קָרָא
qârâʼ · H7121 · Hebrew · 733 occurrences
Meanings
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to cry out
Action by which humans or deities speak with a loud voice, often to draw attention to themselves or to their situation and expecting someone to respond in one way or another
ExamplesGenesis 3:9 Then the LORD God called to the man, and said to him, “Where are you?”
Genesis 4:26 To Seth also a son was born; and he named him Enosh. Then people began to call upon the name of the LORD.
Genesis 12:8 Then he proceeded from there to the mountain on the east of Bethel, and pitched his tent with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east; and there he built an altar to the LORD and called upon the name of the LORD.
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to read, to recite
Action by which humans speak written words aloud
ExamplesExodus 24:7 Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read it as the people listened; and they said, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do, and we will be obedient!”
Deuteronomy 17:19 “And it shall be with him, and he shall read it all the days of his life, so that he will learn to fear the LORD his God, by carefully following all the words of this Law and these statutes,
Deuteronomy 31:11 when all Israel comes to appear before the LORD your God at the place which He will choose, you shall read this Law before all Israel so that they hear it.
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to be renowned
Literally: to be called (by name); hence: state in which humans have a high reputation which results in their names being pronounced on a regular basis
ExamplesRuth 4:11 And all the people who were in the court, and the elders, said, “We are witnesses. May the LORD make the woman who is coming into your home like Rachel and Leah, both of whom built the house of Israel; and may you achieve wealth in Ephrathah and become famous in Bethlehem.
Ruth 4:14 Then the women said to Naomi, “Blessed is the LORD who has not left you without a redeemer today, and may his name become famous in Israel.
Ezekiel 23:23 the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod and Shoa and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them; handsome young men, governors and officials all of them, officers and men of renown, all of them riding on horses.
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to be named, to be known
Literally: to be called; hence: state in which a person is known with certain characteristics and treated as such
ExamplesGenesis 21:12 But God said to Abraham, “Do not be distressed because of the boy and your slave woman; whatever Sarah tells you, listen to her, for through Isaac your descendants shall be named.
Genesis 48:6 “But your children that you have fathered after them shall be yours; they shall be called by the names of their brothers in their inheritance.
Genesis 48:16 The angel who has redeemed me from all evil, Bless the boys; And may my name live on in them, And the names of my fathers Abraham and Isaac; And may they grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth.”
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to proclaim, to make a proclamation
Literally: to cry out; hence: causative action by which humans or deities make a public announcement
ExamplesExodus 32:5 Now when Aaron saw this, he built an altar in front of it; and Aaron made a proclamation and said, “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the LORD.”
Leviticus 23:2 “Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘The LORD’S appointed times which you shall proclaim as holy convocations—My appointed times are these:
Leviticus 23:4 ‘These are the appointed times of the LORD, holy convocations which you shall proclaim at the times appointed for them.
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to call, to summon, to invite
Literally: to cry out; hence: causative action by which humans or deities let (other) humans know that they are to come, either by approaching them directly or sending a message
ExamplesGenesis 12:18 Then Pharaoh called Abram and said, “What is this that you have done to me? Why did you not tell me that she was your wife?
Genesis 20:8 So Abimelech got up early in the morning and called all his servants, and told all these things in their presence; and the people were greatly frightened.
Genesis 20:9 Then Abimelech called Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? And how have I sinned against you, that you have brought on me and on my kingdom a great sin? You have done to me things that ought not to be done.”
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Literally: to call, summon; hence: causative action by which deities cause certain things to happen, as if they were people that were summoned (to summon, to call for (an event))
ExamplesJeremiah 25:29 “For behold, I am beginning to inflict disaster on this city which is called by My name, so should you be completely free from punishment? You will not be free from punishment, for I am summoning a sword against all the inhabitants of the earth,” declares the LORD of armies.’
Lamentations 2:22 “You called as on the day of an appointed feast My terrors on every side; And there was no one who survived or escaped On the day of the LORD’S anger. As for those whom I brought forth healthy and whom I raised, My enemy annihilated them.”
