Word

פָּנִים

pânîym · H6440 · Hebrew · 2,126 occurrences

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Meanings

face

The front part of the head, containing the eyes, nose, mouth, etc

Examples
Genesis 9:23 But Shem and Japheth took a garment and laid it on both their shoulders and walked backward and covered the nakedness of their father; and their faces were turned away, so that they did not see their father’s nakedness.
Genesis 33:10 Jacob said, “No, please, if now I have found favor in your sight, then accept my gift from my hand, for I see your face as one sees the face of God, and you have received me favorably.
Genesis 38:15 When Judah saw her, he assumed she was a prostitute, for she had covered her face.
person

Literally: face; hence: the entire person represented metonymically by their face

Examples
Genesis 46:30 Then Israel said to Joseph, “Now let me die, since I have seen your face, that you are still alive.”
Genesis 48:11 And Israel said to Joseph, “I never expected to see your face, and behold, God has let me see your children as well!”
Exodus 10:28 Then Pharaoh said to him, “Get away from me! Be careful, do not see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you shall die!”
surface, front

Literally: face; hence: the part of an object that is visible from a certain perspective

Examples
Genesis 1:2 And the earth was a formless and desolate emptiness, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters.
Genesis 1:20 Then God said, “Let the waters teem with swarms of living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.”
Genesis 1:29 Then God said, “Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree which has fruit yielding seed; it shall be food for you;
edge

Literally: face; hence: the sharp side of a cutting tool, such as an axe or sword

Examples
Ecclesiastes 10:10 If the axe is dull and he does not sharpen its edge, then he must exert more strength. Wisdom has the advantage of bringing success.
Ezekiel 21:16 “Prove yourself sharp, go to the right; set yourself; go to the left, wherever your edge is ordered.
course, condition

Literally: face (of an event); hence: the way an event is progressing

Examples
2 Samuel 10:9 Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him at the front and at the rear, he selected warriors from all the choice men in Israel, and lined them up against the Arameans.
2 Samuel 14:20 “In order to change the appearance of things your servant Joab has done this thing. But my lord is wise, like the wisdom of the angel of God, to know all that is on the earth.”
1 Chronicles 19:10 Now when Joab saw that the battle was set against him at the front and at the rear, he selected warriors from all the choice men in Israel and lined them up against the Arameans.
before, presence

Literally: front; hence: a reference to a location sufficiently close to humans or deities for them to see, hear, or affect someone or something there

Examples
Genesis 3:8 Now they heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden.
Genesis 4:14 “Behold, You have driven me this day from the face of the ground; and I will be hidden from Your face, and I will be a wanderer and a drifter on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me.”
Genesis 4:16 Then Cain left the presence of the LORD, and settled in the land of Nod, east of Eden.
in front, straight ahead

Literally: side of the face; hence: a referent pointing to the area in front

Examples
Exodus 25:37 “Then you shall make its lamps seven in number; and they shall mount its lamps so as to shed light on the space in front of it.
because of

Literally: away from before, away from the presence; hence: a reference to the cause or reason for an event

Examples
Exodus 2:15 When Pharaoh heard about this matter, he tried to kill Moses. But Moses fled from the presence of Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, and he sat down by a well.
Literally: in front of; hence: state in which humans have a relatively high status in comparison to other humans (before (in rank), ahead of)

Examples
Genesis 48:20 So he blessed them that day, saying, “By you Israel will pronounce blessing, saying, ‘May God make you like Ephraim and Manasseh!’” And so he put Ephraim before Manasseh.
Exodus 20:3 “You shall have no other gods before Me.
Numbers 27:17 who will go out and come in before them, and lead them out and bring them in, so that the congregation of the LORD will not be like sheep that have no shepherd.”
to be open, to be accessible

Literally: (land) is before (someone); state in which an area is freely accessible to humans without restrictions

Examples
Genesis 34:10 “So you will live with us, and the land shall be open to you; live and trade in it and acquire property in it.”
Literally: to be before (someone); hence: state in which humans are in someone else's service (to be in (someone's) service, to serve, to attend)

Examples
1 Samuel 19:7 Then Jonathan called David, and Jonathan told him all these words. And Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence as before.
1 Samuel 29:8 However, David said to Achish, “But what have I done? And what have you found in your servant since the day that I came before you, to this day, that I cannot go and fight against the enemies of my lord the king?”
Literally: before, in front of (someone); hence: a reference to the future (ahead of (time))

Examples
Ecclesiastes 9:1 For I have taken all this to my heart, even to examine it all, that righteous people, wise people, and their deeds are in the hand of God. People do not know whether it will be love or hatred; anything awaits them.
Literally: in front of; hence: a reference to a point in the time preceding a particular event (before (in time))

Examples
Genesis 13:10 Lot raised his eyes and saw all the vicinity of the Jordan, that it was well watered everywhere—this was before the LORD destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah—like the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt going toward Zoar.
Genesis 27:7 ‘Bring me some game and prepare a delicious meal for me, so that I may eat, and bless you in the presence of the LORD before my death.’
Genesis 27:10 “Then you shall bring it to your father, that he may eat, so that he may bless you before his death.”
to set before, to propose, to offer

Literally: to place (something) before (someone); hence: causative action by which a deity puts forward an object or condition for humans to decide as to whether they will take control of it or engage with it

Examples
Deuteronomy 1:8 ‘See, I have placed the land before you; go in and take possession of the land which the LORD swore to give to your fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, and their descendants after them.’
Deuteronomy 1:21 ‘See, the LORD your God has placed the land before you; go up, take possession, just as the LORD, the God of your fathers, has spoken to you. Do not fear or be dismayed.’
Deuteronomy 4:8 “Or what great nation is there that has statutes and judgments as righteous as this whole Law which I am setting before you today?
Literally: to place (someone) as (someone else); hence: state in which humans mistake a person for someone else (to take (someone) for (someone else))

Examples
1 Samuel 1:16 “Do not consider your bond-servant a useless woman, for I have spoken until now out of my great concern and provocation.”
to look angry

Literally: (one's) face falls; hence: process when humans become angry and show that with their facial expression

Examples
Genesis 4:5 but for Cain and his offering He had no regard. So Cain became very angry and his face was gloomy.
Genesis 4:6 Then the LORD said to Cain, “Why are you angry? And why is your face gloomy?
to look in anger

Literally: to cause (one's) face to fall; hence: action when deities show their anger by their facial expression

Examples
Jeremiah 3:12 “Go and proclaim these words toward the north and say, ‘Return, faithless Israel,’ declares the LORD; ‘I will not look at you in anger. For I am gracious,’ declares the LORD; ‘I will not be angry forever.
to lie down

Action by which humans assume a lying position, often in order to show respect, allegiance, or devotion

