τιμωρέω
timōréō · G5097 · Greek · 2 occurrences
Meanings
-
To punish, with the implication of causing people to suffer what they deserve (to punish, to suffer punishment (with passive construction), punishment)
ExamplesActs 22:5 as also the high priest and all the Council of the elders can testify. From them I also received letters to the brothers, and started off for Damascus in order to bring even those who were there to Jerusalem as prisoners to be punished.
Acts 26:11 “And as I punished them often in all the synagogues, I tried to force them to blaspheme; and since I was extremely enraged at them, I kept pursuing them even to foreign cities.
How it’s used In 4 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- Not stated: they 1
- Not stated (participle) 1
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- αὐτόςhe, she, it, same 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- κατάaccording to, against, down+ συναγωγήsynagogue, assembly 1
With adverbsAdverbs
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- πολλάκιςoften 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- ἐκδικέω ekdikéō · G1556 · to give someone justice, to pay back, to revenge
- The most common NT Greek verb for avenging or vindicating through punitive action. While τιμωρέω emphasizes protecting honor through penalty, ἐκδικέω emphasizes securing justice/vindication, but both denote inflicting retributive punishment.
- κολάζω kolázō · G2849 · to punish
- A verb specifically denoting punitive action, with focus on the corrective or penal aspect. Overlaps substantially with τιμωρέω's sense of inflicting penalty, though κολάζω may emphasize the disciplinary dimension more.
In the other Testament 2 words
- נָקַם nâqam · H5358 · to avenge, to take vengeance
- The primary Hebrew verb for avenging/taking vengeance, directly parallel to τιμωρέω in its sense of inflicting punitive penalty. Used extensively in contexts of divine and human retribution.
- פָּקַד pâqad · H6485 · to observe, to visit, to inspect
- When used in punitive contexts (very common), פָּקַד means 'to visit with punishment' or 'to attend to [wrongdoing]', a natural Hebrew equivalent for the infliction of penalty that τιμωρέω denotes.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- To punish, to suffer punishment (with passive construction), punishment38.6
- Paul recounts before Agrippa, “As also the high priest and all the Council of the elders can testify. From them I also received letters to the brothers, and started off for Damascus in order to bring even those who were there to Jerusalem as prisoners to be punished” (Acts 22:5).
Word family 18 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon τιμώρω; 1 aorist passive ἐτιμωρήθην; (from τιμωρός, and this from τιμή and οὐρός, see…
1. to succor, come to the help of:τίνι, one, Sophocles, Herodotus, Thucydides, others,
2. to avenge: τίνι, one, Herodotus, Xenophon, others.
3. in the N. T. τιμώρω τινα, to take vengeance on one, to punish: Acts 22:5; Acts 26:11 (Sophocles O. R. 107; in Greek writings the middle is more common in this sense).
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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