γίνομαι

(in Ionic prose writings and in common Greek from Aristotle, on for Attic γίγνομαι); (imperfect ἐγινόμην); future γενήσομαι; 2 aorist ἐγενόμην (often in 3 person singular optative γένοιτο; (participle γεναμενος, Lk 24:22 Tdf. edition 7)), and, with no difference in significance, 1 aorist passive ἐγενήθην, rejected by the Atticists (cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 108f; (Thomas Magister, Ritschl edition, p. 75, 6f)), not rare in later Greek, common in the Sept. (Acts 4:4; 1 Thess 2:14; 1 Cor 15:10, etc.), imperative γενηθήτω (Mt 6:10; Mt 15:28, etc.); perfect γεγένημαι and γέγονα, 3 person plural γέγοναν L T Tr WH in Rom 16:7 and Rev 21:6 (cf. (Tdf. Proleg., p. 124; WHs Appendix, p. 166; Sophocles Lexicon, p. 37f; Curtius, Das Verbum, 2:187); Winers Grammar, 36 and 76f (73f); Mullach, p. 16; Buttmann, 43 (37f)), (participle γεγονώς); pluperfect 3 person singular ἐγεγόνει (Jn 6:17 (not Tdf.); Acts 4:22 (where L T Tr WH γεγόνει, cf. Winers Grammar, § 12, 9; Buttmann, 33 (29); Tdf.s note on the passage)); to become, and
1. to become, i. e. to come into existence, begin to be, receive being: absolutely, Jn 1:15, Jn 1:30 (ἔμπροσθεν μου γέγονεν); Jn 8:58 (πρίν Ἀβραάμ γενέσθαι); 1 Cor 15:37 (τό σῶμα τό γενησόμενον); ἐκ τίνος, to be born, Rom 1:3 (ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυίδ); Gal 4:4 (ἐκ γυναικός); Mt 21:19 (μηκέτι ἐκ σου καρπός γένηται, come from); of the origin of all things, Heb 11:3; διά τίνος, Jn 1:3, Jn 1:10. to rise, arise, come on, appear, of occurrences in nature or in life: as γίνεται βροντή, Jn 12:29; ἀστραπή, Rev 8:5; σεισμός, Rev. (Rev 6:12; ); ; γαλήνη, Mt 8:26; Mk 4:39; Lk 8:24; λαῖλαψ, Mk 4:37; γογγυσμός, Acts 6:1; ζήτησις, Jn 3:25 (followed by ἐκ of origin; στάσις καί ζήτησις), Acts 15:2 (Griesbach questions ζήτησις, Rec. reads συζήτησις); πόλεμος, Rev 12:7; ἡ βασιλεία (or αἱ βασιλεῖαι) κτλ., Rev 11:15; Rev 12:10; χαρά, Acts 8:8, and in many other examples Here belong also the phrases γίνεται ἡμέρα it becomes day, day comes on, Lk 4:42; Lk 6:13; Lk 22:66; Acts 12:18; Acts 16:35; Acts 23:12; Acts 27:29, Acts 27:33, Acts 27:39; γίνεσθαι ὀψέ evening comes, Mk 11:19, equivalent to γίνεσθαι ὀψία, Mt 8:16; Mt 14:15, Mt 14:23; Mt 16:2 (T brackets WH reject the passage); ; Mk 14:17; Jn 6:16, etc.; πρωΐα, Mt 27:1; Jn 21:4; νύξ, Acts 27:27 (cf. under the word ἐπιγίνομαι 2); σκοτία, Jn 6:17 (not Tdf.). Hence,
2. to become equivalent to to come to pass, happen, of events;