Ezekiel 38:21 “And I will call for a sword against him on all My mountains,” declares the Lord GOD. “Every man’s sword will be against his brother.
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to name
Literally: to cry out; hence: action by which humans or deities assign a name to a person, place, object, or phenomenon
ExamplesGenesis 1:5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness He called “night.” And there was evening and there was morning, one day.
Genesis 3:20 Now the man named his wife Eve, because she was the mother of all the living.
Genesis 1:8 God called the expanse “heaven.” And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.
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Literally: (one's) name is called (over someone); hence: state in which a person or building is closely associate to another person or a deity (to be called (by someone's name))
ExamplesDeuteronomy 28:10 “So all the peoples of the earth will see that you are called by the name of the LORD, and they will be afraid of you.
2 Samuel 6:2 And David departed from Baale-judah, with all the people who were with him, to bring up from there the ark of God which is called by the Name, the very name of the LORD of armies who is enthroned above the cherubim.
2 Samuel 12:28 “Now then, gather the rest of the people and camp opposite the city and capture it, or I will capture the city myself and it will be named after me.”
-
Literally: to call on (someone's) name; hence: action by which humans acknowledge a deity and are willing to live in accordance with some of the requirements of that deity (to acknowledge (a deity))
ExamplesPsalm 79:6 Pour out Your wrath upon the nations which do not know You, And upon the kingdoms which do not call upon Your name.
Psalm 80:18 Then we will not turn back from You; Revive us, and we will call upon Your name.
Isaiah 41:25 “I have put one from the north into motion, and he has come; From the rising of the sun he will call on My name; And he will come upon rulers as upon mortar, As the potter treads on clay.”
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to choose, to elect
Literally: to cry out; hence: causative action by which a community selects leader by calling out their name
ExamplesNumbers 1:16 “These are the men who were called from the congregation, the leaders of their fathers’ tribes; they were the heads of divisions of Israel.”
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to meet
Action by which humans purposefully move in the direction of (another) human, deity, or object to engage with them
Examples1 Samuel 23:28 So Saul returned from pursuing David and went to confront the Philistines; therefore they called that place the Rock of Division.
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Literally: to meet; hence: process by which a certain event starts affecting someone (to happen (to someone))
ExamplesGenesis 49:1 Then Jacob summoned his sons and said, “Assemble yourselves, so that I may tell you what will happen to you in the days to come.
Isaiah 41:2 “Who has stirred one from the east Whom He calls in righteousness to His feet? He turns nations over to him And subdues kings. He makes them like dust with his sword, Like the wind-driven chaff with his bow.
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to happen
Literally: to meet; hence: process by which a certain event starts taking place
ExamplesJeremiah 4:20 Disaster upon disaster is proclaimed, For the whole land is devastated; Suddenly my tents are devastated, And my curtains in an instant.
