Word

אֱלֹהִים

ʼĕlôhîym · H430 · Hebrew · 2,601 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. heavenly beings

    Plural with plural meaning: generic term for a supernatural being, worshiped by individuals or entire nations

    Examples

    Genesis 31:30 “Now you have indeed gone away because you longed greatly for your father’s house; but why did you steal my gods?”

    Genesis 31:32 “The one with whom you find your gods shall not live; in the presence of our relatives point out what is yours among my belongings and take it for yourself.” Now Jacob did not know that Rachel had stolen them.

    Genesis 35:2 So Jacob said to his household and to all who were with him, “Remove the foreign gods which are among you, and purify yourselves and change your garments;

  2. Plural with singular meaning: generic term for a supernatural being, worshiped by individuals or entire nations (god (of someone), God (of someone))

    Examples

    Genesis 6:2 that the sons of God saw that the daughters of mankind were beautiful; and they took wives for themselves, whomever they chose.

    Genesis 6:4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came in to the daughters of mankind, and they bore children to them. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown.

    Genesis 9:26 He also said, “Blessed be the LORD, The God of Shem; And may Canaan be his servant.

  3. God

    Plural with singular meaning: the highest God, creator of heaven and earth

    Examples

    Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

    Genesis 1:2 And the earth was a formless and desolate emptiness, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters.

    Genesis 1:3 Then God said, “Let there be light”; and there was light.

  4. man of God

    Person who is closely associated with God, who speaks on behalf of God, and through whom inquiries can be made of God

    Examples

    Deuteronomy 33:1 Now this is the blessing with which Moses the man of God blessed the sons of Israel before his death.

    Joshua 14:6 Then the sons of Judah approached Joshua in Gilgal, and Caleb the son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to him, “You know the word which the LORD spoke to Moses the man of God on account of you and me in Kadesh-barnea.

    Judges 13:6 Then the woman came and told her husband, saying, “A man of God came to me, and his appearance was like the appearance of the angel of God, very awesome. So I did not ask him where he came from, nor did he tell me his name.

  5. judges

    People with the duty of judging people's cases; perhaps seen as representatives of God on earth

    Examples

    Exodus 21:6 then his master shall bring him to God, then he shall bring him to the door or the doorpost. And his master shall pierce his ear with an awl; and he shall serve him permanently.

    Exodus 22:8 “If the thief is not caught, then the owner of the house shall appear before the judges, to determine whether he laid his hands on his neighbor’s property.

    Exodus 22:9 “For every breach of trust, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any lost thing about which one says, ‘This is it,’ the case of both parties shall come before the judges; he whom the judges condemn shall pay double to his neighbor.

  6. State in which an object is impressive in size, evoking an association with God (mighty, large, great (in size))

    Examples

    Psalm 68:15 The mountain of Bashan is a mountain of God; The mountain of Bashan is a mountain of many peaks.

  7. State in which objects are impressive in number, evoking an association with God (mighty (in number))

    Examples

    Psalm 68:17 The chariots of God are myriads, thousands upon thousands; The Lord is among them as at Sinai, in holiness.

  8. State in which a human being is highly esteemd, evoking an association with God (mighty (in status))

    Examples

    Genesis 23:6 “Hear us, my lord: you are a mighty prince among us; bury your dead in the choicest of our graves; none of us will refuse you his grave for burying your dead.”

  9. Process by which an event takes place with great intensity, evoking an association with God (mighty, exceedingly, great (in intensity))

    Examples

    Genesis 1:2 And the earth was a formless and desolate emptiness, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters.

    Genesis 23:6 “Hear us, my lord: you are a mighty prince among us; bury your dead in the choicest of our graves; none of us will refuse you his grave for burying your dead.”

    Genesis 30:8 So Rachel said, “With mighty wrestling I have wrestled with my sister, and I have indeed prevailed.” And she named him Naphtali.

  10. godly, holy

    State in which humans are characterized as pure and undefiled in character, evoking an association with God

    Examples

    Malachi 2:15 But not one has done so who has a remnant of the Spirit. And why the one? He was seeking a godly offspring. Be careful then about your spirit, and see that none of you deals treacherously against the wife of your youth.

