חַטָּא
chaṭṭâʼ · H2400 · Hebrew · 20 occurrences
Meanings
-
guilty of or to blame for
A human being is responsible for a specified or implied offence, resulting in a state of guilt that may require atonement, restitution and retribution
ExamplesNumbers 16:38 “As for the censers of these men who have sinned at the cost of their own lives, have them made into hammered sheets as plating for the altar, since they did present them before the LORD and they are holy; and they shall serve as a sign to the sons of Israel.”
1 Samuel 15:18 “And the LORD sent you on a mission, and said, ‘Go and completely destroy the sinners, the Amalekites, and fight against them until they are eliminated.’
1 Kings 1:21 “Otherwise it will come about, as soon as my lord the king lies down with his fathers, that I and my son Solomon will be considered offenders.”
-
sinful
A pattern of actions by which humans commit specified or implied offenses, resulting in a state of guilt that may require atonement, restitution and retribution
ExamplesGenesis 13:13 Now the men of Sodom were exceedingly wicked sinners against the LORD.
Proverbs 1:10 My son, if sinners entice you, Do not consent.
Proverbs 13:21 Adversity pursues sinners, But the righteous will be rewarded with prosperity.
How it’s used In 9 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- עַםpeople 1
- הּher 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אֵלֶּהthese 1
Named alongside itApposition
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- אָמַרto say 1
- עֲמָלֵקAmalek 1
What it doesIt is the subject
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- מוּתto die 1
- פָּחַדto be afraid, to tremble 1
- פָּתָהto entice, to deceive 1
- שׁוּבto return, to turn back 1
- תָּמַםto be finished, to come to an end, to perish 1
What is done to itIt is the object
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
- חָרַםto devote to destruction, to utterly destroy 1
- יָרָהto teach, to shoot 1
- רָדַףto pursue, to chase 1
- שָׁמַדto destroy, to exterminate, to wipe out 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- שֶׁבֶרdestruction, fracture 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אִישׁman, person, each 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- בin/on/with 4
- עִםwith 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- דֶּרֶךְway, road 1
- מַחְתָּהfirepan 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- אָשֵׁם ʼâshêm · H818 · guilty, guilt offering, reparation offering
- Both lexemes denote persons characterized by moral/legal fault (offender/sinner vs. faulty/guilty person). The "Guilty" semantic field is tightly scoped, strengthening the signal.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἁμαρτωλός hamartōlós · G268 · sinful, sinning, sinner
- Greek adjective/substantive ἁμαρτωλός functions as the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew חַטָּא, both denoting one who sins or is characterized by sin.
- ἀσεβής asebḗs · G765 · ungodly
- Greek ἀσεβής emphasizes irreverence/impiety toward deity (violation of divine order), whereas Hebrew חַטָּא denotes the broader category of one who sins/misses the mark generally; ἀσεβής is thus a specific type within the חַטָּא semantic field, focused on the godlessness dimension.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Guilty002003003014
- The adjective describes a person who bears the guilt of wrongdoing, one held blameworthy before God or the community.
- Sin002003003018
- The adjective names a habitual sinner, one characterized by sin, as "sinners before the LORD exceedingly" describes the men of Sodom (Genesis 13:13).
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2400. chatta [חַטָּא] adjective and noun masculine 1 sinful, 2 sinners — as feminine…
[חַטָּא] adjective and
noun masculine
1 sinful,
2 sinners — as feminine adjective חַטָּאָה Amo 9:8, elsewhere only plural חַטָּאִים Num 32:14-15t.; construct חַטָּאֵי Amo 9:10; suffix חַטָּאֶיהָ Isa 13:9; —
1. adjective a. sinful men Num 32:14 (J), kingdom Amo 9:8.
b. exposed to condemnation, reckoned as offenders 1Ki 1:21 (compare Hiph`il Participle Isa 29:21). Elsewhere
2. noun masculine sinners Num 17:3 (P), 1Sa 15:18; Amo 9:10; Isa 1:28; Isa 13:9; Psa 1:1, Psa 1:5; Psa 25:8; Psa 26:9; Psa 51:15; Psa 104:35; Pro 1:10; Pro 13:21; Pro 23:17; ׳ח ליהוה sinners against ׳י Gen 13:13 (J).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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