חֲטָאָה
chăṭâʼâh · H2401 · Hebrew · 8 occurrences
Meanings
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guilt
The state in which a human being is responsible for a wrongful act against God or someone else, whether committed on purpose or not, which may require atonement, restitution, and/or retribution
ExamplesGenesis 20:9 Then Abimelech called Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? And how have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? You have done to me things that ought not to be done.”
Exodus 32:21 Then Moses said to Aaron, “What did this people do to you, that you have brought such a great sin upon them?”
Exodus 32:30 And on the next day Moses said to the people, “You yourselves have committed a great sin; and now I am going up to the LORD; perhaps I can make atonement for your sin.”
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sin offering
Action by which a human being brings a sacrifice with the intention of making atonement for a wrongful act against God, whether committed on purpose or not
ExamplesPsalm 40:6 You have not desired sacrifice and meal offering; You have opened my ears; You have not required burnt offering and sin offering.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
5 occurrences in 1 groups
- גָּדוֹלgreat, large 5
What is done to itIt is the object
5 occurrences in 3 groups
- חָטָאto sin 2
- בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 2
- שָׁאַלto ask, to inquire, to request 1
Second object ofSecond object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- חָטָאto sin 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- כָּסָהto cover 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- אַשְׁמָה ʼashmâh · H819 · guilt, guilt offering, reparation offering
- חֲטָאָה (sin offering) addresses unintentional sins and ritual impurity; אַשְׁמָה (guilt/trespass offering) addresses violations requiring restitution and specific categories of trespass.
In the other Testament 3 words
- ἁμαρτία hamartía · G266 · to sin, to engage in wrongdoing, sin
- Greek ἁμαρτία (hamartía, G266) serves as the standard Septuagint rendering of Hebrew חֲטָאָה (chăṭâʼâh, H2401), maintaining both the abstract sense of sin as moral failure and the concrete sacrificial offering context where the sin offering ritual atones for transgression—the Greek term's semantic range encompasses both dimensions that the Hebrew lexeme expresses.
- חַטָּאָה chaṭṭâʼâh · H2402 · sin
- Aramaic cognate reflex of the Hebrew root, preserving the same semantic range of 'sin (offering)' across the sister languages.
- חֲטָּיָא chăṭṭâyâʼ · H2409 · sin, sin-offering
- Aramaic cognate of the Hebrew term, denoting the same concept of a sin offering in cultic/sacrificial contexts.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Guilty002003003014
- The noun names the guilt incurred by sin that the offering described below is meant to address.
- Sacrifice002003002021
- The noun's technical use names the sin offering itself, the sacrifice prescribed to atone for unintentional wrongdoing (Numbers 15:24-27).
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2401. chataah חֲטָאָה noun feminine sin, sin-offering (?) — 1 sin, chiefly in the phrase…
חֲטָאָה noun feminine sin, sin-offering (?) —
1 sin, chiefly in the phrase ׳ח גְדֹלָה great sin Gen 20:9 (E) Exo 32:21, Exo 32:30, Exo 32:31 (JE), 2Ki 17:21; ח ׳כְּסוּי Psa 32:1 he whose sin is covered is blessed; but the prayer of the wicked becomes sin when he is judged Psa 109:7.
2 sin-offering (according to most) וחטאה עולה Psa 40:7 whole burnt-offering and sin-offering (so Vrss Thes MV SS and others, but < whole burnt-offering with sin see Br MP 329).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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