a. universally: Mt 5:18; Mt 24:6, Mt 24:20, Mt 24:34; Lk 1:20; Lk 12:54; Lk 21:28; Jn 1:28; Jn 13:19, etc.; τοῦτο γέγονεν, ἵνα etc. this hath come to pass that etc., Mt 1:22; Mt 21:4; Mt 26:56; τά γενόμενα or γινόμενα, Mt 18:31; Mt 27:54; Mt 28:11; Lk 23:48; (cf. τά γενόμενα ἀγαθά, Heb 9:11 L WH text Tr marginal reading); τό γενόμενον, Lk 23:47; τό γεγονός, Mk 5:14; Lk 24:12 (T omits; L Tr brackets; WH reject the verse); Acts 4:21; τό ῤῆμα τό γεγονός, Lk 2:15; τά μέλλοντα γίνεσθαι, Lk 21:36; Acts 26:22; τήν ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι, 2 Tim 2:18; θανάτου γενομένου a death having taken place (German nacherfolgtemTode), Heb 9:15. μή γένοιτο, a formula especially frequent in Paul (and in Epictetus, cf. Schweigh. Index Graec. in Epictetus, p. 392), "Far be it! God forbid!" (cf. Morison, Exposition of Romans 3, p. 31f): Lk 20:16; Rom 3:4, Rom 3:6, Rom 3:31; Rom 6:2, Rom 6:15; Rom 7:7, Rom 7:13; Rom 9:14; Rom 11:1, Rom 11:11; 1 Cor 6:15; Gal 2:17; Gal 3:21 (equivalent to חָלִילָה, Josh 22:29, etc.); cf. Sturz, De dial. Maced. etc., p. 204f; τί γέγονεν, ὅτι etc. what has come to pass, that etc. equivalent to for what reason, why? Jn 14:22 (τί ἐγένετο, ὅτι... Eccl 7:11 (10); τί ἐστιν, ὡς etc., Euripides, Troad. 889).
b. Very common in the first three Gospels, especially that of Luke, and in the Acts, is the phrase καί ἐγένετο (וַיְהִי followed by וְ); cf. Winers Grammar, § 65, 4 e. (also § 44, 3 c.), and especially Buttmann, § 141, 6. (a.) καί ἐγένετο καί with a finite verb: Mk 2:15 ((Tr text καί γίνεται), T WH καί γίνεται (followed by the accusative and infinitive)); Lk 2:15 (R G L brackets Tr brackets); Lk 8:1; Lk 14:1; Lk 17:11; Lk 19:15; (WH brackets καί); followed by καί ἰδού, Mt 9:10 (T omits καί before ἰδού; Lk 24:4. (b.) much more often καί is not repeated: Mt 7:28; Mk 4:4; Lk 1:23; 2:( T WH), ; Lk 6:12; Lk 7:11; Lk 9:18, Lk 9:33, Lk 11:1, Lk 19:29, Lk 24:30. (g.) καί ἐγένετο followed by the accusative with an infinitive: Mk 2:23 (Winer's Grammar, 578 (537) note); Lk 6:1, Lk 6:6 (R G ἐγένετο δέ καί).
c. In like manner ἐγένετο δέ (a.) followed by καί with a finite verb: Lk 5:1; Lk 9:28 (WH text omits; L brackets καί, ; R G T, L Tr marginal reading brackets καί); Acts 5:7. (b.) ἐγένετο δέ followed by a finite verb without καί: Lk 1:8; Lk 2:1, Lk 2:6; ( R G L); (WH Tr text omit ἐγένετο); Lk 9:37; Lk 11:14, Lk 11:27. γ. ἐγένετο δέ followed by the accusative with an infinitive: Lk 3:21; (Lk 6:1, Lk 6:6 L T Tr WH, T Tr WH); ; Acts 4:5; Acts 9:3 (without δέ), Acts 9:32, Acts 9:37; R G; ; (Acts 16:16; ); (). (d.) ἐγένετο δέ (ὡς δέ ἐγένετο) followed by τοῦ with an infinitive: Acts 10:25 (Rec. omits τοῦ), cf. Meyer at the passage and Winers Grammar, 328 (307); (Buttmann, 270 (232)).
