חֵטְא
chêṭᵉʼ · H2399 · Hebrew · 33 occurrences
Meanings
-
guilt
State in which a human being is responsible for a wrongful act against God or someone else, whether committed on purpose or not, which may require atonement, restitution, and/or retribution
ExamplesLeviticus 19:17 ‘You shall not hate your fellow countryman in your heart; you may certainly rebuke your neighbor, but you are not to incur sin because of him.
Leviticus 20:20 ‘If there is a man who sleeps with his uncle’s wife, he has uncovered his uncle’s nakedness; they will bear their sin. They will die childless.
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sin
Action by which a human being commits a wrongful act against God or someone else, whether committed on purpose or not, which may require atonement, restitution, and/or retribution
ExamplesGenesis 41:9 Then the chief cupbearer spoke to Pharaoh, saying, “I would make mention today of my own offenses.
How it’s used In 6 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
19 occurrences in 10 groups
- הוּhis 7
- יmy 3
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- חָטָאto sin 2
- גָּדוֹלgreat, large 1
What it doesIt is the subject
6 occurrences in 1 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 6
What is done to itIt is the object
13 occurrences in 5 groups
- נָשָׂאto lift up, to carry, to bear 9
- זָכַרto remember 1
- חָטָאto sin 1
- נוּחַto rest, to put, to leave 1
- שָׁלַךְto cast, to throw 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אַיִןthere is no, not 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
10 occurrences in 4 groups
- בin/on/with 13
- מִןfrom 2
- עַלon, upon, over, against 2
- כlike/as 2
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- אַשְׁמָה ʼashmâh · H819 · guilt, guilt offering, reparation offering
- Both words cover the territory of offense, sin and trespass; אַשְׁמָה (ʼashmâh, H819) has a sacrificial dimension, "trespass-offering," which חֵטְא (chêṭᵉʼ, H2399) lacks, but the core senses of guilt and sin overlap.
- אָשָׁם ʼâshâm · H817 · guilt, restitution, compensation
- חֵטְא (chêṭᵉʼ, H2399) and אָשָׁם (ʼâshâm, H817) are distinct Hebrew words for sin and guilt, with overlapping meaning in the field of sin and guilt.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἁμαρτία hamartía · G266 · to sin, to engage in wrongdoing, sin
- Greek ἁμαρτία renders Hebrew חֵטְא as the standard translation equivalent for 'sin' across both abstract and concrete senses, forming the primary cross-linguistic correspondence for this semantic field in LXX usage.
- חֲטִי chăṭîy · H2408 · sin
- Hebrew חֵטְא and Aramaic חֲטִי are cognate reflexes of the shared Semitic root *ḥṭʾ, both denoting sin/fault with overlapping semantic range; the Aramaic form appears in Daniel's bilingual sections as the direct linguistic equivalent.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Guilty002003003014
- The noun names the guilt or blameworthiness incurred by wrongdoing, as Jacob asks Laban, "What is my offense? What is my sin?" (Genesis 31:36).
- Sin002003003018
- The noun is the ordinary word for a sin or wrongful act itself, the offense committed against God or another person.
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2399. chet חֵטְא noun masculineDeu 15:9 sin (on formation see Lag BN 142) — ׳ח Lev 19:17…
חֵטְא noun masculineDeu 15:9 sin (on formation see Lag BN 142) — ׳ח Lev 19:17 Lev 19:15t.; suffix חָטְאוֺ Lev 24:15 Lev 24:5t., חֲטָאָו֯ Lam 3:39, חֶטְאָם Lev 20:20; plural חֲטָאִים Ecc 10:4; construct חֲטָאֵי 2Ki 10:29; Eze 23:49; suffix חֲטָאַי Gen 41:9, חֲטָאָ֑י Isa 38:17; Psa 51:11, חֲטָאֵינוּ Dan 9:16; Psa 103:10, חֲטָאֵיכֶם Isa 1:18; —
1 sin:
a. against man Gen 41:9 (E) Ecc 10:4.
b. elsewhere ag. God, absolute Isa 31:7; Hos 12:9; ׳ח חָטָא Lam 1:8 compare Deu 19:15; 2Ki 10:29; ׳ח מות משׁפט sin worthy of death Deu 21:22 = ׳ח מות Deu 22:26; with בְּ, because of, Dan 9:16; God is entreated: hide thy face from my sins Psa 51:11; and it is said in faith, thou wilt cast behind thy back all my sins Isa 38:17.
2 guilt of sin: ב חטא היה sin (the guilt of sin) come on one Deu 15:9; Deu 21:22; Deu 23:22; Deu 23:23; Deu 24:15; מת בחטאו in his sin (guilt) die Num 27:3 (P); בחטאו אישׁ each for his own sin Deu 24:16 = 2Ki 14:16 2Ch 25:4; אמי יחמתני בחטא Psa 51:7 in sin (condition of sin and guilt) my mother conceived me; כשׁנים חטאיכם אם Isa 1:18 though your sins be like scarlet (in guilt); לנו עשׂה כחטאינו לא Psa 103:10 not according to our sins (their guilt) hath he done to us.
3 punishment for sin: ח ׳נשׂא bear sin (its punishment) Lev 20:20; Lev 24:15 (H), Num 9:13; Num 18:22 (P); with עַל, bear sin because of Lev 19:17; Lev 22:9 (H) Num 18:32 (P); bear sins of idols (in worshipping idols) Eze 23:49; the ideal servant of Yahweh bore the sins of many Isa 53:12; without נשׂא, only Lam 3:39 חטאו על גבר (wherefore doth) a man (complain) for the punishment of his sin ?
[חֲטָי] noun [masculine] sin (see Biblical Hebrew חטא); — suffix חֲטָיָךָ Dan 4:24 (Qr חֲטָאָךָ K§ 57 a) β)), < plural (for חַטְיָיךָ) Hi Bev Kmp Behrm, compare || עַוַיָתָ.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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