Examples
Genesis 17:3 Abram fell on his face, and God talked with him, saying,
Genesis 17:17 Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed, and said in his heart, “Will a child be born to a man a hundred years old? And will Sarah, who is ninety years old, give birth to a child?”
Joshua 5:14 He said, “No; rather I have come now as captain of the army of the LORD.” And Joshua fell on his face to the ground, and bowed down, and said to him, “What has my lord to say to his servant?”
bread of display, bread of the Presence, sacred bread

Literally: bread of the Presence; hence: sacred bread offered to YHWH, always present on a dedicated table in the temple

Examples
Exodus 25:30 “And you shall set the bread of the Presence on the table before Me continually.
to look up without shame

Literally: to lift up (one's) face; hence: action by which humans look up without shame

Examples
2 Samuel 2:22 Then Abner repeated again to Asahel, “Turn aside for your own good from following me. Why should I strike you to the ground? How then could I show my face to your brother Joab?”
Job 11:15 Then, indeed, you could lift up your face without moral blemish, And you would be firmly established and not fear.
Job 22:26 “For then you will take pleasure in the Almighty And lift up your face to God.
to put on a bold face

Literally to cause one's face to be strong, an action by which humans wear a bold expression to give other people the impression that they feel confident

Examples
Proverbs 7:13 So she seizes him and kisses him, And with a brazen face she says to him:
Literally: to lift up (one's) face; hence: process by which humans look up with confidence (to lift (one's) face)

Examples
Ezra 9:6 and I said, “My God, I am ashamed and humiliated to lift up my face to You, my God, for our wrongful deeds have risen above our heads, and our guilt has grown even to the heavens.
Literally: to look at each other; hence: action by which two parties engage in warfare together (to face each other (in battle))

Examples
2 Kings 14:8 Then Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash, the son of Jehoahaz son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, “Come, let’s face each other in combat.”
2 Kings 14:11 But Amaziah would not listen. So Jehoash king of Israel went up; and they faced each other, he and Amaziah king of Judah, at Beth-shemesh, which belongs to Judah.
2 Chronicles 25:17 Then Amaziah king of Judah took counsel and sent word to Joash the son of Jehoahaz the son of Jehu, the king of Israel, saying, “Come, let’s face each other.”
Literally: to turn (one's) face (from someone); hence: action by which humans or deities refrain from engaging in an activity involving another party (to turn (one's) face, to look away, to leave (someone) alone)

Examples
Ezekiel 7:22 ‘I will also turn My face away from them, and they will profane My treasure; then robbers will enter and profane it.
to give up

Literally: to turn (one's) face (from an activity); hence: action by which humans stop being engaged in a certain activity

Examples
Ezekiel 14:6 “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the Lord GOD says: “Repent and turn away from your idols, and turn your faces away from all your abominations.
face, manner, attitude

Literally: (one's) face; hence: a state in which humans have a facial expression that communicates their attitude

Examples
Genesis 31:2 And Jacob saw the attitude of Laban, and behold, it was not friendly toward him as it had been before.
Genesis 31:5 and said to them, “I see your father’s attitude, that it is not friendly toward me as it was before, but the God of my father has been with me.
Literally: to make (one's) face shine; hence: state in which a condition causes humans to be favorably disposed to other humans, which is visible in their facial expression (to make (one's) face shine, to bring a smile)

Examples
Ecclesiastes 8:1 Who is like the wise person and who knows the meaning of a matter? A person’s wisdom illuminates his face and makes his stern face brighten up.
Literally: to make (one's) face shine (on someone else); hence: state in which deities are favorably disposed to (other) humans which is visible in their facial expression and shown by their actions (to make (one's) face shine (on someone), to smile (at someone), to show favor (to someone))

Examples
Numbers 6:25 The LORD cause His face to shine on you, And be gracious to you;
Psalm 31:16 Make Your face shine upon Your servant; Save me in Your faithfulness.
Psalm 67:1 God be gracious to us and bless us, And cause His face to shine upon us— Selah
smile, favor

Literally: the light (of someone's) face; hence: state in which humans or deities are favorably disposed to (other) humans which is visible in their facial expression

Examples
Psalm 4:6 Many are saying, “Who will show us anything good?” Lift up the light of Your face upon us, LORD!
Psalm 44:3 For by their own sword they did not possess the land, And their own arm did not save them, But Your right hand and Your arm and the light of Your presence, For You favored them.
Psalm 89:15 Blessed are the people who know the joyful sound! LORD, they walk in the light of Your face.
shamefaced

Literally: shame of face; hence: state in which humans have a facial expression that communicates an emotion of shame

Examples
2 Chronicles 32:21 And the LORD sent an angel who destroyed every warrior, commander, and officer in the camp of the king of Assyria. So he returned in shame to his own land. And when he had entered the temple of his god, some of his own sons killed him there with the sword.
Ezra 9:7 “Since the days of our fathers to this day we have been in great guilt, and because of our wrongful deeds we, our kings, and our priests have been handed over to the kings of the lands, to the sword, to captivity, to plunder, and to open shame, as it is this day.
Jeremiah 7:19 “Are they provoking Me?” declares the LORD. “Is it not themselves instead, to their own shame?”
smile, favor

Literally: the light (of someone's) face; hence: state in which deities are favorably disposed to humans which is visible in their facial expression

Examples
Psalm 90:8 You have placed our guilty deeds before You, Our hidden sins in the light of Your presence.
to pull a cheerful face

Literally: to make (one's) face good; hence: action by which humans give expression to their happiness by pulling a cheerful face

Examples
Proverbs 15:13 A joyful heart makes a cheerful face, But when the heart is sad, the spirit is broken.
grim-faced, merciless

Literally: strong faced; hence: state in which humans are without compassion which shows in their facial expression

Examples
Deuteronomy 28:50 a nation with a defiant attitude, who will have no respect for the old, nor show favor to the young.
Daniel 8:23 “And in the latter period of their dominion, When the wrongdoers have run their course, A king will arise, Insolent and skilled in intrigue.
grimness, mercilessness

Literally: hardness of face; hence: state in which humans are without compassion which shows in their facial expression

Examples
Ecclesiastes 8:1 Who is like the wise person and who knows the meaning of a matter? A person’s wisdom illuminates his face and makes his stern face brighten up.
Literally: to let go of (one's) face; hence: action by which humans let go of sad expression on their face and try to look cheerful (to put off (one's) sad face)

Examples
Job 9:27 “Though I say, ‘I will forget my complaint, I will put my face in order and be cheerful,’
to grow pale

Literally: (one's) face grows pale; hence: process by which the human face turns unusually white as a result of blood leaving the face when experiencing a deep emotion of shame

Examples
Isaiah 29:22 Therefore this is what the LORD, who redeemed Abraham, says concerning the house of Jacob: “Jacob will not be ashamed now, nor will his face turn pale now;
hard face, unyielding face

Literally: a hard face; hence: state in which humans wear an expression on their face which communicates confidence and a lack of willingness to give in to pressure

Examples
Ezekiel 3:8 “Behold, I have made your face just as hard as their faces, and your forehead just as hard as their foreheads.
hard face, unyielding face