How it’s used In 14 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
719 occurrences in 105 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 214
- Not stated: I 78
- Not stated: they 74
- Not stated: you (one person) 62
- Not stated: you (more than one) 32
- שֵׁםname 31
- Other words · 81 groups that occur once or twice (103) 103
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
309 occurrences in 123 groups
- שֵׁםname 106
- דָּבָרword, thing, matter 14
- וֹhim 12
- ךָּyou 11
- צוֹםfasting 7
- נִיme 7
- Other words · 106 groups that occur once or twice (121) 121
Second objectAs in “call him Lord”
90 occurrences in 81 groups
- Other words · 81 groups that occur once or twice (91) 91
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
462 occurrences in 248 groups
- בin/on/with+ שֵׁםname 43
- לto/for+ אָמַרto say 23
- לto/for+ וֹhim 21
- בin/on/with+ אֹזֶןear 18
- אֵלto, toward+ יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 16
- לto/for+ הֶםthem 16
- Other words · 212 groups that occur once or twice (253) 253
With adverbsAdverbs
44 occurrences in 11 groups
- לֹאnot 26
- עוֹדstill, again, yet 7
- שָׁםthere 6
- אָזat that time 3
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (7) 7
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
7 occurrences in 7 groups
- עֵדָהcongregation, community 1
- שֵׁםname 1
- יmy 1
- הוּhis 1
- הּher 1
- ךָּyou 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- אֲדֹנִיָּהAdonijah 1
- וֹhim 1
Named alongside itApposition
4 occurrences in 4 groups
- בַּיִתhouse, household 1
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 1
- יִשְׂרָאֵלIsrael 1
- נָשִׂיאchief 1
What it doesIt is the subject
4 occurrences in 5 groups
- חָרַדto tremble, to make afraid 1
- אָכַלto eat, to devour 1
- קוּםto arise 1
- רוּץto run 1
- שָׁמַעto hear, to listen, to obey 1
What is done to itIt is the object
19 occurrences in 10 groups
- יָדַעto know 4
- יָסַףto add 4
- אָמַרto say 3
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
What it is said to bePredicate
6 occurrences in 4 groups
- אַיִןthere is no, not 3
- זֶהthis 1
- עֹמֶקdepth 1
- תֹּםintegrity 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- אֵלֶּהthese 1
- שְׁמוּאֵלSamuel 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
28 occurrences in 3 groups
- לto/for 18
- בin/on/with 6
- כlike/as 4
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- קוֹלvoice, sound 1
- רֹאשׁhead, top, chief 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 3 words
- צָהַל tsâhal · H6670 · to neigh, to shout, to cry out
- The pairing is genuine same-language near-synonymy: both are vocal/shouting verbs. However, קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) is a very high-frequency (733×), broad-spectrum verb spanning 13 semantic domains (including "Name," "Know," "Serve," "Meet," etc.), while צָהַל (tsâhal, H6670) (9×) is a low-frequency, specialized verb for animal cries ("bellow," "neigh") and exultant human shouting. Their overlap in "Shout" is real but represents only a narrow slice of קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121)'s much wider range. The evidence supports a real but limited near-synonym relationship in the "shout/cry out" sense, though קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121)'s polysemy and צָהַל (tsâhal, H6670)'s specialized usage constrain the match.
- צָרַח tsârach · H6873 · to cry out
- צָרַח (tsârach, H6873) "cry, roar" (2 occurrences) and קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) "call, cry unto, proclaim" share the "Shout" domain, but קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121)'s gloss reveals it is vastly more polysemous (13 semantic domains including Name, Know, Serve, etc.) and primarily centers on summoning/proclamation rather than emotional outcry. The overlap in "cry" is real but represents only a narrow slice of קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121)'s broad range; genuine but modest synonymy in the vocalization/outcry sense.
- שָׁוַע shâvaʻ · H7768 · to cry out, to cry for help
- Both lexemes genuinely belong to the vocal-utterance semantic space, but קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) is a high-frequency, semantically broad word spanning formal proclamation, naming, inviting, and calling (13 domains), while שָׁוַע (shâvaʻ, H7768) (21 occurrences, 1 domain) appears specialized for loud, distress-oriented crying out. The relationship is plausibly real (both can express vocal outcry), though שָׁוַע (shâvaʻ, H7768) is narrower and more emotionally charged.
In the other Testament 11 words
- καλέω kaléō · G2564 · to call, to name
- Greek καλέω is the primary Septuagint rendering of Hebrew קָרָא, and the two verbs share the same semantic range of summoning, naming, and proclaiming.
- ἐπικαλέομαι epikaléomai · G1941 · to call, to name, to call upon
- Greek ἐπικαλέομαι specifically denotes calling upon or invoking (especially in contexts of appeal, worship, or formal invocation), representing a semantically narrower subset of Hebrew קָרָא's broader range of calling, proclaiming, and naming actions.
- ἐπονομάζω eponomázō · G2028 · to call oneself, to regard oneself
- Greek ἐπονομάζω (eponomázō, G2028) represents a specialized subset of Hebrew קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121), focusing specifically on the formal naming or denominative function ('to name further, denominate'), whereas the Hebrew root encompasses the broader semantic field of vocal announcement including calling, crying out, proclaiming, and inviting in addition to naming.
