עָוֺן
ʻâvôn · H5771 · Hebrew · 231 occurrences
Meanings
-
iniquity
A deed of deliberate wrongdoing resulting in a state of guilt which requires punishment
ExamplesGenesis 4:13 Cain said to the LORD, “My punishment is too great to endure!
Genesis 15:16 “Then in the fourth generation they will return here, for the wrongdoing of the Amorite is not yet complete.”
Genesis 19:15 When morning dawned, the angels urged Lot, saying, “Up, take your wife and your two daughters who are here, or you will be swept away in the punishment of the city.”
How it’s used In 10 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
187 occurrences in 38 groups
- הֶםtheir 41
- הוּhis 21
- יmy 18
- אָבfather 17
- נוּour 15
- כֶםyour 10
- Other words · 26 groups that occur once or twice (29) 29
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
10 occurrences in 9 groups
- Other words · 9 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
Named alongside itApposition
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- פָּלִילjudge 1
What it doesIt is the subject
30 occurrences in 23 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 5
- כָּפַרto make atonement, to atone, to forgive 4
- Other words · 21 groups that occur once or twice (21) 21
What is done to itIt is the object
84 occurrences in 25 groups
- נָשָׂאto lift up, to carry, to bear 29
- פָּקַדto number, to punish 11
- זָכַרto remember 10
- עָבַרto pass 4
- יָדָהto give thanks, to praise, to confess 3
- מָצָאto find 3
- Other words · 19 groups that occur once or twice (24) 24
Second object ofSecond object
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- יָרַשׁto possess, to drive out, to inherit 1
- נָשָׂאto lift up, to carry, to bear 1
What it is said to bePredicate
13 occurrences in 8 groups
- נִיme 4
- גָּדוֹלgreat, large 2
- יֵשׁthere is, there are 2
- מָהwhat?, why? 2
- בַּיִתhouse, household 1
- מְעַטfew 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 2
- חֵמָהwrath, fury 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
74 occurrences in 6 groups
- בin/on/with 65
- מִןfrom 30
- לto/for 18
- עַלon, upon, over, against 17
- כlike/as 6
- אֵלto, toward 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
18 occurrences in 8 groups
- מִכְשׁוֹלstumbling block 5
- רֹבmultitude, abundance, numerous 5
- עֵתtime, moment, period 3
- דָּבָרword, thing, matter 1
- יָדhand, power 1
- מִשְׁנֶהdouble 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- רִשְׁעָה rishʻâh · H7564 · wicked deeds, wickedness
- Both words denote moral fault and wrongdoing in the range of sin and iniquity.
- אַשְׁמָה ʼashmâh · H819 · guilt, guilt offering, reparation offering
- Both words denote wrongdoing or sin and could substitute in contexts of guilt or offense. אַשְׁמָה (ʼashmâh, H819) focuses more narrowly on trespass and guilt-offering contexts, while עָוֺן (ʻâvôn, H5771) is broader.
In the other Testament 4 words
- ἀδικία adikía · G93 · unjust deed, unrighteousness, doing what is unjust
- Greek ἀδικία emphasizes the injustice or wrongfulness dimension of sin (legal/moral unrighteousness), whereas Hebrew עָוֺן focuses on iniquity as guilt, moral fault, or the punishment that follows from sin.
- ἀνομία anomía · G458 · to live lawlessly, lawlessness, lawless living
- Greek ἀνομία emphasizes the aspect of lawlessness or violation of divine law, whereas Hebrew עָוֺן encompasses the broader semantic range of iniquity including its guilt, consequences, and punishment; ἀνομία specifically renders the legal-violation dimension of עָוֺן in LXX translation practice.
- ἁμαρτία hamartía · G266 · to sin, to engage in wrongdoing, sin
- ἁμαρτία (hamartía, G266) serves as the standard Greek rendering of עָוֺן (ʻâvôn, H5771) in LXX contexts, both denoting sin/iniquity in its abstract sense, though עָוֺן (ʻâvôn, H5771)'s Hebrew range extends more explicitly to encompass the punishment-consequence of sin while ἁμαρτία (hamartía, G266) focuses on the sin-act itself.
- עִוְיָא ʻivyâʼ · H5758 · iniquity
- Aramaic cognate of Hebrew עָוֺן, preserving the core sense of 'iniquity' across the sister languages of the Old Testament corpus.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Sin002003003018
- עָוֺן denotes iniquity or wrongdoing itself, as in Genesis 15:16's reference to "the wrongdoing of the Amorite."
- Guilty002003003014
- The word also carries the sense of guilt incurred by wrongdoing, as in Genesis 44:16's "God has found out the guilt of your servants."
- Chastise002003002005
- עָוֺן frequently denotes the punishment that follows iniquity, as in Genesis 4:13's "my punishment is too great to endure" and Exodus 20:5's "inflicting the punishment of the fathers."