d. with the dative of person to occur or happen to one, befall one: followed by an infinitive, Acts 20:16; ἐάν γένηται (namely, αὐτῷ) εὑρεῖν αὐτό, if it happen to him, Mt 18:13; ἐμοί δέ μή γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι far be it from me to glory, Gal 6:14 (Gen 44:7, Gen 44:17; 1 Kgs 20:3 (); Alciphron, epistles 1, 26); followed by the accusative with an infinitive it happened to me, that etc.: Acts 11:26 L T Tr WH (but the accusative implied); Acts 22:6, Acts 22:17 (cf. Winers Grammar, 323 (303); Buttmann, 305 (262)); with adverbs, go, fare (German ergehen): εὖ, Eph 6:3 (μή γένοιτο σοι οὕτω κακῶς, Aelian v. h. 9, 36). with specification of the thing befalling one: τί γέγονεν (L T Tr text WH ἐγένετο) αὐτῷ, Acts 7:40 (from Ex 32:1); ἐγένετο (L T Tr WH ἐγίνετο) πάσῃ ψυχή φόβος fear came upon, Acts 2:43. — Mk 4:11; Mk 9:21; Lk 19:9; Jn 5:14; Jn 15:7; Rom 11:25; 1 Cor 4:5; 2 Cor 1:8 (G L T Tr WH omit the dative); 2 Tim 3:11; 1 Pet 4:12; with the ellipsis of ἡμῖν, Jn 1:17. ἐγένετο (αὐτῷ) γνώμη a purpose occurred to him, he determined, Acts 20:3 (Buttmann, 268 (230), but T Tr WH read ἐγένετο γνώμης; see below, 5 e. (a.)). followed by prepositions: ἐπ' αὐτῇ upon (German bei oran) her, Mk 5:33 (R G L brackets); εἰς τινα, Acts 28:6.
3. to arise, appear in history, come upon the stage: of men appearing in public, Mk 1:4; Jn 1:6 (on which two passages compare Winers Grammar, 350 (328); Buttmann, 308f (264f)); 2 Pet 2:1; γεγόνασι, have arisen and now exist, 1 Jn 2:18.
4. to be made, done, finished: τά ἔργα, Heb 4:3; διά χειρῶν, of things fabricated, Acts 19:26; of miracles to be performed, wrought: διά τῶν χειρῶν τίνος, Mk 6:2; διά τίνος, Acts 2:43; Acts 4:16, Acts 4:30; Acts 12:9; ὑπό τίνος, Lk 9:7 (R L (but the latter brackets ὑπ' αὐτοῦ)); Lk 13:17; Lk 23:8; γενόμενα εἰς τήν Καφαρναούμ done unto (on) Capernaum i. e. for its benefit (Winers Grammar, 416 (388); (cf. Buttmann, 333 (286))), Lk 4:23 (Rec. ἐν τῇ Καφαρναούμ) of commands, decisions, purposes, requests, etc. to be done, executed: Mt 6:10; Mt 21:21; Mt 26:42; Mk 11:23; Lk 14:22; Lk 23:24; Acts 21:14; γενήσεται ὁ λόγος will be accomplished the saying, 1 Cor 15:54. joined to nouns implying a certain action: ἡ ἀπώλεια γέγονε, Mk 14:4; ἀπογραφή, Lk 2:2; ἐπαγγελία γενομένη ὑπό Θεοῦ given by God, Acts 26:6; ἀνάκρισις, Acts 25:26; νόμου μετάθεσις, Heb 7:12; ἄφεσις, Heb 9:22. of institutions, laws, etc. to be established, enacted: τό σάββατον ἐγένετο, the institution of the Sabbath, Mk 2:27; ὁ νόμος, Gal 3:17; οὗ γέγονεν οὕτως hath not been so ordained, Mt 19:8. of feasts, marriages, entertainments, to be kept, celebrated: τό πάσχα, Mt 26:2 (equivalent to נַעֲשֶׂה, 2 Kgs 23:22); τό σάββατον, Mk 6:2; τά ἐγκαίνια, Jn 10:22; (γενεσίοις γενομένοις (cf. Winers Grammar, § 31, 9 b.; R G γενεσίων ἀγομένων), Mt 14:6) (τά Ὀλυμπια, Xenophon, Hell. 7, 4, 28; Ἰσθμια, 4, 5, 1); γάμος, Jn 2:1. οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί so done with me, in my case, 1 Cor 9:15.