How it’s used In 10 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

1,427 occurrences in 66 groups

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

121 occurrences in 42 groups

Named alongside itApposition

1,021 occurrences in 31 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

370 occurrences in 120 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

154 occurrences in 40 groups

Second object ofSecond object

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What it is said to bePredicate

71 occurrences in 36 groups

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

86 occurrences in 22 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

310 occurrences in 14 groups

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

490 occurrences in 96 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 1 word
θεός theós · G2316 · God, god
Greek θεός (theós, G2316) ('a deity,' especially the supreme divinity, but also figuratively 'a magistrate,' and by Hebraism an intensifier meaning 'very') directly translates Hebrew אֱלֹהִים across its full semantic range — supreme divinity, divine beings or angels, and judges or magistrates — representing the standard Septuagint rendering across the great majority of the target term's occurrences.
Semantic domains 9 entries
Deities001001001
אֱלֹהִים is the ordinary Hebrew word for God or gods, used from the opening verse of Genesis for the Creator.
Names of Deities003001004
The word functions as God's own name or title throughout the text, as in "the Spirit of God."
Prophets001001003010
The plural form can be applied to those who speak in God's stead, a prophetic or representative role before others.
Professions001001003009
אֱלֹהִים can also denote human judges or magistrates, an office bearing God-given authority.
Large002001001037
The word can intensify a noun to mean exceedingly great, a superlative sense built on the divine name.
Quantity002001001046
In the same intensifying use, אֱלֹהִים can denote an especially large quantity or extent of something.
Great002001002012
The word conveys surpassing greatness, describing something remarkable beyond ordinary measure.
Intense002001003011
אֱלֹהִים can mark an intense degree, such as an especially fierce or overwhelming wind or terror.
Just002001002016
The word can be tied to the exercise of righteous judgment, consistent with its use for judges rendering verdicts.
Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H430. elohim אֱלֹהִים2570 noun masculine plural (feminine 1Ki 11:33; on number of…
H430. elohim
אֱלֹהִים2570 noun masculine plural (feminine 1Ki 11:33; on number of occurrences of אֱלֹהִים אֱלוֺהַּ, אֵל, compare also Nesl. c,)
1 plural in number.
a. rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power: האלהים Exo 21:6 (Onk ᵑ6, but τὸ κριτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ ᵐ5) Exo 22:7; Exo 22:8; אלהים Exo 22:8; Exo 22:27 (ᵑ7 Ra AE Ew RVm; but gods, ᵐ5 Josephus Philo AV; God, Di RV; all Covt. code of E) compare 1Sa 2:25 see Dr.; Jdg 5:8 (Ew, but gods ᵐ5; God ᵑ6 BarHebr.; ᵑ9 יהוה Be) Psa 82:1; Psa 82:6 (De Ew Pe; but angels Bl Hup) Psa 138:1 (ᵑ7 ᵑ6 Rab Ki De; but angels ᵐ5 Calv; God, Ew; gods, Hup Pe Che).