Word family 7 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5771. avon עָוֺן noun masculineIsa 22:14 iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity; —…
עָוֺן noun masculineIsa 22:14 iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity; — ׳ע absolute Exodus 21:43 +; עָווֺן 2Ki 7:9; Psa 51:7; construct עֲוֺן Gen 15:16 +; עֲווֺן 1Ch 21:8; suffix עֲוֺנִי Gen 4:13 + (2Sa 16:12 read בְּעָנְיִי), עֲוֺנְךָ Hos 9:7 +; עֲוֺנֵ֑כִי Psa 103:3; עֲוֺ֔נָהֿ Num 15:31 (Ges§ 91e), etc.; plural עֲוֺנוֺת absolute Psa 130:3 +, construct Job 13:26 +; עַוֺנֹת absolute Psa 65:4, construct Lev 16:21 +; suffix עֲוֺנֹתֶיךָ Isa 43:24, עֲוֺנֹתֵיכֶם Num 14:34 +, etc.; also עֲוֺנֶיךָ Eze 28:18; עֲוֺנֵינוּ Isa 64:6 +, etc. (SS doubt all these); —
1 iniquity, Job 15:5; Job 20:27; Jer 11:10; Jer 14:7; Jer 16:17; Lam 2:14; Eze 7:13; || חטאת 1Sa 20:1; Job 13:23; Isa 5:18; Isa 43:24; Isa 59:2; Jer 5:25; Jer 16:10; Lam 4:6, Lam 4:13; Dan 9:16; Hos 4:8; Hos 13:12; || פשׁע Job 14:17; Job 31:33; Psa 107:17; Isa 50:1; Isa 53:5; || אשׁמה Ezr 9:6-7, Ezr 9:13; רעה Job 22:5; Hos 7:1
a. ׳ע נְעוּרַי Job 13:26 iniquities of my youth; ׳ע חֶרֶב Job 19:29 iniquities calling for the sword; ׳ע מְּלִילִי(םׅ Job 31:11, Job 31:28 iniquity for (to be punished by) judges; עֲוֺנֹתָם שְׁתֵּי Hos 10:10 (so read Vrss Hi and others); בע ׳כשׁל stumble by iniquity Hos 5:5; Hos 14:2; compare ע ׳מִכְשׁוֺל Eze 7:19; Eze 14:3-4, Eze 14:7; Eze 18:30; Eze 44:12; לכלעֿון Deu 19:15; מע ׳אשׁתמרה 2Sa 22:24 = Psa 18:24. אֲשֶׁרחֵֿטְא עָוֺן Hos 12:9.
b. iniquity as recognized, ע ׳ידע 1Sa 3:13; Isa 59:12; Jer 3:13; Jer 14:20; confessed, ע ׳התודה Lev 16:21; Lev 26:40 (twice in verse) (P), Neh 9:2; ע ׳הגיד Psa 38:19; ע כסה ׳לא Psa 32:5; brought to remembrance, ע ׳הזכיר Num 5:15 (P) 1Ki 17:18; Eze 21:28; Eze 21:29; Eze 29:16; causing shame, מע ׳יִכָּֽלְמוּ Eze 43:10; turned from, מע ׳שׁוּב Dan 9:13, compare מע ׳השׁיב Mal 2:6.
c. (1) phrases of punishment: ע ׳פקד על Exo 20:5 = Deu 5:9; Exo 34:7; Num 14:18 (J), Lev 18:25 (H) 2Sa 3:8; Isa 13:11; Isa 26:21; Jer 25:12; Jer 36:31; Amo 3:2; without על, Lam 4:22, ע ׳פקד ב Psa 89:33; Job 11:6 see [II. נשׁא]; ע על ׳יסּר Psa 39:12 chastise for iniquity; ע לנגדךָ׳שַׁתָּ֯ Psa 90:8 set our iniquities before thee; כע ׳גמל Psa 103:10; ע ׳שׁמר Psa 130:3; ע ׳שׁלּם Isa 65:7 (twice in verse); Jer 16:18; Jer 32:18; בע ׳מַטְבֵּחַ Isa 14:21; (2) of forgiveness or removal: ע העביר 2Sa 24:10 = 1Ch 21:8; Job 7:21; Zec 3:4; ע ׳משׁתי Zec 3:9 לע ׳סלח Exo 34:9; Num 14:19 (J), Psa 25:11; Psa 103:3; Jer 31:34; Jer 33:8; Jer 36:3; ע ׳נשׂא Exo 34:7; Num 14:18 (J), Psa 32:5; Psa 85:3; Isa 33:24; Hos 14:3; Mic 7:18; ע ׳סר Isa 6:7; ע ׳יכבושׁ Mic 7:19; (3) of covering over, ע על ׳כסה Nehemiah 3:37; ע ׳כמּר Psa 78:38; Pro 16:6; Isa 22:14; Isa 27:9; Dan 9:24; ע על ׳כמּר Jer 18:23; ע ׳יתכמּר 1Sa 3:14; (4) of cleansing from: מע ׳כבּס Psa 51:4; ע ׳מחה Psa 51:11; מע ׳טהר Jer 33:8; Eze 36:33; (5) of imputing, reckoning to one: ע ׳חשׁב ל 2Sa 19:20; Psa 32:2; ע ׳זכר (לׅ Psa 79:8; Isa 64:8; Jer 14:10; Hos 8:13; Hos 9:9; ע ׳יִזָּכֵר Psa 109:14; (ל)ע ׳בקשׁ Job 10:6; Jer 50:20; -6מע ׳פדה Psa 130:8 ransom from iniquity.