- κηρύσσω kērýssō · G2784 · to announce, to proclaim, to tell
- קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) קָרָא encompasses a broader semantic range including general calling, naming, and inviting, whereas κηρύσσω (kērýssō, G2784) κηρύσσω specifically denotes formal public proclamation or heralding, particularly of divine truth; the overlap occurs in contexts of public proclamation where קָרָא takes on the formal proclamation sense (e.g., proclaiming a fast, heralding a decree), making κηρύσσω the Greek functional equivalent for that specific register of קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121)'s semantic range.
- κλητός klētós · G2822 · called, invited
- Greek κλητός (invited, called, appointed) derives from the verb καλέω and represents the passive/adjectival form corresponding to Hebrew קָרָא's active sense of calling or summoning; the Greek term specializes in contexts of divine calling or invitation (saints, appointed ones), a narrower semantic register than the Hebrew verb's broader range of vocal actions (proclaim, cry out, name, invite).
- κράζω krázō · G2896 · to shout, to scream
- κράζω (krázō, G2896) κράζω emphasizes the loud, urgent, or emotional quality of calling out (shrieking, crying aloud), representing a subset of קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) קָרָא's broader semantic range that includes any form of calling, summoning, or proclaiming regardless of volume or intensity.
- ἀναβοάω anaboáō · G310 · to cry out, to scream, to shout
- Greek ἀναβοάω specifically denotes loud crying out or shouting upward/aloud (intensive prefix ἀνα- + βοάω 'cry out'), representing a subset of Hebrew קָרָא's broader semantic range of calling, crying, and proclaiming; the Greek term captures the 'cry (unto)' sense with particular emphasis on vocal intensity and upward direction.
- ἀναγινώσκω anaginṓskō · G314 · to read, reading
- Hebrew קָרָא carries the well-attested sense 'to read (aloud)' alongside its broader 'call/proclaim' range (Biblical Hebrew uses the same verb for reading a text and calling out); Greek ἀναγινώσκω 'to read' renders קָרָא specifically in this reading/public-recitation sense in LXX usage, not in its 'summon/name' senses.
- ἀνακράζω anakrázō · G349 · to shout, to scream
- ἀνακράζω (anakrazō) intensifies the vocal action with the prefix ἀνα- ('up/out'), emphasizing loud outcry or screaming, whereas קָרָא (qara) covers the broader semantic range of calling, proclaiming, summoning, and naming without inherent intensity marking.
- προσκαλέομαι proskaléomai · G4341 · to call, to call to, to call to a task
- προσκαλέομαι (proskaléomai, G4341) προσκαλέομαι specifically denotes summoning or calling toward oneself (prefix προσ- 'toward'), a more directional and transactional subset of קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) קָרָא's broader semantic range of calling/proclaiming/naming actions.
- βοάω boáō · G994 · to cry out, to scream, to shout
- קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7121) קָרָא encompasses a broad semantic range of 'calling' (proclaim, name, summon, invite), while βοάω (boáō, G994) βοάω specifically denotes loud crying or shouting, typically in contexts of distress or urgent appeal; the Greek term represents the vocally emphatic subset of the Hebrew's wider calling sense.
Semantic domains 13 entries
- Shout002004001009005
- This domain reflects the word's "cry out/proclaim aloud" sense; it is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations, which all show the quieter act of naming rather than a shout.
- Great002001002012
- This domain reflects the word's "be famous" sense; it is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
- Know002004002007
- This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations, which all concern the act of naming rather than knowing.
- Move002002001012
- This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
- Happen002002003003
- This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations, which all show the naming sense rather than events occurring.
- Name002004002010
- The word most directly means to name or call something by a name, illustrated exhaustively by God's naming of day and night, heaven, earth, and seas (Genesis 1:5, 8, 10) and Adam's naming of every living creature (Genesis 2:19-20).
