 6 words

τίθημι títhēmi · G5087 · to put, to place, to appoint: Hebrew שׂוּם and Greek τίθημι both denote the core action of placing, setting, or appointing something in position, and their semantic ranges overlap closely, extending from literal placement to figurative or idiomatic uses such as appointment or disposition. τίθημι is the standard Septuagint correspondent for שׂוּם in this placement/setting sense.
ἐπιτίθημι epitíthēmi · G2007 · to put on, to place on, to lay on: שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) שׂוּם encompasses a broad semantic range of placing, appointing, and setting actions, while ἐπιτίθημι (epitíthēmi, G2007) ἐπιτίθημι specifically denotes placing or laying upon something (literally or figuratively), representing a more spatially-oriented subset of the Hebrew term's extensive causative-positional meanings.
καθίστημι kathístēmi · G2525 · to put in charge of, to appoint, to designate: Hebrew שׂוּם covers a broader semantic range of setting/placing actions including physical placement and various idiomatic extensions, while Greek καθίστημι specifically denotes formal appointment, designation, or establishment of someone in a position or role.
παρατίθημι paratíthēmi · G3908 · to give food to, to provide with food, to tell a parable: παρατίθημι (paratíthēmi, G3908) specifically denotes physical placement alongside or entrusting/depositing (food, truth, safekeeping), corresponding to שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760)'s (שׂוּם) broader semantic range of setting/placing/appointing when used in contexts of presentation, commitment, or entrustment rather than general positioning.
τάσσω tássō · G5021 · to appoint, to designate, to assign: Hebrew שׂוּם covers a broad semantic range of placement, appointment, and determination, while Greek τάσσω focuses specifically on orderly arrangement and formal assignment to a position or role. The two converge where שׂוּם narrows to the "appoint/assign" sense that τάσσω consistently expresses.
βάλλω bállō · G906 · to throw, to let fall, to drop: שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) שׂוּם encompasses a broad semantic range of 'placing/setting/appointing' actions, while βάλλω (bállō, G906) βάλλω specifically denotes the physical act of 'throwing/casting'; the cross-linguistic equivalence holds in contexts where שׂוּם expresses the causative placement sense 'cast/put' (as in 'cast into prison' or 'put/throw down'), representing a register-specific overlap within שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760)'s wider semantic domain rather than a complete equivalence.

Semantic domains 25 entries

Space002002001017: The verb's core sense is to put or place something in a location, as in Genesis 2:8's "there He placed the man whom He had formed" and Genesis 6:16's instruction to "put the door of the ark on the side."
Bear002003003003: The verb describes laying an object onto a person to be carried, as in Genesis 9:23's account of Shem and Japheth, who "took a garment and laid it on both their shoulders."
Birth002002002003: This nuance is not directly shown by the sampled citations here, which do not touch on childbirth; it reflects another, less common extension of this broad verb of causation.
Chastise002003002005: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences illustrating the broad verb "put, set, place, appoint, make" include an idiomatic extension at 1 Samuel 15:2, where the same word underlies the clause describing how Amalek "set/obstructed" himself against Israel on the way from Egypt, giving this Chastise domain code a genuine, if idiomatic, grounding.
Different002001001019: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences overwhelmingly illustrate the single broad sense "put, set, place, appoint, make"; no tagged occurrence illustrates a "distinguish, make a difference" sense specifically, and the well-known "the LORD makes a distinction" idiom (e.g. Exodus 8:23, 11:7) is not itself tagged with this Strong's number. This Different domain code is bundle-shared and carries no tagged occurrence of שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) independently attesting it.
Dwell002002001005: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences include 1 Chronicles 17:9, "I will appoint a place for My people Israel, and will plant them there, so that they may live in their own place," directly supporting this Dwell domain code as an idiomatic extension of "put/place" into settled habitation.