5. to become, be made, "in passages where it is specified who or what a person or thing is or has been rendered, as respects quality, condition, place, rank, character" (Wahl, Clavis Apocr. V. T., p. 101).
a. with a predicate added, expressed by a substantive or an adjective: οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι ἄρτοι γένωνται, Mt 4:3; Lk 4:3; ὕδωρ οἶνον γεγενημένον, Jn 2:9; ἀρχιερεύς γενόμενος, Heb 6:20; διάκονος, Col 1:25; ὁ λόγος σάρξ ἐγένετο, Jn 1:14; ἀνήρ, 1 Cor 13:11, and many other examples; χάρις οὐκέτι γίνεται χάρις grace ceases to have the nature of grace, can no longer be called grace, Rom 11:6; ἄκαρπος γίνεται, Mt 13:22; Mk 4:19; — in Mt 17:2; Lk 8:17; Jn 5:6, and many other places. contextually, to show oneself, prove oneself: Lk 10:36; Lk 19:17; Lk 24:19; Rom 11:34; Rom 16:2; 2 Cor 1:18 Rec.; 1 Thess 1:6; 1 Thess 2:7; Heb 11:6, etc.; especially in exhortations: γίνεσθε, Mt 10:16; Mt 24:44; Lk 6:36; Eph 4:32; Col 3:15; μή γίνου, Jn 20:27; μή γίνεσθε, Mt 6:16; Eph 5:7, Eph 5:17; 1 Cor 10:7; μή γινώμεθα, Gal 5:26; hence, used declaratively, equivalent to to be found, shown: Lk 13:2 (that it was shown by their fate that they were sinners); Rom 3:4; 2 Cor 7:14; — γίνομαι τίνι τίς to show oneself (to be) someone to one: 1 Cor 9:20, 1 Cor 9:22.
b. with an interrogative pronoun as predicate: τί ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο what had become of Peter, Acts 12:18 (cf. use of τί ἐγένετο in Act. Phil. in Hell. § 23, Tdf. Acta apost. apocr., p. 104).
c. γίνεσθαι ὡς or ὡσεί τινα to become as or like to one: Mt 10:25; Mt 18:3; Mt 28:4; Mk 9:26; Lk 22:44 (L brackets WH reject the passage); Rom 9:29 (from Isa 1:9); 1 Cor 4:13; Gal 4:12.
d. γινεσθα εἰς τί to become i. e. be changed into something, come to be, issue in, something (German zuetwaswerden): ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλήν γωνίας, Mt 21:42; Mk 12:10; Lk 20:17; Acts 4:11; 1 Pet 2:7 — all after Psalm 117:22 (Ps. 118>). Lk 13:19 (εἰς δένδρον μέγα); Jn 16:20; Acts 5:36; Rom 11:9 (from Ps 68:23 (Ps 68:23); 1 Thess 3:5; Rev 8:11; Rev 16:19, etc. (equivalent to לְ הָיָה; but the expression is also classic; cf. Winers Grammar, § 29, 3 a.; Buttmann, 150 (131)).
e. γίνεσθαι with Cases; (a.) with the genitive to become the property of anyone, to come into the power of a person or thing (cf. Winers Grammar, § 30, 5; especially Buttmann, 162 (142)): Lk 20:14 (L marginal reading ἔσται), 33; Rev 11:15; (γνώμης, Acts 20:3 T Tr WH (cf. ἐλπίδος μεγάλης γίνεσθαι Plutarch, Phocylides, 23, 4)); προφητεία ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως οὐ γίνεται no one can explain prophecy by his own mental power (it is not a matter of subjective interpretation), but to explain it one needs the same illumination of the Holy Spirit in which it originated, for etc. 2 Pet 1:20. γενέσθαι with a genitive indicating one's age (to be) so many years old: Lk 2:42; 1 Tim 5:9. (b.) with the dative (cf. W 210f (198)): γίνεσθαι ἀνδρί to become a man's wife, Rom 7:3f (לְאִישׁ הָיָה, Lev 22:12; Ruth 1:12, etc.).
