אַשְׁמָה
ʼashmâh · H819 · Hebrew · 19 occurrences
Meanings
-
guilt
State of being responsible for an unlawful deed, that was committed either knowingly or unknowingly
ExamplesLeviticus 4:3 if the anointed priest sins so as to bring guilt on the people, then he is to offer to the LORD a bull without defect as a sin offering for his sin which he has committed.
Leviticus 22:16 and thereby bring upon them punishment for guilt by eating their holy gifts; for I am the LORD who sanctifies them.’”
1 Chronicles 21:3 But Joab said, “May the LORD add to His people a hundred times as many as they are! My lord the king, are they not all my lord’s servants? Why does my lord seek this thing? Why should he be a cause of guilt to Israel?”
-
guilt offering, reparation offering
Sacrifice brought to compensate for what the deity should have received, but what was not given
ExamplesLeviticus 6:5 or anything about which he swore falsely; he shall make restitution for it in full and add to it a fifth more. He shall give it to the one to whom it belongs on the day he presents his guilt offering.
-
Ashmah, Ashima, The Name
Ashmah, also known as Ashima, an epithet of a deity worshiped by the people of Hamath who settled in Samaria
ExamplesAmos 8:14 “As for those who swear by the guilt of Samaria, And say, ‘As your god lives, Dan,’ And, ‘As the way of Beersheba lives,’ They will fall and not rise again.”
How it’s used In 8 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
12 occurrences in 8 groups
- נוּour 4
- הֶםtheir 2
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 1
- יִשְׂרָאֵלIsrael 1
- עַםpeople 1
- שֹׁמְרוֹןSamaria 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- גָּדוֹלgreat, large 2
- זֹאתthis 1
- רַבmany, great 1
What it doesIt is the subject
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- גָּדַלto be great, to grow up, to magnify 1
- כָּחַדto hide, to cut off 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- רָבָהto increase 1
What it is said to bePredicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- נוּus 1
- כֶםyou 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אֲנַחְנוּwe 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
12 occurrences in 3 groups
- לto/for 8
- בin/on/with 7
- עַלon, upon, over, against 4
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- יוֹםday, time 1
- עָוֺןiniquity 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 3 words
- עָוֺן ʻâvôn · H5771 · iniquity
- Both words denote wrongdoing and sin, and could substitute in contexts of guilt or offense. אַשְׁמָה (ʼashmâh, H819) focuses more narrowly on trespass and guilt-offering contexts, while עָוֺן (ʻâvôn, H5771) is broader and far more frequent, but their core senses overlap.
- חֵטְא chêṭᵉʼ · H2399 · guilt, sin
- Both lexemes cover offense, sin, or trespass territory. אַשְׁמָה (ʼashmâh, H819) has an additional sacrificial-offering dimension ("trespass-offering") that חֵטְא (chêṭᵉʼ, H2399) lacks, but the core guilt/sin senses genuinely overlap, making them near-synonyms in Hebrew usage.
- חֲטָאָה chăṭâʼâh · H2401 · guilt, sin offering
- חֲטָאָה (sin offering) addresses unintentional sins and ritual impurity; אַשְׁמָה (guilt/trespass offering) addresses violations requiring restitution and specific categories of trespass.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Guilty002003003014
- אַשְׁמָה names guilt or an offense, as in the priest's sin bringing guilt on the people in the Levitical sin-offering instructions.
- Sacrifice002003002021
- The word is closely tied to the guilt or sin offering brought to atone for the wrongdoing it names.
- Names of Deities003001004
- In at least one attested sense, אַשְׁמָה also carries an association with a false god or object of guilty worship.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H819. ashmah אַשְׁמָה noun feminine wrong-doing, guiltiness (properly Infinitive compare…
אַשְׁמָה noun feminine wrong-doing, guiltiness (properly Infinitive compare יִרְאָה אַהֲבָה,) — ׳א Lev 22:16 Lev 22:5t., construct אַשְׁמַת Ezr 10:10 Ezr 10:3t.; suffix אַשְׁמָתוֺ Leviticus 5:24 Lev 5:6t.; plural אֲשָׁמוֺת2Ch 28:10; suffix אַשְׁמוֺתַי Psa 69:6; —
1 doing wrong, committing a trespass or offence2Ch 24:18; 2Ch 28:10, 2Ch 28:13 (3 t. in verse) (|| חטאת 2Ch 28:13) 2Ch 32:23; Ezr 9:6-7, Ezr 9:13, Ezr 9:15 (|| עָוֺן Ezr 9:13) Psa 69:6 (|| אִוֶּלָת); בָהּ לְאַשְׁמָה יַעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר מִכֹּל of all that one may do wrong therein Leviticus 5:26 (P; || בָהֵנָּה לַחֲטֹא Lev 6:22).
2 becoming guilty 1Ch 21:3; Ezr 10:10, Ezr 10:19; הָעָם לְאַשְׁמַת יֶחֱטָא sin to the becoming guilty of the people (so that the people incur guilt) Lev 4:3; שֹׁמְרוֺן אַשְׁמַת guilt of Samaria (their idols) Amo 8:14.
3 bringing a trespass-offering, אַשְׁמָתוֺ בְּיוֺם in the day of his bringing his trespass-offering Leviticus 5:24; אַשְׁמָה עֲוֺן iniquity requiring a trespass-offering Lev 22:16.
אַשְׁמוּרָה (מֹֿרֶת מֻֿרוֺת,) see שׁמר.
אַשְׁמַנִּים see שׁמן. p. 1032.
אשׁן (√ assumed for following; perhaps be hard, firm, compare Aramaic אֲשִׁינָא אֲשׁוּנָא,, something firm).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org.