b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels Psa 8:6 (De Che Br; but angels ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Ew; God, RV and most moderns) Gen 1:27 (if with Philo ᵑ7 Jerome De Che we interpret נעשה as God's consultation with angels; compare Job 38:7).
c. angels Psalm Job 97:7 (ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Calv; but gods, Hup De Pe Che); compare (ה)אלהים בני = (the) sons of God, or sons of gods = angels Job 1:6; Job 2:1; Job 38:7; Gen 6:2, Gen 6:4 (J; so ᵐ5 Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude Jdg 1:6 2Pe 2:4 JosAnt. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.; sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jerome Augustine Luther Calv Hengst; ᵐ5L read οἱ υιὁὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), compare אלים בני.
d. gods האלהים Exo 18:11; Exo 22:19 (E) 1Sa 4:8; 2Ch 2:4; Psa 86:8; האלהים אלהי the God of gods, supreme God Deu 10:17; Psa 136:2; אלהים Exo 32:1, Exo 32:23 (JE) Jdg 9:13; אחרים אלהים other gods Exo 20:3; Exo 23:13; Jos 24:2, Jos 24:16 (E) Deu 31:18, Deu 31:20 (JE) Deu 5:7 + (17 t. in D, not P) Jdg 2:12, Jdg 2:17, Jdg 2:19; Jdg 10:13; 1Sa 8:8; 1Sa 26:19; 1Ki 9:6, 1Ki 9:9 (= 2Ch 7:19, 2Ch 7:22) 2Ch 11:4, 2Ch 11:10; 2Ch 14:9; 2Ki 5:17; 2Ki 17:35, 2Ki 17:37, 2Ki 17:38; 2Ki 22:17 (= 2Ch 34:25) 2Ch 28:25; Jer 1:16 + (18 t. Jeremiah) Hos 3:1; (ה)נכר אלהי foreign gods Gen 35:2, Gen 35:4; Jos 24:20, Jos 24:23 (E) Deu 31:16 (JE) Jdg 10:16; 1Sa 7:3; 2Ch 33:15; Jer 5:19; ׳א נחור Gen 31:53 (E); ׳א מצרים Exo 12:12 (P) Jer 43:12-13, ׳א האמרי Jos 24:15 (E) Jdg 6:10; ׳א ארם etc. Jdg 10:6; ידי מעשה אלהים Deu 4:28; ׳א הגוים gods of the nations 2Ki 18:33; 2Ki 19:12; Deu 29:17; 2Ch 32:17, 2Ch 32:19; Isa 36:18; Isa 37:12; ׳א העמים Deu 6:14; Deu 13:8; Jdg 2:12; Psa 96:5; 1Ch 5:25; 1Ch 16:26; 2Ch 32:13-14, ׳א כסף Exo 20:23 (E); ׳א זהב Exo 20:23 (E) Exo 32:31 (JE); ׳א מַסֵּכָה Exo 34:17 (J) Lev 19:4 (H).
2 Plural intensive.
a. god or goddess, always with suffix 1Sa 5:7 (Dagon), Jdg 11:24 (Chemosh), 1Ki 18:24 (Baal), Jdg 9:27; Dan 1:2 (twice in verse); or construct ׳א א לכמוש ׳צדנים מואב לעשתרת to Ashtoreth goddess of the Zidonians, Chemosh god of Moab, etc. 1Ki 11:33; ׳א הארץ god of the land 2Ki 17:26 (twice in verse); 2Ki 17:27, and so the Syrians suppose that Yahweh is a mountain-god and not a god of valleys 1Ki 20:28.
b. godlike one Exo 4:16 (J; Moses in relation to Aaron), Exo 7:1 (P; in relation to Pharaoh), 1Sa 28:13 (the shade of Samuel), Psa 45:7 (the Messianic king, O God, ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Jerome, most scholars ancient and modern, but thy throne is God's = God's throne AE Ki Thea Ew Hup, compare 1Ch 28:5). c. works of God, or things specially belonging to him (see אֵל 5) אלהים הר Psa 68:16; Eze 28:14, Eze 28:16; אלהים אש Job 1:16; (ה)אלהים גן Eze 28:13; Eze 31:8-9,. d. God (see 3 & 4).