Literally: a face like flint; hence: state in which humans wear an expression on their face which communicates confidence and a lack of willingness to give in to pressure

Examples
Isaiah 50:7 For the Lord GOD helps Me, Therefore, I am not disgraced; Therefore, I have made My face like flint, And I know that I will not be ashamed.
to be shamefaced

Literally: (one's) face is ashamed; hence: state in which a human's facial expression communicates an emotion of shame

Examples
Psalm 34:5 They looked to Him and were radiant, And their faces will never be ashamed.
paleness

Literally: (one's) face (turns) to paleness; hence: process by which the human face turns unusually white as a result of blood leaving the face when experiencing a deep emotion of fear

Examples
Jeremiah 30:6 ‘Ask now, and see If a male can give birth. Why do I see every man With his hands on his waist, as a woman in childbirth? And why have all faces turned pale?
angry looks

Literally: angry face; hence: state in which the expression on someone's face communicates that person's anger

Examples
Proverbs 25:23 The north wind brings rain, And a gossiping tongue brings an angry face.
sad face

Literally: a sad face; hence: state in which humans wear an expression on their face which communicates grief

Examples
Genesis 40:7 So he asked Pharaoh’s officials who were with him in confinement in his master’s house, “Why are your faces so sad today?”
1 Samuel 1:18 She said, “Let your bond-servant find favor in your sight.” So the woman went on her way and ate, and her face was no longer sad.
Nehemiah 2:2 So the king said to me, “Why is your face sad, though you are not ill? This is nothing but sadness of heart.” Then I was very much afraid.
to be downcast

Literally: (one's) face grieves; hence: state in which a person's facial expression communicates emotions of grief

Examples
Ezekiel 27:35 ‘All the inhabitants of the coastlands Are appalled at you, And their kings are horribly afraid; They have a troubled look.
a sad face

Literally: badness of face; hence: state in which humans wear an expression on their face which communicates grief

Examples
Ecclesiastes 7:3 Sorrow is better than laughter, For when a face is sad a heart may be happy.
Literally: to change (someone's) face; hence: causative process by which deities or circumstances cause the expression of someone's face to be changed (to change (someone's) expression, to distort (someone's) face)

Examples
Job 14:20 “You forever overpower him and he departs; You change his appearance and send him away.
to be sad

Literally: (one's) face is bad; hence: state in which humans feel distressed or miserable about a particular situation, which shows on their face

Examples
Nehemiah 2:3 And I said to the king, “May the king live forever. Why should my face not be sad when the city, the site of my fathers’ tombs, is desolate and its gates have been consumed by fire?”
Literally: to cover (one's) face; hence: process by which certain events happen with a great intensity and its results are visible in the recipient's facial expression (to cover (one's) face)

Examples
Psalm 69:7 Because for Your sake I have endured disgrace; Dishonor has covered my face.
Jeremiah 51:51 We are ashamed because we have heard rebuke; Disgrace has covered our faces, Because strangers have entered The holy places of the LORD’S house.
to embrace

Literally: to fall on (someone's) face; hence: action by which humans spontaneously embrace other humans who are lying down

Examples
Genesis 50:1 Then Joseph fell on his father’s face, and wept over him and kissed him.
to appease

Literally: to cover (someone's) face causative action by which humans make an effort to cause a wronged party to forgive them

Examples
Genesis 32:20 and you shall say, ‘Behold, your servant Jacob also is behind us.’” For he said, “I will appease him with the gift that goes ahead of me. Then afterward I will see his face; perhaps he will accept me.”
Literally: (a situation) is over (someone's) face; hence: state in which humans are constantly reminded of a certain situation (to be mindful (of something))

Examples
Exodus 20:20 However, Moses said to the people, “Do not be afraid; for God has come in order to test you, and in order that the fear of Him may remain with you, so that you will not sin.”
Literally: to sharpen someone's face; hence: causative action by which humans increase the ability of others to assess different situations and react in an effective way (to sharpen (someone's) face > wit)

Examples
Proverbs 27:17 As iron sharpens iron, So one person sharpens another.
Literally: to place before (someone); hence: causative action by which humans pass on a message to other humans as if it were an object placed in front of them (to set before (someone) > to inform (someone))

Examples
Exodus 21:1 “Now these are the ordinances which you are to set before them:
Deuteronomy 4:44 Now this is the Law which Moses set before the sons of Israel;
to elude, to evade, to dodge

Literally: to turn away from (someone's) face; hence: action by which humans quickly turn and move away from approaching danger

Examples
1 Samuel 18:11 Then Saul hurled the spear, for he thought, “I will pin David to the wall.” But David escaped from his presence, twice.
Literally: to turn (one's) face back towards (something); hence: action by which humans decide to turn back and return to the place thy came from (to turn back (towards))

Examples
Daniel 11:19 “So he will turn his face toward the fortresses of his own land, but he will stumble and fall and not be found.
to favor, to give preference, to show respect, to show partiality

Literally: to respect (someone's) face; hence: action by which humans gives other humans a preferential treatment over other people

Examples
Leviticus 19:15 ‘You shall not do injustice in judgment; you shall not show partiality to the poor nor give preference to the great, but you are to judge your neighbor fairly.
Leviticus 19:32 ‘You shall stand up in the presence of the grayheaded and honor elders, and you shall fear your God; I am the LORD.
Lamentations 5:12 Leaders were hung by their hands; Elders were not respected.
partiality

Literally: knowing (someone's) face; hence: action with which humans favor one side in a dispute over the other

Examples
Isaiah 3:9 The expression of their faces testifies against them, And they display their sin like Sodom; They do not even conceal it. Woe to them! For they have done evil to themselves.
to show partiality

Literally: to recognize (someone's) face; hence: action by which humans favor one side in a dispute over the other

Examples
Deuteronomy 1:17 ‘You are not to show partiality in judgment; you shall hear the small and the great alike. You are not to be afraid of any person, for the judgment is God’s. The case that is too difficult for you, you shall bring to me, and I will hear it.’
Deuteronomy 16:19 “You shall not distort justice, you shall not show partiality; and you shall not accept a bribe, because a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and distorts the words of the righteous.
Proverbs 24:23 These also are sayings of the wise: To show partiality in judgment is not good.
partiality

Literally, lifting up of the face; hence: action with which humans favor one side in a dispute over the other

Examples
2 Chronicles 19:7 “Now then, let the fear of the LORD be upon you; be careful about what you do, for the LORD our God will have no part in injustice or partiality, or in the taking of a bribe.”
to show partiality

Literally, to lift up (someone's) face; hence: action with which humans or deities favor one side in a dispute over the other

Examples
Job 13:10 “He will certainly punish you If you secretly show partiality.
Psalm 82:2 How long will you judge unjustly And show partiality to the wicked? Selah
Proverbs 18:5 To show partiality to the wicked is not good, Nor to suppress the righteous in judgment.
to seek someone's presence

Literally to seek someone's face, an action by which humans make an intensive effort to be in the presence of another human or deity