f. joined to prepositions with their substantives; ἐν τίνι, to come or pass into a certain state (cf. Buttmann, 330 (284)): ἐν ἀγωνία, Lk 22:44 (L brackets WH reject the passage); ἐν ἐκστάσει, Acts 22:17; ἐν πνεύματι, Rev 1:10; Rev 4:2; ἐν δόξῃ (R. V. came with (in) glory), 2 Cor 3:7; ἐν παραβάσει, 1 Tim 2:14; ἐν ἑαυτῷ, to come to himself, recover reason, Acts 12:11 (also in Greek writings; cf. Hermann ad Vig., p. 749); ἐν Χριστῷ, to be brought to the fellowship of Christ, to become a Christian, Rom 16:7; ἐν ὁμοιώματι ἀνθρώπων, to become like men, Phm 2:7; ἐν λόγῳ κολακείας (R. V. were we found using) flattering speech, 1 Thess 2:5. ἐπάνω τίνος to be placed over a thing, Lk 19:19. μετά τίνος or σύν τίνι to become one's companion, associate with him: Mk 16:10; Acts 7:38; Acts 20:18; ὑπό τινα to be made subject to one, Gal 4:4. (Cf. h. below.) g. with specification of the terminus of motion or the place of rest: εἰς with the accusative of place, to come to some place, arrive at something, Acts 20:16; Acts 21:17; Acts 25:15; ὡς ἐγένετο... εἰς τά ὦτα μου when the voice came into my ears, Lk 1:44; εἰς with the accusative of person, of evils coming upon one, Rev 16:2 R G; of blessings, Gal 3:14; 1 Thess 1:5 (Lachmann πρός; Acts 26:6 L T Tr WH); γενέσθαι ἐπί τοῦ τόπου, Lk 22:40; ἐπί τῆς γῆς, Jn 6:21 (Tdf. ἐπί τήν γῆν); ὧδε, Jn 6:25 (ἐκεῖ, Xenophon, an. 6, 3 (5), 20; (cf. Buttmann, 71)); ἐπί with the accusative of place, Lk 24:22; Acts 21:35; (Jn 6:21 Tdf.); ἐγένετο διωγμός ἐπί τήν ἐκκλησίαν, Acts 8:1; ἐγένετο φόβος or θάμβος ἐπί πάντας, Lk 1:65; Lk 4:36; Acts 5:5, Acts 5:11; (ἔκστασις, Acts 10:10 (Rec. ἐπέπεσεν)); ἕλκος κακόν καί πονηρόν ἐπί τούς ἀνθρώπους, Rev 16:2 L T Tr WH; ἐγένετο... ῤῆμα ἐπί τινα, λόγος or φωνή πρός τινα (came to): Lk 3:2; Jn 10:35; Acts 7:31 (Rec.); (Gen 15:1, Gen 15:4; Jer 1:2, Jer 1:11; Jer 13:8; Ezek 6:1; Hos 1:1); (ἐπαγγελία, Acts 13:32; Acts 26:6 Rec.); κατά with the accusative of place, Lk 10:32 (Tr WH omit); Acts 27:7, (Xenophon, Cyril 7, 1, 15); κατά with the genitive: τό γενόμενον ῤῆμα καθ' ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας the matter the report of which spread throughout all Judaea, Acts 10:37; πρός τινα, 2 Jn 1:12 (Rec. ἐλθεῖν); 1 Cor 2:3; σύν τίνι, to be joined to one as an associate, Lk 2:13 (Xenophon, Cyril 5, 3, 8); ἐγγύς γίνεσθαι, Eph 2:13; τίνος, Jn 6:19; (h.) (with ἐκ of the source (see above): Mk 1:11 (Tdf. omits ἐγένετο); (T Tr marginal reading WH); Lk 3:22; Lk 9:35; Acts 19:34); γίνεσθαι ἐκ μέσου, to be taken out of the way, 2 Thess 2:7; γενέσθαι ὁμοθυμαδόν, of many come together in one place, Acts 15:25 cf. Acts 2:1 (but only in R G; γενομένοις ὁμοθυμαδόν in may mean either having become of one mind, or possibly having come together with one accord. On the alleged use of γίνομαι in the N. T. as interchangeable with εἰμί see Fritzschior. Opuscc., p. 284 note. Compare: ἀπογίνομαι, διαγίνομαι, ἐπιγίνομαι, παραγίνομαι, συμγίνομαι παραγίνομαι, προγίνομαι.)