- Associate002003002002
- This domain reflects the word's "invite/summon" sense; it is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations, which all concern acts of naming.
- Serve002003002023
- This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
- Dissociate002003002009
- This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
- Meet002003002016
- This domain is shared with the closely related homograph meaning "to meet, befall" (קָרָא (qârâʼ, H7122)); it is not independently illustrated by this word's own sampled citations, which all concern naming.
- Engage002003003011
- This domain reflects the word's "call upon/summon" sense; it is not independently illustrated by the sampled naming citations.
- Space002002001017
- This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
- Search002002001016
- This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7121. qara I. קָרָא724 verb call, proclaim, read (Late Hebrew id., read aloud, read;…
I. קָרָא724 verb call, proclaim, read (Late Hebrew id., read aloud, read; Phoenician קרא call; Arabic read aloud, recite (the '†or°¹n), the †or°a¹n; Aramaic קְלרא, call, etc., so Old Aramaic קרא, Nabatean id., Palmyrene id., קרה); —
Qal655 Perfect ׳ק Gen 11:9 +, 3 feminine singular consecutive וְקָרָזת Isa 7:14 (Ges§ 74g); 2 masculine singular קָרָאתָ Jdg 12:1 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִקְרָא Gen 2:19 +; suffix יִקְרְאוֺ Jer 23:6, אֵהוּ- Isa 41:2; +; 1singular אֶקְרָא Deu 32:3 +, וָאֶקְרָאֶר 1Sa 28:15 (Ges§ 48d NesMarg. 15); 3 feminine plural וַתִּקְרֶאנָה Rth 4:17 (twice in verse), וַתִּקְרֶאןָ Num 25:2; Num 25:2feminine plural תִּקְרֶאנָה Rth 1:20-21, etc.; Imperative masculine singular קְרָא Jdg 7:3 +, suffix קְרָאֵנִי Psa 50:15, etc.; Infinitive construct קְרָא 1Sa 3:6 +, קְראֹות (Baer אֹת-) Jdg 8:1 (Ges§ 74h); suffix קָרְאִי Psa 4:2 +, etc.; Participle active קוֺרֵא Amo 5:8 +, קֹרֵא Jer 1:15 +; plural קֹרִאים Psa 99:6 (Ges§§ 74i; 75oo); passive קָרוּא Est 5:12; plural קְרוּאִים 1Sa 9:22; Eze 23:23, קְרֻאִים 1Sa 9:13 +; construct קְרוּאֵי Num 1:16 Qr (Kt קריאי), Num 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי, see קָרִיא); —
1. a. call, cry, utter a loud sound, Jdg 9:7; 2Sa 18:25 (in 2Sa 18:28 read וַיִּקְרַב We, confirmed by ᵐ5L so Dr and all recent Comm.), Jer 4:6; Dan 8:16 (all + אמר), 2Ki 7:11 (on text see Kit Benz), Isa 6:4; for help Gen 39:15, Gen 39:18 (J); of pleading in court Isa 59:4 (ב of manner); explicitly גְּדוֺל בְּקוֺל Gen 39:14 (J), 1Ki 18:27-28, 2Ki 18:28 = Isa 36:13 2Ch 32:18, גָּדוֺל קוֺל Eze 9:1 (+ בְּאָצְנֵי); with אַחֲרֵי person 1Sa 20:37 (+ אָמַר), 1Sa 24:8 (Gi; v.1Sa 24:9 van d. H. Baer; + לֵאמֹר), Jer 12:6.
b. call cry, object in oratio recta [direct speech] Jdg 7:20; 1Sa 3:4 (read שְׁמוּאֵל שְׁמוּאֵל; ᵐ5 Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS), 1Sa 3:6 (compare ᵐ5), 1Sa 3:8 (against accents), 1Sa 3:10 (see שְׁמוּאֵל), 1Sa 20:38; 2Sa 20:16; 2Ki 11:14; Jer 20:8; Lev 13:45; = utter, speak Jer 36:18; of command Gen 45:1 (E).