Examples
2 Samuel 21:1 Now there was a famine in the days of David for three years, year after year; and David sought the presence of the LORD. And the LORD said, “It is because of Saul and his bloody house, because he put the Gibeonites to death.”
1 Kings 10:24 And all the earth was seeking the attention of Solomon, to hear his wisdom, which God had put in his heart.
2 Chronicles 7:14 and My people who are called by My name humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and I will forgive their sin and will heal their land.
Literally: to establish (one's) face (to fix (one's) gaze (on something))

Examples
Ezekiel 4:3 “Then get yourself an iron plate and set it up as an iron wall between yourself and the city, and direct your face toward it so that it is under siege, and besiege it. This will be a sign to the house of Israel.
Ezekiel 4:7 “Then you shall direct your face toward the siege of Jerusalem with your arm bared, and prophesy against it.
to look up

To lift up (one's) face; hence: action by which humans direct their face away from the ground so that they can see what is in the distance or in the sky

Examples
2 Kings 9:32 Then he raised his face toward the window and said, “Who is with me, who?” And two or three officials looked down at him.
to face

Literally: to set (one's) face (in a certain direction); hence: action by which humans or deities fix their eyes in a certain direction, often with the purpose of going there or taking action against it

Examples
Numbers 24:1 When Balaam saw that it pleased the LORD to bless Israel, he did not go as at other times to seek omens, rather he turned his attention toward the wilderness.
to face

Literally to set one's face in a certain direction, an action by which humans or deities fix their eyes in a certain direction, often with the purpose of going there or taking action against it

Examples
Leviticus 20:5 then I Myself will set My face against that man and against his family, and I will cut off from among their people both him and all those who play the prostitute with him, by playing the prostitute with Molech.
Jeremiah 21:10 “For I have set My face against this city for harm and not for good,” declares the LORD. “It will be handed over to the king of Babylon and he will burn it with fire.”’
Jeremiah 44:11 “Therefore this is what the LORD of armies, the God of Israel says: ‘Behold, I am going to set My face against you for a disaster, even to eliminate all Judah.
Literally: hiding (one's) face; hence: causative action by which humans cover their face in order to be unable to see or be seen (hiding (one's) face)

Examples
Isaiah 53:3 He was despised and abandoned by men, A man of great pain and familiar with sickness; And like one from whom people hide their faces, He was despised, and we had no regard for Him.
Literally: to hide (one's) face; hence: causative action by which humans cover their face in order to be unable to see or be seen (to hide (one's) face)

Examples
Exodus 3:6 And He said, “I am the God of your father—the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, for he was afraid to look at God.
Isaiah 50:6 I gave My back to those who strike Me, And My cheeks to those who pull out My beard; I did not hide My face from insults and spitting.
Literally: to stand before (someone); hence: state in which humans are in someone else's service (to be in (someone's) service, to serve, to attend)

Examples
Genesis 41:46 Now Joseph was thirty years old when he stood in the presence of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh and went through all the land of Egypt.
Deuteronomy 1:38 ‘Joshua the son of Nun, who stands before you, shall himself enter there; encourage him, for he will give it to Israel as an inheritance.
Deuteronomy 10:8 At that time the LORD singled out the tribe of Levi to carry the ark of the covenant of the LORD, to stand before the LORD to serve Him and to bless in His name, until this day.
Literally: to cause (someone) to stand before (someone else); hence: causative action by which humans cause (other) humans to be in someone else's service (to place in (someone's) service, to make serve, to cause to attend)

Examples
Numbers 8:13 “And you shall have the Levites stand before Aaron and his sons so as to present them as a wave offering to the LORD.
Literally: to fill (someone's) face with shame; hence: causative action by which deities cause humans to be deeply ashamed in such a way that it shows on their faces (to heap shame (on someone))

Examples
Psalm 83:16 Fill their faces with dishonor, So that they will seek Your name, LORD.
Literally: to see (someone's) face; hence: state in which humans are in the close presence of someone of a higher social status, such as a ruler, or even God himself (to see (someone's) face > to be in (someone's) presence)

Examples
Psalm 11:7 For the LORD is righteous, He loves righteousness; The upright will see His face.
Psalm 17:15 As for me, I shall behold Your face in righteousness; I shall be satisfied with Your likeness when I awake.
to be in someone's presence

Literally, to see someone's face, a state in which humans are in the close presence of someone of higher social status, such as a ruler, or even God himself

Examples
Genesis 33:10 Jacob said, “No, please, if now I have found favor in your sight, then accept my gift from my hand, for I see your face as one sees the face of God, and you have received me favorably.
Genesis 43:3 Judah spoke to him, however, saying, “The man sternly warned us, ‘You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you.’
Genesis 43:5 “But if you do not send him, we will not go down; for the man said to us, ‘You will not see my face unless your brother is with you.’”
Literally: to place (one's) face (in a certain direction); hence: action by which humans turn their face in a certain direction (to turn (one's) face)

Examples
Daniel 10:15 When he had spoken to me according to these words, I turned my face toward the ground and became speechless.
Literally: to turn (someone else's) face (in a certain direction); hence: causative action by which humans cause animals to look into a certain direction (to turn (someone's) face (in a certain direction))

Examples
Genesis 30:40 Then Jacob separated the lambs, and made the flocks face toward the striped and all the black in the flock of Laban; and he put his own herds apart, and did not put them with Laban’s flock.
Literally: to place (one's) face (in a certain direction); hence: action by which humans or deities direct their attention to a group of (other) humans, either with positive or negative intentions (to turn (against or towards someone))

Examples
Leviticus 17:10 ‘And anyone from the house of Israel, or from the strangers who reside among them, who eats any blood, I will set My face against that person who eats the blood, and will cut him off from among his people.
Leviticus 20:3 ‘I will also set My face against that man and will cut him off from among his people, because he has given some of his children to Molech, so as to defile My sanctuary and to profane My holy name.
Leviticus 20:6 ‘As for the person who turns to mediums and to spiritists, to play the prostitute with them, I will also set My face against that person and will cut him off from among his people.
Literally: to make (one's) face stand firm; hence: action by which humans keep the expression on their face unchanged for some time (to keep (one's) face expressionless)

Examples
2 Kings 8:11 And he stared steadily at him until Hazael was embarrassed, and then the man of God wept.
to turn one's face

Literally: to turn (one's) face; hence: action by which humans turn their face in a certain direction

Examples
1 Kings 21:4 So Ahab entered his house sullen and furious because of the answer that Naboth the Jezreelite had given to him, since he said, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” And he lay down on his bed and turned his face away, and ate no food.
2 Kings 20:2 Then he turned his face to the wall and prayed to the LORD, saying,
2 Chronicles 29:6 “For our fathers have been unfaithful and have done evil in the sight of the LORD our God, and they have abandoned Him and turned their faces away from the dwelling place of the LORD, and have turned their backs.
to grant success

