ἐπιτιμάω
epitimáō · G2008 · Greek · 30 occurrences
Meanings
-
to rebuke, to denounce
To express strong disapproval of someone
ExamplesMatthew 16:22 And yet Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, saying, “God forbid it, Lord! This shall never happen to You!”
Matthew 17:18 And Jesus rebuked him, and the demon came out of him, and the boy was healed at once.
Matthew 19:13 Then some children were brought to Him so that He would lay His hands on them and pray; and the disciples rebuked them.
-
to command
To command, with the implication of a threat
ExamplesMatthew 12:16 and warned them not to tell who He was.
Mark 3:12 And He strongly warned them not to reveal who He was.
Mark 4:39 And He got up and rebuked the wind and said to the sea, “Hush, be still.” And the wind died down and it became perfectly calm.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
29 occurrences in 11 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 7
- ἸησοῦςJesus 5
- μαθητήςdisciple 3
- Not stated: you (one person) 3
- Not stated (participle) 3
- Other words · 6 groups that occur once or twice (8) 8
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
27 occurrences in 14 groups
- αὐτόςhe, she, it, same 13
- ἄνεμοςwind 3
- Other words · 12 groups that occur once or twice (13) 13
To or for whomIndirect object
5 occurrences in 1 groups
- αὐτόςhe, she, it, same 5
With adverbsAdverbs
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- οὐnot 1
- τότεthen 1
What is done to itIt is the object
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- ἔπωto say 2
- ἄρχωto be first 2
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- ἔλεγξις élenxis · G1649 · to rebuke, to reproach, rebuke
- The target term ἐλέγχω and ἔλεγξις (“refutation, reproof”) share the same field of rebuke and reproof: the target denotes the action of rebuking, while ἔλεγξις denotes the reproof itself as a resulting entity — a verb-to-noun relationship between two independent, related lexemes.
In the other Testament 1 word
- גָּעַר gâʻar · H1605 · to rebuke, to scold
- Hebrew גָּעַר (gâʻar, H1605) serves as the primary Septuagint translation equivalent for Greek ἐπιτιμάω (epitimáō, G2008), both denoting authoritative rebuke or censure; the Greek term adds the nuance of 'taxing upon' (imposing correction) and more explicitly extends to prohibition/forbidding as a semantic development of the core rebuke sense.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- To command33.331
- In Matthew 16:20, after Peter's confession, Jesus “gave the disciples strict orders that they were to tell no one that He was the Christ” — a firm command.
- To rebuke, to denounce33.419
- In Mark 9:25, seeing the crowd gathering, “Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, saying to it, ‘You mute and deaf spirit, I command you, come out of him,'” the dominant sense of rebuking or denouncing.
Word family 18 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon ἐπιτίμω; imperfect 3 person singular ἐπετίμα, 3 person plural ἐπετίμων; 1 aorist…
1. to show honor to, to honor: τινα, Herodotus 6, 39.
2. to raise the price of: ὁ σῖτος ἐπετιμηθη, Demosthenes 918, 22; others.
3. to adjudge, award (from τιμή in the sense of merited penalty): τήν δίκην, Herodotus 4, 43.
4. to tax with fault, rate, chide, rebuke, reprove, censure severely, (so Thucydides, Xenophon, Plato, Demosthenes, others): absolutely, 2 Tim 4:2; τίνι, charge one with wrong, Luke (); Lk 17:3; ; to rebuke — in order to curb one's ferocity or violence (hence, many formerly gave the word the meaning to restrain; against whom cf. Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 325), Mt 8:26; Mt 17:18; Mk 4:39; Lk 4:39, Lk 4:41; Lk 8:24; Lk 9:42; Jude 1:9 (where Rec.elz strangely ἐπιτιμήσαι (1 aorist active infinitive) for ἐπιτιμμησαι (optative 3 person singular)); or to keep one away from another, Mt 19:13; Lk 18:15; Mk 10:13; followed by ἵνα (with a verb expressing the opposite of what is censured): Mt 20:31; Mk 10:48; Lk 18:39; with the addition of λέγων (καί λέγει, or the like) and direct discourse: Mk 1:25 (T omits; WH brackets λέγων); Mk 8:33; ; Lk 4:35; Lk 23:40 (cf. Ps 105:9; Ps 118:21; Zech 3:2; and the use of גָּעַר in Nah 1:4; Mal 3:11). Elsewhere in a milder sense, to admonish or charge sharply: τίνι, Mt 16:22; Mk 8:30; Lk 9:21 (ἐπιτιμήσας αὐτοῖς παρήγγειλεν, followed by the infinitive), Lk 19:39; with ἵνα added, Mt 16:20 L WH text; Mk 8:30; ἵνα μή, Mt 12:16; Mk 3:12. (Cf. Trench, § iv; Schmidt, chapter 4, 11.)
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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