2. a. call unto some one: אֶל person (often + אָמַר; sometimes with מִן local), Gen 3:9; Gen 19:5; Exo 3:4; Isa 6:3 + often; with עַל (for אֶל) of satyrs Isa 34:14 (so Vrss Ges CheComm. and others > recent Comm. from II. קָרָא or קָרָה which (in Qal) always take accusative); unto ׳י (אֶלׅ (God), in praise Psa 66:17; 1Ch 4:10, usually for help, Jdg 15:18; 1Sa 12:17-18, Hos 7:7 + Hos 3:5; Hos 4:4 +, + עַל person against Deu 15:9; Deu 24:15; to ׳י (לׅ (God) Job 14:14; Psa 57:3; Psa 141:1; to (ל) a servant (for service) 2Ki 4:36; Job 19:16, so (אֶל) 2Sa 1:15; call to (ל) one Jer 3:4 (+ oratio recta [direct speech]), Lam 4:15 (id.), Pro 2:3 (לְבִינָה); subject ׳י Mic 6:9; Jer 35:17.
b. cry for help, absolute, (in poetry and late) Zec 7:13; Isa 58:9; Isa 65:24; Job 5:1; Job 9:16; Pro 21:13; Psa 4:2; Psalm 20:10 10t. Psalms (Psa 147:9 of young ravens); בֵּאָזְנֵי Eze 8:18.
c. ׳ק י ׳בְּשֵׁם call with name of ׳י (i.e. use it in invocation): Gen 4:26; Gen 12:8; 2Ki 5:11; Jer 10:25 = Psa 79:6 16t. (1Ki 18:24 of specific appeal to ׳י to display his power), + Isa 65:1 (see
Pu`al); with name of Baal 1Ki 18:24-25, 1Ki 18:26.
d. late, with accusative dei Isa 43:22; Psa 14:4 Psa 14:4t. Psalms; absolute Psa 116:2.
3 proclaim:
a. with accusative of thing procl. Amo 4:5; Gen 41:43; Deu 15:2; Jer 31:6; Lev 25:10 +; ׳ק צוֺם proclaim a fast 1Ki 21:9, 1Ki 21:12; Jer 36:9 +, ׳ק י ׳מוֺעֲדֵי Lev 23:2, Lev 23:4; ׳ק followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Exo 34:6, etc.; followed by ל person Jer 34:8, Jer 34:15, Jer 34:17 (twice in verse); Isa 61:1, עַל person (against, concerning) 1Ki 13:4, 1Ki 13:32; Jer 49:29; Lam 1:15; proclaim peace to (ל person) Jdg 21:13; compare ׳ק לְשָׁלוֺם אֵלֶיהָ Deu 20:10; ׳ק with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מִקְרָא Isa 1:13, הַקְּרִיאָה Jon 3:2 (+ אֶל).
b. ׳ק י ׳שֵׁם Deu 32:3; Psa 99:6; so (earlier) ׳ק י ׳בְשֵׁם Exo 33:19; Exo 34:5 (JE); compare ׳ק יַעֲקֹב בְּשֵׁם Isa 44:5 (but read יִקָּרֵא, Lo Che and most).
c. ׳ק עֲלֵי׳בֵּשׁ Psa 49:12 proclaim (with) name over landed estates, claim possession (Hup Bae); proclaim one's own name Rth 4:11 = become famous; passive participle proclaimed, i.e. renowned Eze 23:23.
d. absolute make proclamation (sometimes + לֵאמֹר אָמַר,) Jdg 7:3; Jer 2:2 (בְּאָוְנֵי) Zec 1:14, Zec 1:17; Jon 3:4; Isa 40:3, Isa 40:6 +, with עַל concerning Neh 6:7, against 1Ki 13:2; Jon 1:3.