Literally: to make (something) happen before (someone's) face; hence: causative action by which a deity causes something to happen for the benefit of someone else

Examples
Genesis 24:12 And he said, “LORD, God of my master Abraham, please grant me success today, and show kindness to my master Abraham.
Genesis 27:20 Isaac said to his son, “How is it that you have it so quickly, my son?” And he said, “Because the LORD your God made it come to me.”
to determine, to decide

Literally: to come before (someone's) face; hence: process by which deities come to an conclusion as to how they are going to achieve a particular purpose

Examples
Genesis 6:13 Then God said to Noah, “The end of humanity has come before Me; for the earth is filled with violence because of people; and behold, I am about to destroy them with the earth.
in mind

Literally: face; hence: state in which humans or deities have a strong opinion about something

Examples
Exodus 10:10 Then he said to them, “So may the LORD be with you, when I let you and your little ones go! Watch out, for evil is on your mind!
2 Chronicles 32:2 Now when Hezekiah saw that Sennacherib had come and that he intended to wage war against Jerusalem,
Psalm 34:16 The face of the LORD is against evildoers, To eliminate the memory of them from the earth.
to plan, to expect

Literally: to set (one's) face (to do something); hence: action by which humans exercise their minds to determine what will happen or what they will do

Examples
1 Kings 2:15 So he said, “You yourself know that the kingdom was mine and that all Israel intended for me to be king; however, the kingdom has turned around and become my brother’s, for it was his from the LORD.
2 Kings 12:17 Then Hazael the king of Aram went up and fought against Gath and captured it, and Hazael was intent on going up against Jerusalem.
Jeremiah 42:15 then in that case listen to the word of the LORD, you remnant of Judah. This is what the LORD of armies, the God of Israel says: “If you really set your minds to enter Egypt and go in to reside there,
Literally: to put before (one's) face; hence: action by which humans decide that something is of significant importance for them and needs to be dealt with (to set (one's) mind (on something))

Examples
Ezekiel 14:4 “Therefore speak to them and tell them, ‘This is what the Lord GOD says: “Anyone of the house of Israel who sets up his idols in his heart, puts in front of his face the stumbling block of his wrongdoing, and then comes to the prophet, I the LORD will let Myself answer him in the matter in view of the multitude of his idols,
Ezekiel 14:7 “For anyone of the house of Israel, or of the strangers who reside in Israel, who deserts Me, sets up his idols in his heart, puts in front of his face the stumbling block of his wrongdoing, and then comes to the prophet to request something of Me for himself, I the LORD will let Myself answer him Myself.
Literally: to cover (someone's) face; hence: causative action by which deities make it impossible for humans to see certain things (to cover (someone's) face > to make (someone) blind)

Examples
Job 9:24 “The earth is handed over to the wicked; He covers the faces of its judges. If it is not He, then who is it?
Literally: to grind (someone's) face; hence: causative action by which humans cause other humans to suffer harm and humiliation, which feels as if one's face has been has been crushed with a millstone (to grind (someone's) face)

Examples
Isaiah 3:15 “What do you mean by crushing My people And oppressing the face of the poor?” Declares the Lord GOD of armies.
to act with obstinacy

Literally: to harden (one's own) face; hence: action by which humans show themselves unwilling to listen to reason and do what is right

Examples
Jeremiah 5:3 LORD, do Your eyes not look for honesty? You have struck them, But they did not weaken; You have consumed them, But they refused to accept discipline. They have made their faces harder than rock; They have refused to repent.
Literally: to hide (one's) face (from someone); hence: action by which a deity does not engage with people, and does not intervene neither in their favor nor to punish, as if he were enable to see them (to hide (one's) face, to reject)

Examples
Deuteronomy 31:17 “Then My anger will be kindled against them on that day, and I will abandon them and hide My face from them, and they will be consumed, and many evils and troubles will find them; so they will say on that day, ‘Is it not because our God is not among us that these evils have found us?’
Deuteronomy 31:18 “But I will assuredly hide My face on that day because of all the evil that they will have done, for they will have turned away to other gods.
Deuteronomy 32:20 “Then He said, ‘I will hide My face from them, I will see what their end will be; For they are a perverse generation, Sons in whom there is no faithfulness.
to rise up, to rebel

Literally: to arise before (someone); hence: action by which humans reject the authority of a ruler to which they had formerly been subjected

Examples
Numbers 16:2 and they stood before Moses, together with some of the sons of Israel, 250 leaders of the congregation chosen in the assembly, men of renown.
Literally: to weaken someone's face; hence: causative action by which humans make an effort to make (other) humans or deities willing to act in their favor (to entreat (someone's) favor)

Examples
1 Samuel 13:12 I thought, ‘Now the Philistines will come down against me at Gilgal, and I have not asked the favor of the LORD.’ So I worked up the courage and offered the burnt offering.”
Psalm 45:12 The daughter of Tyre will come with a gift; The wealthy among the people will seek your favor.
Psalm 119:58 I sought Your favor with all my heart; Be gracious to me according to Your word.
to respect, to look upon or treat with favor, to honor

Literally: to lift up (someone's) face; hence: action by which humans or deities show favor or respect to someone, as if by allowing someone who is looking down out of shame or humility to look up directly into one's face

Examples
Numbers 6:26 The LORD lift up His face to you, And give you peace.’
1 Samuel 25:35 So David accepted from her hand what she had brought him, and said to her, “Go up to your house in peace. See, I have listened to you and granted your request.”
stubborn, obstinate

Literally: hard of face; hence: state in which humans are stubborn and unwilling to yield

Examples
Ezekiel 2:4 “So I am sending you to those who are impudent and obstinate children, and you shall say to them, ‘This is what the Lord GOD says:’
to refuse, to rebuff

Literally: to turn away (someone else's) face; hence: action by which humans or deities show their unwillingness to interact with (other) humans and honor their wishes

Examples
1 Kings 2:16 “So now I am making one request of you; do not refuse me.” And she said to him, “Speak.”
1 Kings 2:17 Then he said, “Please speak to Solomon the king—for he will not refuse you—that he may give me Abishag the Shunammite as a wife.”
1 Kings 2:20 Then she said, “I am making one small request of you; do not refuse me.” And the king said to her, “Ask, my mother, for I will not refuse you.”
Literally: to cast (someone) from (one's) face; hence: action by which deities end their relationship with humans and refuse to have anything to do with them anymore (to cast from (one's) presence, to reject)

Examples
2 Kings 13:23 But the LORD was gracious to them and had compassion on them and turned to them because of His covenant with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; and He was unwilling to eliminate them or cast them away from His presence until now.
2 Kings 17:20 So the LORD rejected all the descendants of Israel and afflicted them and handed them over to plunderers, until He had cast them out of His sight.
2 Kings 24:20 For it was due to the anger of the LORD that this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until He cast them out of His presence. And Zedekiah revolted against the king of Babylon.