3 הָאֱלֹהִים the (TRUE) God, ׳י האלהים הוא Yahweh is (the) God Deu 4:35, Deu 4:39; Deu 7:9; 1Ki 8:60; 1Ki 18:39 (twice in verse); 2Ch 33:13; האלהים הוא Isa 45:18; ׳י האלהים Jos 22:34 (P ?) 1Ki 18:21, 1Ki 18:24; 2Ch 32:16; האלהים הוא אתה 2Sa 7:28; 1Ki 18:37; 2Ki 19:15; 1Ch 17:26; Isa 37:16; Neh 9:7; האלהים as subject or object is used in E 33 t., Chronicles 38 t., Eccl 31 t., Jonah 5 t., elsewhere Gen 5:22, Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9, Gen 6:11 (sources of P) Gen 17:18 (P) Jos 22:34 (P ?) Gen 44:16 (J) Deu 4:35, Deu 4:39; Deu 7:9; Jdg 6:36, Jdg 6:39; Jdg 7:14; Jdg 10:14; Jdg 16:28; Jdg 21:2; 1Sa 10:3, 1Sa 10:7; 1Sa 14:36; 2Sa 2:27; 2Sa 6:7; 2Sa 7:28; 2Sa 12:16; 1Ki 8:60; 1Ki 18:21, 1Ki 18:24 (twice in verse); 1Ki 18:37, 1Ki 18:39 (twice in verse); 1Ki 19:15 (Ephr) Job 2:10; Jer 11:12; Isa 37:16; Isa 45:18; Psalm 108:14; Dan 1:9, Dan 1:17; ׳י ׳הא הקדוש 1Sa 6:20; ׳י ׳הא הגדול Neh 8:6; הא ׳בירושלם אשר Ezr 1:3; האלהים אדני Dan 9:3; in many phrases, as האלהים איש the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: = (a) angel Jdg 13:6, Jdg 13:8, (b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah 1Sa 9:9-10, compare הָרוּחַ אִישׁ Hos 9:7): of Moses Deu 33:1; Jos 14:6 (E) 1Ch 23:14; 2Ch 30:16; Ezr 3:2; Psa 90:1; of Samuel 1Sa 9:6-10; of David2Ch 8:14; Neh 12:24, Neh 12:36; Shemaiah 1Ki 12:22 (= 2Ch 11:2); Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time 1Ki 13:1-31; 1Ki 17:18-24; 1Ki 20:28; 2Ki 1:9-13; 2Ki 4:7-42; 2Ki 5:8-20; 2Ki 6:6-15; 2Ki 7:2-9; 2Ki 8:2-11; 2Ki 13:19; 2Ki 23:16-17 (Ephr) 2Ch 25:7, 2Ch 25:9; unnamed prophet 1Sa 2:27; Hanan Jer 35:4; a later title of prophet was האלהים עֶבֶד the servant of God, used of Moses 1Ch 6:34; 2Ch 24:9; Neh 10:30; Dan 9:11. האלהים בית the house of God, Jdg 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (52 t.) Ecclesiastes 4:17; Dan 1:2; ׳הא י ׳בית 1Ch 22:1; האלהים (ברית) ארון the ark (of the covenant) of God Jdg 20:27; 1Sa 4:1-5:12; 1 Samuel 14; 2Sa 6:1-7:29; 15(23 t.); 1 Chronicles 13; 1 Chronicles 15; 1 Chronicles 16; 2Ch 1:4 (13 t.); האלהים מטה the rod of God Exo 4:20; Exo 17:9 (E); האלהים הר the mount of God (Horeb) Exo 3:1; Exo 4:27; Exo 18:5; Exo 24:13 (E) 1Ki 19:8 (Ephr); האלהים מלאך the (theophanic) angel of God Gen 31:11; Exo 14:19 (E) Jdg 6:20; Jdg 13:6, Jdg 13:9; 2Sa 14:17, 2Sa 14:20; 2Sa 19:28; in other combinations Exo 18:16; Num 23:27 (E) Jdg 20:2; 1Sa 4:8; 1Sa 5:11; 1Sa 10:5; 2Sa 16:23; 1Ki 12:22; 1Ch 21:7 + (14 t.) Psa 87:3; Ecc 9:1.
4 אֱלֹהִים = God ׳י אֱמֶת אֱלֹהִים = Yahweh is God in truth Jer 10:10.
a. אלהים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by P (50 t. in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere 28 t.), by E (91 t.), J chiefly in poetic sources Gen 3:1, Gen 3:3, Gen 3:5 (twice in verse); Gen 9:27; Gen 39:9; Deu 32:17, Deu 32:39, by D (11 t.) Judges (21 t.) Samuel (50 t.) Kings (29 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); in Psalm 42-86 (180 t. often by editorial change for an original יהוה), elsewhere Psa 3:3; Psa 5:11; Psa 7:11; Psa 7:12; Psa 9:18; Psa 10:4; Psa 10:13; Psa 14:1; Psa 14:2; Psa 14:5; Psa 25:22; Psa 36:2; Psa 36:8; Psa 77:14; Psa 100:3; Psa 108:2; Psa 108:6; Psa 108:8; Psa 108:12 (twice in verse); Psa 149:9; Job 5:8; Job 20:29; Job 28:23; Job 32:2; Job 34:9 (& in Prologue 6 t.) Pro 2:5; Pro 3:4; Pro 25:2; Ecclesiastes (7 t.) Hosea (5 t.); Amo 4:11 (סדם את אלתים כמהפכת as God overthrew Sodom = Jer 50:40 = Isa 13:19) Zec 8:23; Zec 12:8; Mic 3:7 (but ᵑ6 ᵐ5 אליהם) Isa 35:4; Isa2 (9 t.); Jer 10:10; Ezekiel (13 t.); Malachi (5 t.); Jonah (4 t.); the phrase ל ׳היה לאלהים Gen 28:21 (ER) Gen 17:7-8, Exo 6:7; Exo 29:45; Lev 11:45; Lev 22:33; Lev 25:38; Lev 26:12, Lev 26:45; Num 15:41 (P); Deu 26:17; Deu 29:13; 2Sa 7:24 (= 1Ch 17:22); Zec 8:8; Jeremiah (6 t.); Ezekiel (6 t.); צדיק אלהים righteous God Psa 7:10; ׳א קדשים holy God Jos 24:19 (E); ׳א חיים living God Deu 5:23; 1Sa 17:26, 1Sa 17:36; Jer 10:10; Jer 23:36; ׳א חי 2Ki 19:4, 2Ki 19:16 (= Isa 37:4, Isa 37:17). For the phrases א ׳אדני צבאות, ׳י, אלתי ׳י, א ׳צבאות א, ׳יה א, ׳אל ׳י ׳א, צבאות ׳י, ׳א צבאות א, ׳יהוה see צבאות יה, יהוה, & אדני.
b. construct אֱלֹהֵי (a) with persons אַבְרָהָם אֱלֹהֵי = God of Abraham, a phrase of J, Gen 26:24; Gen 28:13; Gen 31:53, elsewhere Psalm 47:10; 1Ki 18:36; 1Ch 29:18; 2Ch 30:6; ׳א אברהם אדני Gen 24:12, Gen 24:27, Gen 24:42, Gen 24:48 (J); אב אלהי father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of E, Gen 31:5, Gen 31:29, Gen 31:42; Gen 46:3; Gen 50:17; Exo 3:6, Exo 3:13, Exo 3:15, Exo 3:16; Exo 15:2; Exo 18:4; Jos 18:3, elsewhere Gen 32:10; Gen 43:23 (J) Exo 4:5 (J ?) Deuteronomy (8 t.); Jdg 2:12; 2Ki 21:22; Chronicles (31 t.); Dan 11:37; יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלֹהֵי Israel's God, phrase of E, Gen 33:20; Exo 5:1; Exo 24:10; Exo 32:27; Jos 8:30; Jos 14:14; Jos 22:16; Jos 24:2, Jos 24:23, elsewhere Exo 34:23; Jos 7:13, Jos 7:19, Jos 7:20 (JE) Num 16:9; Jos 9:18-19, Jos 22:24; Jos 10:40, Jos 10:42; Jos 13:14, Jos 13:33 (R see Di Jos 7:13) Jdg 4:6; Jdg 5:3, Jdg 5:5; Jdg 6:8; Jdg 11:21, Jdg 11:23; Jdg 21:3; 1Sa 1:17 + (20 t.) Kings (26 t.) Chronicles (45 t.); Psalm 41:14; Psa 106:48 (doxology) Psa 59:6; Psa 69:7; Isa 17:6; Isa 21:10, Isa 21:17; Isa 29:23; Isa3, Isa 24:15; Isa 37:16, Isa 37:21; Isa2, Isa 41:17 + (6 t.); Jer 35:17 + (48 t.); Eze 8:4 + (7 t.); Zep 2:9; Mal 2:16; Rth 2:12; ׳א ישראל מערכות God of the battle array of Israel 1Sa 17:45; יַעֲקֹב ׳א 2Sa 23:1 (poetry) Psa 20:2; Psa 46:8; Psalm 46:12; Psa 75:10; Psa 76:7; Psa 81:2; Psa 81:5; Psa 84:9; Psa 94:7; Isa 2:3 (= Mic 4:2); ׳א העבריים God of the Hebrews Exo 3:18; Exo 5:3; Exo 7:16; Exo 9:1, Exo 9:13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor Gen 31:53 (E), Shem Gen 9:26 (J), David 2Ki 20:5; 2Ch 21:12; 2Ch 34:3; Isa 38:5, Hezekiah 2Ch 32:17, Elijah 2Ki 2:14; ׳א המלך ארני the God of my lord the king 1Ki 1:36. (β) with nouns of attributes or relationships, ׳א קֶרֶם ancient God Deu 33:27; ׳א עולם everlasting God Isa 40:28; ׳א אֱמֶת true God2Ch 15:3; ׳א אָמֵן Isa 65:16 (see אָמֵן); ׳א משפט Isa 30:18; Mal 2:17; ׳א מרום Mic 6:6; ׳א בָשָׂר כָל God of all flesh Jer 32:27; compare בשר לכל הרוחות ׳א Num 16:22; Num 27:16 (P); ׳א השמים God of heaven Gen 24:7 (JR) 2Ch 36:23; Ezr 1:2; Neh 1:4-5, Neh 2:4, Neh 2:20; compare ׳א הארץ כל Isa 54:5; הארץ ׳י ׳א וא ׳השמים Gen 24:3 (JR); ׳א מִקָּרֹב a God at hand opposed to ׳א מֵרָחֹק Jer 23:23, ׳א יִשְׁעִי ׳א, ישועתי</he

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 9 entries

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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