2 Guilt of iniquity (not always easy to distinguished from
1; SS give more, Buhl fewer, sub
2); — || תועבות Eze 36:31; || דם Isa 59:3; || חמס Eze 9:9; ׳ע פעור Jos 22:17 (P); ׳ע סדם Eze 16:49; ׳ע בצעוֺ Isa 57:17; עונם שְׁנֵי Eze 4:4; לְפָנַי עֲוֺנֵךְ נִכְתָּם Jer 2:22 the guilt of thine iniquity is marked before me; ע ׳מצא Gen 44:16 (E) Psa 36:3.
a. ׳ע בְ: guilt of iniquity upon one Num 15:31 (P) 1Sa 20:8; 2Sa 14:32; ע ׳לא לִי Job 33:9 (|| זַךְ); בליעֿון Psa 59:5 without my guilt.
b. guilt, as great, increased: עָוֺן רֹב Jer 13:22; Jer 30:14-15, Eze 28:18; Hos 9:7; ע ׳לֹאשָֿׁלֵם Gen 15:16 (J); ׳ע ראֹשִׁי עָֽבְרוּ Psa 38:5; ׳ע יְסוּבֵּנִי עֲקֵבַי Psa 49:6; ׳ע הִשִּׂיגוּנִי Psa 40:13; ׳ע מני גברו Psa 65:4; ע כֶּבֶד ׳עַם Isa 1:4; ׳בע נלקח Eze 33:6.
c. as a condition, ׳בע: with חוללתי was I brought forth Psa 51:7; with גָּוַע expire Jos 22:20 (P); with מות die Jer 31:30; Eze 3:18-19, Eze 18:17-18, Eze 33:8-9,.
3 Consequence of, or punishment for, iniquity (SS include most of these under 2, and do not recognize
3; Buhl thinks this meaning rare, giving only Gen 4:13; Isa 5:18); — הזה בדבר ע יִקְּ֯רֵךְ ׳אִם 1Sa 28:10 no punishment shall happen unto thee for, etc.; ע ׳נשׂא bear the punishment for iniquity of others Exo 28:38; Lev 10:17 (take away ׳ע Di Nowii. 233 n.) Lev 16:22; Num 30:16 (P), Eze 4:4-5, Eze 4:6; ׳בע Eze 18:19-20, (twice in verse); one's own, Exo 28:43; Lev 5:1, Lev 5:17; Lev 7:18; Lev 17:16; Lev 19:8; Lev 20:17, Lev 20:19; Lev 22:16; Num 5:31; Num 14:34; Num 18:1 (twice in verse); Num 18:23 (P), Eze 14:10; Eze 44:10, Eze 44:12; ע מנשׂוא׳גדול Gen 4:13 (J) my punishment is greater than I can bear; עֲוֺנָהּ נִרְצָה Isa 40:2 her punishment is accepted, compare ע ׳רצה Lev 26:41, Lev 26:43 (H); ע ׳ומצאנוּ 2Ki 7:9 punishment will overtake us; ע ׳תנה ע ׳על Psa 69:28 add punishment to their punishment; ׳ע יסבל הוא Isa 53:11 the consequences of their iniquities he shall bear, compare ׳ע סָבָ֑לְנוּ Lam 5:7; ע בו ׳הפגיע Isa 53:6; מע ׳נִקָּה freed from punishment Num 5:31 (P) Job 10:14; העון אני בי 1Sa 25:24 on me the punishment; הע ׳עלי 2Sa 14:9; ׳בע with various verbs: Gen 19:15 (J) Lev 26:39 (twice in verse) (H) Psa 31:11; Psa 106:43; Jer 51:6; Eze 4:17; Eze 7:16; Eze 24:23; Eze 39:23; ע ׳עת קץ Eze 21:30; Ezekiel 21:34; Eze 35:5; see also: Pro 5:22 (|| חטאת חַבְלֵי), Isa 30:13; Isa 64:5; Isa 64:6; Lam 4:22; Eze 4:4; Eze 14:10 (twice in verse); Eze 32:27.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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