How it’s used In 9 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

2,006 occurrences in 275 groups

יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 276
הוּhis 251
ךָyour 217
יmy 172
הֶםtheir 131
מֶלֶךְking 64
Other words · 183 groups that occur once or twice (229) 229

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

11 occurrences in 11 groups

אַרְבַּעfour 4
Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10

What it doesIt is the subject

27 occurrences in 19 groups

הָיָהto be, to become 5
הָלַךְto go, to walk 3
Other words · 17 groups that occur once or twice (19) 19

What is done to itIt is the object

218 occurrences in 50 groups

רָאָהto see 29
סָתַרto hide, to be hidden 28
נָשָׂאto lift up, to carry, to bear 25
שׂוּםto put, to set, to place 23
נָתַןto give, to put, to set 11
בָּקַשׁto seek, to search, to look for 10
Other words · 37 groups that occur once or twice (41) 41

Second object ofSecond object

1 occurrences in 1 groups

רָאָהto see 1

What it is said to bePredicate

37 occurrences in 17 groups

דֶּרֶךְway, road 8
פָּנִיםface, presence, before 6
אֶחָדone 3
Other words · 14 groups that occur once or twice (20) 20

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

64 occurrences in 53 groups

פָּנִיםface, presence, before 6
אֵילָםporch 3
אַמָּהcubit 3
אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 3
Other words · 49 groups that occur once or twice (58) 58

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

1,637 occurrences in 10 groups

לto/for 1,930
מִןfrom 577
עַלon, upon, over, against 299
אֵתwith 58
אֵלto, toward 56
בin/on/with 32
Other words · 2 groups that occur once or twice (2) 2

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

55 occurrences in 27 groups

בֹּשֶׁתshame 6
לֶחֶםbread, food 6
אוֹרlight 5
נָשָׂאto lift up, to carry, to bear 4
עֵבֶרbeyond, side, across 4
יְשׁוּעָהsalvation, deliverance 3
Other words · 19 groups that occur once or twice (21) 21

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 9 words

πρόσωπον prósōpon · G4383 · face, person, individual: Greek πρόσωπον renders Hebrew פָּנִים across its full semantic range including literal face/countenance, figurative presence/person, and idiomatic expressions involving 'before' or 'in the presence of,' making it the standard Greek equivalent for this Hebrew term.
ἔμπροσθεν émprosthen · G1715 · in front of, before, in front: ἔμπροσθεν (émprosthen, G1715) serves as the primary Greek prepositional equivalent for פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) in its spatial and temporal 'before/in front of' sense, rendering the Hebrew idiom of physical/figurative presence with Greek locative force.
ἔναντι énanti · G1725 · in front of, before, in the sight of: Greek ἔναντι specifically denotes spatial/figurative positioning 'in front of' or 'in the presence of,' serving as a functional translation equivalent for the locational and presence-oriented senses of Hebrew פָּנִים ('face/presence'), though Hebrew פָּנִים carries broader idiomatic range beyond what ἔναντι renders.
ἐναντίον enantíon · G1726 · in front of, before, in the sight of: Greek ἐναντίον (enantíon, G1726) specifically denotes spatial/relational positioning 'in the presence/view of' as an adverbial construction, directly rendering the locative-prepositional uses of Hebrew פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) ('face/presence') in phrases indicating being before/in front of someone, though פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440)'s semantic range extends beyond this to abstract idioms (countenance, anger, time expressions) that ἐναντίον does not cover.
ἐνώπιον enṓpion · G1799 · in front of, before, in the sight of: Greek ἐνώπιον (‘in the face of,’ literally or figuratively) is the primary Septuagint rendering for the prepositional, spatial-relational sense of Hebrew פָּנִים — ‘before, in the presence of’ — whether the literal face-to-face positioning or the figurative sense of standing before authority or before God.
κατέναντι katénanti · G2713 · opposite, in front of, before: κατέναντι (katénanti, G2713) κατέναντι specifically renders the spatial/locational sense of פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) פָּנִים when used to mean 'before/in front of/opposite to' (as in phrases like לִפְנֵי 'before'), representing the Greek compound's literal 'directly opposite' meaning as a translation of Hebrew's 'face/presence' metaphor for spatial position.
κατενώπιον katenṓpion · G2714 · in front of, before, in the sight of: Hebrew פָּנִים (face, presence, before) serves as a broad spatial and relational term with idiomatic range across physical position, temporal priority, and abstract concepts like favor or anger, whereas Greek κατενώπιον specifically denotes spatial position directly in front of or in the presence of someone, representing a register-narrowed equivalent that captures only the locative 'before/in front of' subset of the Hebrew term's semantic field.
πρότερον próteron · G4386 · before, former, formerly: πρότερον (próteron, G4386) πρότερον specifically renders the temporal 'before(-time)' sense of פָּנִים (pânîym, H6440) פָּנִים when the Hebrew uses this spatial/presence term idiomatically for temporal precedence, not the primary spatial/face meanings.
ἀπέναντι apénanti · G561 · opposite, in front of, before: Greek ἀπέναντι (‘from in front, i.e. opposite, before, or against’) denotes ‘opposite’ or ‘facing’ positioning with a hostile, confrontational force, while Hebrew פָּנִים broadly covers face, presence, and countenance across a wider spatial and relational range, including neutral or favorable contexts. ἀπέναντι renders the subset of פָּנִים’s uses where oppositional spatial orientation is in view.

Word family 6 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

פָּנָה pânâh · H6437 · to turn, to turn around, to follow (one's own) interests · 134×פָּנִיםpânîym · H6440פֵּן pên · H6435 · lest, otherwise · 133×פְּנִימִי pᵉnîymîy · H6442 · within, inside, inner · 32×פְּנִימָה pᵉnîymâh · H6441 · within, inside, inner · 14×לִפְנַי liphnay · H3942 · face, person · 0×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6440. panim or paneh [מָּנֶה], plural מָּנִים2123 noun masculinePro 25:23 and (Ezekiel =…