Exist002002002005: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences include Isaiah 23:13, "this is the people that did not exist," where the same verb underlies the negated clause describing a people's coming into or falling out of existence, giving this Exist domain code a genuine, if idiomatic, grounding.
Hold002003001009: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences include 1 Samuel 19:13, "put a quilt of goats' hair at its head," and 1 Chronicles 11:25, both illustrating a physical holding/placing sense, directly supporting this Hold domain code.
Great002001002012: The verb is used causatively of making something great or numerous, as in Genesis 13:16's "I will make your descendants as plentiful as the dust of the earth."
Happen002002003003: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences include Genesis 28:11, "he happened upon a particular place and spent the night there," where the same verb describes an event occurring or befalling someone, directly supporting this Happen domain code.
Hear002004001003: This nuance is not directly shown by the sampled citations here; it reflects an idiomatic extension of the verb toward directing attention to hear, less common than its core placing sense.
Know002004002007: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences overwhelmingly illustrate the single broad sense "put, set, place, appoint, make"; while several verses in this lexeme's data happen to contain the English word "know" elsewhere in the same translated sentence (e.g. 1 Kings 2:5, 2:15), in every such case the tagged word itself renders a distinct "put/set" clause, not the verb of knowing. This Know domain code is bundle-shared and carries no tagged occurrence of שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) independently attesting a knowledge sense of its own.
Name002004002010: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences include 1 Kings 11:36, "the city where I have chosen for Myself to put My name," a well-attested idiom of "placing" a name, directly supporting this Name domain code.
Praise002004001009009: This nuance is not directly shown by the sampled citations here; it reflects another idiomatic extension of this broad verb of causation, less common than its core placing sense.
Right002001003013: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrence at Genesis 48:18, "Place your right hand on his head," directly supports this Right domain code (referring to the right hand specifically, not a general moral-rectitude sense).
Role002002002008: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences include 1 Samuel 18:13, "Saul removed him from his presence and appointed him as his commander of a thousand," and 1 Chronicles 17:9, both illustrating the idiom of "placing" someone into an office or function, directly supporting this Role domain code.
See002004001005: This nuance is not directly shown by the sampled citations here; it reflects an idiomatic extension toward directing the eyes or attention, less common than its core placing sense.
Non-Speak002004001009004: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences overwhelmingly illustrate the single broad sense "put, set, place, appoint, make" in narration; no tagged occurrence illustrates a non-speech/silence sense specifically. This Non-Speak domain code is bundle-shared and carries no tagged occurrence of שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) independently attesting it.
Smell002004001007: This nuance is not directly shown by the sampled citations here; it reflects a rare, less common extension of this broad verb of placing or causation.
Speak002004001009008: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences overwhelmingly illustrate the single broad sense "put, set, place, appoint, make"; while several verses in this lexeme's data happen to contain reported speech elsewhere in the same sentence (e.g. 1 Kings 2:19, where the tagged word itself is "a throne set up," not the earlier "to speak to him" clause), no tagged occurrence illustrates a speech/speaking sense specifically. This Speak domain code is bundle-shared and carries no tagged occurrence of שׂוּם (sûwm, H7760) independently attesting it.
Strong002001001063: This nuance is not directly shown by the sampled citations here; it reflects another, less common extension of this broad causative verb toward making something firm or strong.
Think002004002013: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrence at Song of Solomon 8:6, "Put me like a seal over your heart," is the classic idiom of "setting" something upon the heart/mind, directly supporting this Think domain code.
Wise002001002029: This nuance is not directly shown by the sampled citations here, which do not touch on wisdom directly; it reflects another extension of this broad verb of disposing or determining.
Care002003002004: This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrence at Deuteronomy 32:46, "Take to your heart all the words with which I am warning you today," is the same "set upon the heart" idiom, directly supporting this Care domain code.
Cover002003001005: This nuance is not directly shown by this entry's own sampled citations — Genesis 9:23's "covered the nakedness" renders a different Hebrew verb in the same verse from the one placing the garment on the shoulders — but reflects another attested extension of this broad verb elsewhere in the text.

Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

שׂוּםsûwm · H7760שׂוּם sûwm · H7761 · command, give, lay · 26×תְּשׂוּמֶת tᵉsûwmeth · H8667 · pledge · 1×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7760. sum or sim I. שִׂים שׂוּם, :582 verb put, place, set (compare NöZMG xxxvii (1883),…

H7760. sum
or sim I. שִׂים שׂוּם, :582 verb put, place, set (compare NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 532; Late Hebrew סוּס
Pi`el designate, fix, שׂום Ecclus 45:5c; Ecclus 49:6; Phoenician שם, Assyrian šâmu. fix, determine; Sabean שׂים set, set up, SabDenkmNo. 7, 1. 6 CISiv. 1; Arabic () is insert, sheathe, also compute; Ethiopic : put, place; שׂוּם ᵑ7, Syriac Old Aramaic שים); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular שָׂם Gen 21:14 + (2Ch 1:5 read ᵑ9 ᵐ5 שָׁם Gi Be Kau Benz), suffix שָׂמוֺ Eze 17:4 +, שָׂמָ֫הוּ Eze 7:20; Eze 7:3feminine singular שָׂ֫מָה 1Sa 19:13, suffix שָׂמָ֫תְהוּ Eze 19:5; Eze 24:7; Eze 24:2masculine singular שַׂמְתָּ Jer 32:20 +; 3 plural שָׂמוּ Gen 40:15 +; 1 plural שַׂמְנוּ Isa 28:15, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יָשׂוּם Exo 4:11, יָשִׂים Gen 30:42 +, יָשִׂם Job 23:6; jussive יָשֵׂם 1Sa 22:15 +; וַיָּשֶׂם Gen 2:8 +; suffix יְשִׂמֵנִי 2Sa 15:4, וַיְשִׂימְךָ 1Ki 10:9; 1Ki 10:2feminine singular וַתָּשִׂימִי Isa 51:23; וָאָשִׂים 1Sa 28:21 +, וָאָשִׂימָה Ezr 8:17; Jdg 12:3 Qr (Kt ואישׂמה); 2 masculine plural תָּשִׂימוּ Gen 32:17 +, תְּשִׂימ֫וּן Exo 22:24 +, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שִׂים Gen 24:2 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שׂוֺם Deu 17:15 +, construct שׂוּם Deut 45:7 +, שִׂים Job 20:4 + 2Sa 14:7 Qr (Kt שׂום), שׂימו Isa 10:6 Kt (Qr שׂוּמוֺ), etc.; Participle שָׂם Amo 7:8 +, feminine singular הַשָּׂמָ֫ה Isa 51:10 (so read for הַשָּׂ֫מָה ᵑ0); plural שָׂמִים Mal 2:2 +; pass. שִׂים Num 24:21 (compare Di), Obadiah 4; feminine according to most שׂוּמָה 2Sa 13:22 (van d. H. שׂימה Kt), but see below; שִׂימָ֫ה Psa 56:9 Bae Buhl, but most Imperative masculine singular; — put, set (often || נָתַן
2, q. v.), with accusative of person or of thing (expressed or implied):
1. a. put, set, in a place, + שָׁם Gen 2:8 (J), + accusative of location Gen 28:11 (E) + 5 t.