4. a. read aloud, often בְּאָוְבֵי, less often לפְנֵי, with ב of roll, book Jer 36:6, Jer 36:8, Jer 36:14; Neh 8:3, Neh 8:8; Neh 9:3; 2Ch 34:18, + accusative of words Jer 36:8, Jer 36:10; object omitted Exo 24:7 (E) Jer 36:15; with acc of roll, book Jer 36:15; Jer 36:21; Jer 51:63; 2Ki 22:10; 2Ch 34:24, of letter (סֵפֶר), writing 2Ki 5:7; Isa 29:11-12, Jer 29:29, columns of manuscript Jer 36:23; with accusative of words Jos 8:34-35, Jer 36:6; Jer 51:61; 2Ki 23:2 2Ch 34:30, compare Deu 31:11.
b. read, to oneself, in (ב) a roll, book, Deu 17:19; Neh 8:18, so of vision written on tablets Hab 2:2; with accusative of letter (סֵפֶר) 2Ki 19:14 = Isa 37:14, book 2Ki 22:8; absolute Isa 34:16.
c. read, for hear read, 2Ki 22:16.
5 summon: usually
a. with ל person: Gen 12:18; Gen 20:8-9, Num 22:5, Num 22:20, Num 22:37; Jdg 8:1; 1Sa 3:5-6, 1Sa 3:8 (twice in verse) + often (c. 100 t.), + ל reflexive 1Ki 1:28, 1Ki 1:32, + אֶל location Exo 19:20, + אֶל person 2Sa 9:2, + infinitive purpose Jos 24:9; Jdg 12:1; Jdg 14:16; 1Sa 28:15, + מִן local Hos 11:1; Jdg 4:6; + בִּשְׁמֶ֑ךָ Isa 45:4 summon by thy name; specifically summon = invite (especially to feast) Exo 34:15; Jdg 14:15 ( + infinitive purpose) 1Sa 16:3 ( + בַּזָּבַ֑ח, read probably ׳לַזּ see HPS), 1Sa 16:5 ( + ׳לַזּ), 1 Kings 19:26 + (c. 17 t.).
b. with אֶל person Exo 10:24; Jos 4:4; Jos 10:24; 1Ki 13:21 + (c. 20 t.); אֶל person + ל person (different persons in same relation) Exo 8:21; Jer 42:8; = call for (demand to see), with אֶל person 2Ki 18:18; with ל of thing = demand, require Pro 18:6; compare Pro 27:16 (probably corrupt, see Toy).
c. with accusative of person Gen 41:8, Gen 41:14; Exo 2:7 ( + ל person), Exo 2:7; Amo 5:16 ( + אֶל of thing), Isa 13:3 (ל of thing), 1Sa 3:16; 1Sa 22:11 + (c. 33 t.), insert וַיַקְרָא in this sense also 2Sa 15:12 ᵐ5L We Dr and most; + infinitive purpose Num 24:10, ׳ק עַיִט מִמִּוְרָח Isa 46:11; in weakened sense (to bring response, or bring person near) Son 5:6; specifically invite, 1Sa 9:24 (but corrupt, see especially HPS), 1Ki 1:9 (also + ל, MT), 1Ki 1:10; 1Ki 12:20 (+ אֶל location), Deu 33:19 (accusative of location); לָהּ קָרוּא אֲנִי Est 5:12, passive participle elsewhere plural, invited ones, guests 1Sa 9:13, 1Sa 9:22; 2Sa 15:11; 1Ki 1:41, 1Ki 1:49; Zep 1:7; Pro 9:18; invite or summon (accusative of person) for help, succour, Hos 7:11; usually object ׳י (in poetry and late) Jer 29:12; 2Sa 22:4, 2Sa 22:7 = Psa 18:4; Psa 18:7; Isa 55:6; Lam 3:57; Job 27:10; Psa 50:15; Psa 86:5 Psa 86:8t. Psalms, accusative י ׳שֵׁם Lam 3:55; accusative חכמה Pro 1:28.
d. absolute call, summon Amo 7:4 (+ ל of thing), Isa 22:12 (id.), 1Sa 3:5-6, Zec 7:13; ׳י (God) Isa 52:2; Isa 65:12; Isa 66:4; Job 13:22; Job 14:15, הָעֵדָה קְרוּאֵי Num 1:17 Qr (Kt קְרִיאֵי), Num 26:9 Kt (Qr קְרִיאֵי!)
e. call and commission, appoint, accusative of person, Isa 48:15; Isa 49:1, + בְּשֵׁם by name, specifically, Exo 31:2; Exo 35:30; Isa 43:1; Isa 45:3.
f. call and endow (with privilege) Isa 51:2; Isa 54:5; Isa 55:5.