H6440. panim
or paneh [מָּנֶה], plural מָּנִים2123
noun masculinePro 25:23 and (Ezekiel = Pro 21:21 = edge; on 2Sa 10:9 see below) feminine face, also faces (as turned toward one); — plural absolute מָּנִים Gen 32:31 +; construct מְּנֵי 2Sa 14:32 +; suffix 1 singular מָּנַי Gen 43:3 +; 3 masculine singular מָּנָיו Gen 4:5 +, מָּנֵי֑מוֺ Psa 11:7 (Köll.1.446); 2 masculine pluralמְּנֵיכֶם Gen 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural, Gen 4:5-6, Exo 33:14 +; with verb singular Lam 4:16 (through influence of intervening ׳י, Ges§ 146a), Pro 15:14 (but read מִּי, as Qr, see מֶּה); —
I. 1. face, faces (Jer 30:6; Eze 27:35 +, compare Eze 1:6; Eze 10:14, Eze 10:21 etc.):
a. literally, of man Gen 43:31; 2Sa 19:5; 1Ki 19:13; Lev 13:14; Dan 8:18; Dan 10:9, Dan 10:15 +; פ ׳עוֺר Exo 35:29-30, Exo 35:35; pale (from alarm) Isa 29:22; Jer 30:6, flushed Isa 13:8; Eze 21:3, compare Nah 2:11; Joe 2:6; tearful Isa 25:8; Job 16:16; sad, ׳פ רעים Gen 40:7, compare Neh 2:2-3, also פ ׳רֹעַ Ecc 7:8 i.e. sadness; פ ׳יֵּיטִב Pro 15:13 maketh glad the face; פָנֶיךָ נָָֽפְלוּ, Gen 4:5-6, why is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare 1Sa 1:18 (reading לוּ נָָֽפְ נָָֽפְלָה,, or הִמִּילָה); covered with shame Eze 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture Jer 51:51; Psa 69:8; Psa 83:17, etc.
b. of ׳י Exo 33:20, compare Exo 33:23.
c. אֶלמָּֿנִים מָּנִים face to face, of seeing (God) Gen 32:31, compare Jdg 6:22, knowing Deu 34:10, judging Eze 20:35, speaking Exo 33:11, and so ׳פ ׳בְּפ Deu 5:4; פָנִים נִתְרֶאֶה 2Ki 14:8 see each other (in the) face = meet each other in battle, compare 2Ki 14:11 2Ch 25:17, 2Ch 25:21.
d. of relations with פ ׳הֵרִים ׳׃י Ezr 9:6, in worship (see also נשׂא); in spiritual sense Jer 2:27; Jer 32:33 (פָנִים וְלֹא עֹרֶף אֵלַי מָּנָה); פ ׳נָתַן י ׳לִדְרוֺשׁ2Ch 20:3; אֶלאֲֿדֹנָי אֶתפֿ ׳נָתַן Dan 9:3; פָנִים קְשֵׁי הַבָּנִים Eze 2:4.
e. of ׳י himself, מִכֶּם מָּנִיםִ יָסִיר לֹא2Ch 30:9; רָ֑ע י ׳מְּנֵי בְּעֹשֵׂי Psa 34:17; מָּנֶיךָ גַּעֲרַת Psa 80:17. — See further below
7. 2. a. = presence, person, of ׳י Exo 33:14-15, בְּפָנָיו Deu 4:37, מָּנָיו מַלְאַךְ Isa 63:9; הַמָּנִים לֶחֶם, see לֶחֶם; of ׳יs angry presence Lam 4:16; Psa 21:10; of Absalom 2Sa 17:11; in weakened sense, nearly = suffix (compare נפשׁ 4a), Pro 7:15.
b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man Gen 32:21 (+ 3 other uses of ׳פ), (God, with יראה pointed as
Niph`al, see II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank Gen 43:3, Gen 43:5; Gen 44:23, Gen 44:26, king Exo 10:28 (twice in verse) compare Exo 10:29 (all J), 2Sa 14:24 (twice in verse); 2Sa 14:28, 2Sa 14:32; compare 2Sa 3:13 (twice in verse); הַמֶּלֶךְ פְנֵי רֹאֵי 2Ki 25:19 = Jer 52:25; Est 1:14; implying favour of person seen, man Gen 33:10 (J), God Gen 33:10, compare Job 33:26 (Hiph`il), and, with חזה, Psa 11:7; Psa 17:15.
3 face of seraphim Isa 6:2, cherubim Exo 25:20 (twice in verse) = Exo 37:9 (twice in verse), Eze 1:8, Eze 1:11; 2Ch 3:13 +.
4 face of animals, הַצּאֹן מְּנֵי Gen 30:40; ופ ׳שׁוֺר נֶשֶׁר ׳פ וּפ ׳אַרְיֵה Eze 1:10 (in descr. of cherubim), compare Eze 10:14; ׳פ אַרְיֵה also 1Ch 12:8 (figurative), כְֿפִיר׳פ Eze 41:19; פ ׳מִּתְחֵי Job 41:6 of crocodile.
5 face (= surface) of ground (הָאֲדָמָה) Gen 2:6; Gen 4:14; Gen 7:4; Psa 104:30 +, so ׳פ הָאָרֶץ Gen 1:29; Gen 7:3; Gen 8:9; Gen 11:4, Gen 11:8, Gen 11:9; Gen 19:28; Isa 24:1, ׳פ תֵבֵל Isa 14:21; Isa 27:6; of a field Pro 24:31; ׳פ תְהוֺם Gen 1:2 (twice in verse); Job 38:30, ׳פ הַמַּיִם Gen 7:18; הַשָּׁמַיִם׳פ רְקִיעַ Gen 1:20; כִֿסֵּה׳פ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads כֶּסֶה fullmoon); ׳פ הַלּוֺט Job 25:7 see [ לוּט; ׳פ לְבוּשׁוֺ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's] coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house Eze 41:14; Eze 47:1, ׳פ הַקֹּדֶשׁ Eze 41:21; of gate Eze 40:6, Eze 40:20, Eze 40:22; Eze 42:15; Eze 43:4; of chamber Eze 40:44 (twice in verse); Eze 40:45-46, of pot (סִיר) Jer 1:13; ׳פ הַמִּלְחָמָה 2Sa 10:9 battle-front = 1Ch 19:10 (verb agrees with ׳הַמּ in Gender, Ges§ 146a); = van of locust-army Joe 2:20 (opposed to סֹפוֺ); front, i.e. edge, of sword Eze 21:21, of axe Ecc 10:10; = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its appearance; of flock Pro 27:23; ׳פ הַדָּבָר 2Sa 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude) of the affair.
6 as
adverb of location וּמֵאָחוֺר מִמָּנִים 2Sa 10:9 before and behind = ׳פ ׳וְֿ 1Ch 19:10, also Eze 2:10; 2Ch 13:14; מְּנֵי toward Cant 7:5, also in front (to the East?) of2Ch 20:16 (see לִפְנֵי
d below); לְפָנִים forward Jer 7:24 (opposed to לְאחוֺר); מִלִּפְנִים 1Ki 6:29 see מְּנִימָה;
adverb temporal לְפָנִים formerly Deu 2:12, Deu 2:20; Jos 11:10; Jdg 1:10-11, Jdg 1:13 Jdg 1:12t.; מִלְּפָנִים Isa 41:26 from beforetime (|| מֵראֹשׁ).
7 for other phrases see: אוֺר
verb Hiph`il 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ
Hiph`il; בקשׁ Pi`el 3; בּשֶׁת
1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר
2; זָעַם
Niph`al; זָעַף
1; הָבַשׁ 1a; I. חָרָה I חָוַר; חָזַק Pi`el 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד
Hoph`al; יְשׁוּעָה
3; כּוּן Hiph`il 3; כִּמֶּר
1; כָּסָה Pi`el 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה p. 169; I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph`il 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר
Hiph`il; נָפַל 3b, and Hiph`il 5; נָשָׂא 1b (3); נָתַן 2b; סָבַב Hiph`il 1 a; סָתַר Hiph`il 2; I. עֵבֶר
2; עָזַז עַז,
Hiph`il; עָמַד Hiph`il 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם]
Pi`el; שִׂים; שׁוּב
Hiph`il; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה
Pi`el; תֹּפֶת.
II. מְּנֵי with prepositions: —
1 אֶלמְּֿנֵי:
a. to the presence of, Exo 23:17 pregnantly הָאָדוֺן אֶלמְּֿנֵי ֗֗֗ יֵרָאֶה shall appear (coming) to the presence of (= before) ׳י (|| Exo 34:23 הָא ׳אֶתמְּֿנֵי); with יָצָא = to confront2Ch 19:2.
b. to the front of, after a verb of motion, Lev 6:7 אֶלמְּֿנֵ ֗֗֗ אֹתָהּ ׳הַקְרֵב הַמִּזְבֵּחַ, Lev 9:5; Lev 16:2; Num 17:8; Num 20:10.
c. towards or on the front of (אֶל = עַל), Eze 41:4, Eze 41:12, Eze 41:15, Eze 41:25; Eze 42:2-3, Eze 42:7, Eze 42:10, Eze 42:13; Eze 45:7; Eze 48:21.
d. on to the surface of, Lev 14:53 הַשָּׂדֶה אֶלמְּֿנֵי ֗֗֗ וְשִׁלַּח, Eze 16:5.
2 אֶתמְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
a. the presence of, 1Sa 2:11 ׳אֶתפֿ עֵלִי 1Ki 12:6 who stood ׳אֶתפֿ שְׁלֹמֹה (compare לִפְנֵי 1Ki 10:8), Est 1:10; Pro 17:24; pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ7 ᵑ6 We Dr and others) 1Sa 22:4. Specifically י ׳אֶתמְּֿנֵי Gen 19:13 (1Sa 2:17), 1Sa 2:27; 1Sa 2:18; and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exo 34:23 אֶתפֿ כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ ׳יֵרָאֶה הָאָדֹן, Exo 34:24; Deu 16:16 (compare Dr), Deu 31:11; 1Sa 1:22 (|| ׳אלפֿ ׳י Exo 23:17); so מָּנַי alone Exo 23:15 = Exo 34:20 (רֵיקָם פָנַי יֵרָאוּ לֹא), Isa 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Psa 42:3 (according to many, GesThes DiExo 23:15 CheIsa 1:12, critical note, the verb in all these passages was originally
Qal, afterwards pointed as
Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳י); אֶתמָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Psa 16:10; Psa 21:7; Psalm 140:14.
b. in front of, Gen 33:18. אֶתפֿ ׳וַיִּחַן הָעִיר, Lev 4:6 י ׳לִפְנֵי ׳אֶתפֿ הַקֹּדֶשׁ פָרֹכֶת Lev 4:17. — מְּנֵי מֵאֵת from before, see II. אֵת 4a. 3. בִּפְנֵי: (a) in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import: thus, with יָרַק to spit Num 12:14; Deu 25:9; התיצב to make a stand Deu 7:24; Deu 11:25, and עמד Jos 10:8, בְּפָנֶיךָ אִישׁ יַעֲמֹד לֹא Jos 21:42; Jos 23:9; עָנָה to answer (give evidence) against, Hos 5:5 בפניו ישׂראל גאון וענה, Hos 7:10; Job 16:8; בִּפְנֵיהֶם וְנָקֹטוּ = feel loathing against their own selves, Eze 6:9, so Eze 20:43; Eze 36:31. (b) in front of, Eze 42:12.
4 לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most General word for in the presence of, before: as Gen 18:22 אַבְרָהָם לִפְנֵי עֹמֵד, Exo 4:21; Exo 11:10; 2Sa 2:14; Pro 17:18 + often; after a verb of motion, Gen 47:2 פ ׳לפני וַיַּצִּיגֵם and set them before Pharaoh, Gen 27:20 לפני י הִקְרָה ׳כִּי literally made (it) to meet before me (compare Gen 24:12), Exo 29:10; Pro 18:16 etc. In particular,
a. With the implication of (a) under the eye or oversight of, Deu 25:2; 1Sa 3:1. (b) under the eye and regard of, Gen 17:18 לְפָנֶיךָ יִחְיֶה יִשְׁמָעֵאל לוּ, Hos 6:2; Isa 53:2; Psa 61:8; compare Jer 30:20; Jer 31:36; Isa 66:22; Psalm 102:29: also 1Sa 2:28; 2Sa 19:14. (c) figurative for in (or into) the full (mental) view of, Gen 6:13 לְפָנַי בָּא כָּלבָּֿשָׂר קֵץ is come in before me, Lam 1:22 לְפָנֶיךָ כָלרָֿעָתָם תָּבאֹ, Jon 1:2 לְפָנַי עָֽלְתָה (compare אֶל Gen 18:21; Exo 2:23), Isa 65:6 לְפָנָ֑י כְּתוּבָה, Jer 2:22 לְפָנָי נִכְתָּךְ (compare נֶגְדִּי Isa 47:12). (d) openly before, 1Sa 12:2 לִפְנֵי הִתְהַלֵךְ, and with collateral idea of deserving (and receiving) regard 1Sa 2:35, especially י ׳לפני Gen 17:1 and elsewhere. (e) in presence of the moon or sun, Psa 72:5; Psa 72:17, i.e. as long as they endure. (f) free before, at the disposal of,Gen 13:9 לְפָנֶיךָ כָלהָֿאָרֶץ הֲלֹא (compare Gen 20:15; Gen 34:10; Gen 47:6; Jer 40:4; 2Ch 14:6), 2 Chron 24:51; Son 8:12. (g) in the sight (estimation) of, Gen 7:1 thee have I seen to be just before me, Gen 10:9 a mighty hunter before ׳י, Deu 24:4 ל ׳תּוֺעֵבָה ׳י, Deu 24:13 ל ׳צְדָקָה ׳י, 1Sa 20:1 b, ׳ל ׳י אָרוּר Jos 6:26; 1Sa 26:19, ל ׳לְרָצוֺן ׳י acceptable before ׳י, Lev 1:3 +, Psalm 19:15; 2Ki 5:1 a great man אֲדֹנָיו לִפְנֵי, Pro 14:12; Psa 143:2; ל ׳וַיִּיטַב (late synonym of earlier בְּעֵנֵי) Neh 2:5-6, Est 5:14; ל ׳טוֺב Ecc 2:26; Ecc 7:26; compare also לִפְנֵי לְרַחֲמִים נָתַן, see רַחֲמִים. (h) י ׳לִפְנֵי, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of ׳י's presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary: Gen 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee before ׳י, before I die, Exo 18:12 to eat bread before God, Deu 1:45 ye wept before ׳י, Deu 6:25; Deu 12:7 (to eat, so Deu 12:18; Deu 14:23, <ref>Deu

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 32 entries

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0