+, with 2 accusative + location, 2Ki 10:8 heads (in) heaps at (accusative of location), compare Lev 24:6 (עַל); + ב Lev 40:15 (E), figurative of ׳י, put his name, ׳בִּירוּשׁ 2 Kings 21:47 2Ch 33:7, compare with שָׁם 1Ki 9:3; Deu 12:5-6t.; especially ב of receptacle Gen 31:34 (E), Exo 2:3 (E), Jdg 6:19 + often; sackcloth on (ב) loins Gen 37:34 (J), 1Ki 20:31, crown on head Zec 6:11; Est 1:17, shoes on feet Eze 24:17; hook, etc., in nose 1 Kings 19:28 = Isa 37:29; Job 40:26, incense בְּאַמֶּ֑ךָ Deu 33:10, i.e. cause thee (׳י) to smell it; feet in stocks (figurative) Job 13:27; Job 33:11; knife into throat Pro 23:2 (figurative of self-restraint, Fl in De); words into mouth Exo 4:15 (J), Num 22:38 (E) + 8 t., + Deu 31:19 teach to say or sing; into heart Job 22:22, insert also 1Sa 29:10 ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; trust in God Psa 78:7; (guilt of) blood into house Deu 22:8, compare Jdg 9:24 (עַל person; so, with נָתַן Deu 21:8; Jer 26:15; Jon 1:14); something into hand Exo 4:21 (E), of wonders, i.e. enable hand to do them; elsewhere = take, of hammer Jdg 4:21, booty 1Ki 20:6, so (figurative) take one's life (נֶפֶשׁ) into one's palm (i.e. risk it) Jdg 12:3; 1Sa 19:5; 1Sa 28:21; Job 13:14; put eyes בַּמּוּךְ 2Ki 9:30 (see מּוּךְ, compare Isa 54:11); נֶפֶשׁ ( = person), בַּחַיִּים Psa 66:9 (subject ׳י); set men at (the use of) implements 2Sa 12:31 (probably, compare Dr HPS; > (ם) וַיָּשַׂ sawed them with, as || 1Ch 20:3, Th We); 1Ki 2:5 (|| נתן) is dubious; ᵐ5L Klo Kit read וַיִּקֹּם; charge something against (ב person; properly put in, i.e. attribute, impute, to) 1Sa 22:15; Job 4:18; so, with ל person Deu 22:14, compare (ל omitted) Deu 22:17; put בְּקֶרֶב Amo 7:8; Isa 63:11, בְּתוֺךְ Eze 26:12.
b. put something upon (עַל) Num 21:8-9, (E) + often; jewels, clothes, on person Gen 24:17 (J), Gen 41:42 (E), Lev 8:8 (P), Rth 3:3, turban Zec 3:5 (twice in verse); Exo 29:5 (P), Lev 8:9 (P), compare (preposition omitted) Job 24:15; Job 36:13 (figurative), girdle Jer 13:1-2, sackcloth 1Ki 21:27; ׳שׂ עַלהָֿאָרֶץ אָדָם Job 20:4 (of man's creation); of siege and siege engines, עַל = against, Micah 4:14; Eze 23:24; put, lay, upon (עַל), 2Ki 4:29 +; hand Gen 48:18 (J) + 3 t., + upon mouth, in silence Jdg 18:19; Job 21:5, and awe Mic 7:16, so with ל Job 29:9, לְמוֺ Job 40:4; Job 40:40, upon (עַל) head 2Sa 13:19 (in despair, compare Jer 2:37); accusative of disease Exo 15:26 (J), so (ב person) Exo 15:26; Deu 7:16; figurative, spirit (עַל) Num 11:17 (JE), name Num 6:27 (P), duty Job 37:15 (?), reproach 1Sa 11:2, מוֺדָה תַּחַת רָעָה Psa 109:5 (ᵑ6 Bae וַיָּשִׁיבוּ so, or וַיְשַׁלְּמוּ, Hup Che); ׳שׂ לֵב עַל Son 8:6 (simile), so, figurative, = remember, treasure up, Isa 42:25; Isa 47:7 (|| זָכַר), + 6 t., with אֶל 2Sa 13:33; 2Sa 19:20 (|| id.); with ב 1Sa 21:13; compare ׳שׂ בְּאָזְנֵי Exo 17:14 (E), impress upon.