6 call=name:
a. (early and most common usage), call one's name (שֵׁם) so and so, 2 accusative: of person Gen 3:20; Gen 4:25-26, Gen 5:2-3, Gen 5:29; 34t. Genesis; Exo 2:10, Exo 2:22; Hos 1:4, Hos 1:6, Hos 1:9; Isa 7:14; Isa 8:3; Isa 9:5 Isa 9:10t. (Jer 46:17 read ᵐ5 שֵׁם קִרְאוּ Gie and others); of places, etc., Gen 4:17; Gen 11:9 Gen 11:17t. Genesis; Jdg 1:17, Jdg 1:26; Jdg 2:5; Jdg 15:19; Jdg 18:29 Jdg 18:21t.
b. with accusative of appellation ony, Eze 39:11.
c. accusative of person or location + accusative appellative Hos 2:18; Deu 3:14; Jer 23:6; Isa 58:5; Num 32:41.
d. accusative of person + clause Psa 89:27.
e. = give name to, accusative appellation + ל person (location, or thing): (1) person Hos 2:18; Gen 35:18; 1Sa 4:21; Jer 3:19; Jer 30:17; Jer 33:16 Jer 33:9t.; (2) location, or thing, Jdg 18:12; 2Sa 2:16; 2Sa 5:9; 2Sa 6:8; Jos 22:34 (name lost, ᵑ6 Hebrew Manuscripts Ins. עֵד; compare Di Steuern), Gen 1:5 (twice in verse); Gen 1:8; Gen 2:19 (twice in verse); Exo 33:7 30t. + Job 17:14 (ל + sentence including name).
f. with בְּשֵׁם + ל Isa 40:26, compare Isa 65:11 (אַחֵר שֵׁם), Psa 147:4 (שֵׁמוֺת), Rth 4:17 (שֵׁם + לֵאמֹר), Gen 2:20; Gen 26:18 (twice in verse) (all with שֵׁם).
g. with ל of thing + עַלאשֵׁם 2Sa 18:16.
h. call by ב names the names (accusative) of cities Num 32:38; call to (ב) city, + appelll., + בִּשְׁמוֺ v 42.
i. call cities (accusative) בְּשֵׁם, i.e, specify them, Jos 21:9; 1Ch 6:50 (בְּשֵׁמוֺת).
Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נִקְרָא Jer 4:20 +, 1 singular נִקְרֵאתִי Est 4:11, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִקָּרֵא Gen 2:23 +, וַיִּקָּרֵא Eze 20:29 +, etc.; Participle נִקְרָא Isa 43:7; Jer 44:26; plural נִקְרָאִים Isa 48:1; Est 6:1; —
1 reflexive, נִק הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳מֵעִיר Isa 48:2 from the holy city they call themselves.
2 passive be called:
a. be proclaimed (compare Qal 3), of י ׳שֵׁם Jer 44:26 (בְּפֶה instrumental); of man's name = be famous Rth 4:14; = be announced Jer 4:20.
b. be read aloud compare Qal 4): impersonal with ב of book, + בְּאָוְנֵי Neh 13:1; subject records Est 6:1 (לפְנֵי).
c. be summoned (compare Qal 5: Isa 31:4 (עַל against); Est 3:12; Est 4:11 (twice in verse); verse); 8: 9; + בְּשֵׁם, i.e. specifically, Est 2:14,
d. be named (compare Qal 6.): (I) appell. subject + ל person <r
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 13 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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