c. put, lay, set, with ל, 2Ki 11:16 lay (violent) hands on = 2Ch 23:15; put end to Job 18:2; Job 28:3; set לְמָרוֺם Job 5:11; render glory to Jos 7:19 (J E; || נָתַן), Isa 42:12; make covenant with 2Sa 23:5; set food for Gen 43:32 (J), 2Sa 12:20, preposition omitted Gen 43:31 (J), so, with לִפְנֵי 1Sa 9:24; 1Sa 28:22; 2Ki 6:22; ׳שׂ לִפְנֵי elsewhere Jdg 18:21, of precedence Gen 48:20b (E) : set laws (as authoritative) לִפְנֵי Exo 19:7; Exo 21:1 (both E), Deu 4:44; God (as moral ruler) לְנֶגְדָּם Psa 54:5; Psa 86:14; ׳שׂ נֶגֶד also Gen 31:37 (E), נֹכַח Eze 14:4, Eze 14:7; לְעֵינֵי Gen 30:41 (J).
d. put, with בֵּין Jos 24:7 (E) + 5:t. (Exo 8:19 see מְּדוּת p. 804), + Gen 30:36 (J), Gen 32:17 (E), put space between; with תַּחַת Exo 17:12 (E), + 3 t. (Obadiah 7 strike out לַחְמְךָ We GASm Now and others) + ׳שׂ יָרִךְ תַּחַת יָד in oath Gen 24:2, Gen 24:9; Gen 47:29 (all J); put, with אֶל location 1Sa 6:11, 1Sa 6:15; 1Sa 19:13 a Hab 2:15, אֶל person Job 5:8 commit unto; with אֵצֶל of thing Lev 6:3 (P), מִצַּד of thing Deu 31:26 (P); ׳שׂ עִמְּךָ 1Sa 9:23 lay up something with thee, reserve it; put, with יַחַד Mic 2:12 put together = collect (|| קִבֵּץ אָסַף); without modifier 1Ki 18:23 (twice in verse); 1Ki 18:25; Eze 30:21 apply bandage (|| נָתַן).
2 set, direct:
a. sword against (ב) Jdg 7:22; figurative extend compassion, ל person Isa 47:6.
b. direct לֵב (mind) toward, pay attention to, with ל 1Sa 9:20; Deu 32:46; Eze 40:4; Eze 44:5b; with אֶל Exo 9:21 (J), 1Sa 25:25; 2Sa 18:3 (twice in verse); Job 2:3; Job 34:14 (Bu Du strike out לֵב and read יָשִׁיב רוּחוֺ); with עַל Hag 1:5, Hag 1:7; Job 1:8; compl. omitted Eze 44:5a Hag 2:15, Hag 2:18 (twice in verse); Isa 41:22; Jdg 19:30 read perhaps לְבַבְכֶם for לָכֶם (or עֵצָה for עֻצוּ), see especially GFMHeb. Hpt.; לֵב omitted, Isa 41:20 ( + הִשְׂכִּיל יָדַע, רָאָה,), with ב person Job 23:6 (so Bu, who compares Job 4:20; Job 24:12; Job 34:23, but all cases dubious); לֵב שִׂים, with עַל = intend Dan 1:8 (object clause).
c. set face (מָּנִים) toward (accusative of location) Gen 31:21 (E), + לָבוֺא Jer 42:15 (twice in verse); Jer 42:17; Jer 44:12, compare 2Ki 12:18; Dan 11:17; with אֶל, toward or against (implying opposition) Eze 6:2 Eze 6:5t. Ezekiel, with עַל Eze 29:2; Eze 35:2, with דֶּרֶךְ of direction Eze 21:2; with ב (figurative of oppos., subject ׳י): לְרָעָה בָּכֶם מָּנַי שָׂם הִנְנְי Jer 44:11, compare Jer 21:10; Eze 15:7 (|| נתן), Lev 20:5 (P); with ל of thing (human subject) Dan 11:18 Qr ( < Kt ישׁב); with עַל person + לִמְלֹךְ of purpose 1Ki 2:15; set eyes (עֵינַים) upon, with עַל person = behold Gen 44:21 (J), = look after, take care of Jer 39:12; Jer 40:4, לְטוֺבָה Jer 24:6, but לְרָעָה Amo 9:4.
3. a. set, ordain, with accusative of thing Num 24:23 ( > accusative of person Di).
b. set, establish a law, statute, + ל person Exo 15:25; Jos 24:25 (both E), compare Pro 8:29; + ב location Isa 42:4; Psa 78:5 (|| הֵקִים), also Psa 81:6; Jer 33:25 + 2Sa 20:19 (שָׂמוּ for ᵐ5 שְׁלֻמֵי Ew We Kit Bu HPS, compare Dr); establish something as (ל) law Gen 47:26 (J), 1Sa 30:25 ( + ל person); establish bazaars (as a right), ב location, 1Ki 20:34; appoint a set time Exo 9:5 (J), Job 34:23 (reading מוֺעֵד for עוֺד GHBWr Bu), insert (perhaps) 1Sa 13:8 so Dr Klo HPS ( > insert אמר Th We Bu Kit, after ᵐ5 Tagrum); a place, + ל person Exo 21:13; 2Sa 7:10 = 1Ch 17:9, ל of thing 1Ki 8:21 ( + שָׁם).
c. set, found
a nation, Isa 44:7 (several.), establish it Psa 89:30 (לָעַד).
d. set, appoint (as ruler, official) + עַל person or of a people, Exo 1:11; Exo 5:14; Exo 18:21 (all E), Deu 17:14-15, (3 t. in verse); Jdg 11:11 ( + ל of office), 2Sa 17:25 ( + תַּחַת instead of) + 6 t. + Gen 47:6 (J; second accusative = ruler, expressed), 2Sa 23:23 (אֶל), עַל in || 1Ch 11:25; also 2accusative + ל and ב location Psa 105:21; ב location 2Sa 15:4; 2Ch 33:14, בְּראֹשׁ at the head of, Deu 1:13, Deu 1:2accusative alone Son 1:6; with accusative of person + ל person Gen 27:37 (E), Hos 2:2; 1Sa 8:5 ( + infinitive); + of title Gen 45:8-9, Exo 2:14 ( + עַל; all E) + 4 t. + Jdg 8:33 ( + ל person), + Eze 44:8 (perhaps read וַתְּשִׂימוּם Hi Sm Co and most); + ל of purpose Hab 1:12; + ב of position, ל person 1Sa 8:11; with accusative of office alone 1Sa 8:12 ( + ל person), so Co Eze 21:27 a (שָׂרִים for כָּרִים, see בַּר below כרר), 1Ki 20:24 ( + תחת), compare 2Ch 23:18, + אֶל עַל,, of task Num 4:19 (P); Job 7:20 set me as (ל) mark for (ל) him.
e. set, constitute, make, with כ person or thing, Gen 13:16 (J) I will make thy seed the dust, Gen 32:13 (J) Gen 48:20 (E), Deu 10:22; Hos 11:8 16t. + (bad sense) Hos 2:5; Nah 3:6; 1Ki 19:2.
f. set, determine, fix, bounds Jer 5:22 (2 accusative) Job 38:5, Job 38:33; Psa 104:9; passive determined, settled, + עַלמֶּֿה 2Sa 13:32 (but see II. שׂום); appoint, send, frogs לְפַרְעֹךְ Exo 8:8 (J), with accusative of person + עַל against 2Ki 18:14.
4. a. set, station, at a post, etc., accusative of person Jos 8:13 (JE), + ב location 2Ki 10:24; Jer 9:7 Jer 9:5t., + adverb accusative Gen 33:2 (J), + בֵּין location Jos 8:12, + ל (against) and אַחֲרֵי location Jos 8:2 (both J E), + ל against Jdg 9:25 ( + עַל location), + אֶל against Jdg 20:29, Jdg 20:36; doubtful are 1Sa 15:2 (with ל person), 1Ki 20:12 (twice in verse) (עַלהָֿעִיר), where no object expressed (in MT); eith

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 25 entries

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0