πίστις

πίστεως, ἡ (πείθω (which see)), from (Hesiod, Theognis, Pindar), Aeschylus, Herodotus down; the Sept. for אֱמוּנָה, several times for אֱמֶת and אֲמָנָה; faith; i. e.:
1. conviction of the truth of anything, belief (Plato, Polybius, Josephus, Plutarch; θαυμάσια καί μείζω πίστεως, Diodorus 1, 86); in the N. T. of a conviction or belief respecting man's relationship to God and divine things, generally with the included idea of trust and holy fervor born of faith and conjoined with it: Heb 11:1 (where πίστις is called ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις, πραγμάτων ἔλεγχος οὐ βλεπομένων); opposed to εἶδος, 2 Cor 5:7; joined with ἀγάπη and ἐλπίς, 1 Cor 13:13.
a. when it relates to God, πίστις is "the conviction that God exists and is the creator and ruler of all things, the provider and bestower of eternal salvation through Christ": Heb 11:6; Heb 12:2; Heb 13:7; πίστις ἐπί Θεόν, Heb 6:1; ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρός τόν Θεόν, by which ye turned to God, 1 Thess 1:8; τήν πίστιν ὑμῶν καί ἐλπίδα εἰς Θεόν, directed unto God, 1 Pet 1:21; with a genitive of the object (faith in) (τῶν θεῶν, Euripides, Med. 414; τοῦ Θεοῦ, Josephus, contra Apion 2, 16, 5; cf. Grimm, Exgt. Hdbch. on Sap. vi., 17f, p. 132; (cf. Meyer on Rom 3:22; also Meyer, Ellicott, Lightfoot on Col. as below; Winer's Grammar, 186 (175))): ἡ πίστις τῆς ἐνεργείας τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῦ ἐγείραντος αὐτόν (Christ) ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, Col 2:12; διά πίστεως, by the help of faith, Heb 11:33, Heb 11:39; κατά πίστιν, equivalent to πιστεύοντες, Heb 11:13; πίστει, dative of means or of mode by faith or by believing, prompted, actuated, by faith, Heb 11:3f, 7-9, 17, 20-24, 27-29, 31; dative of cause, because of faith, Heb 11:5, Heb 11:11, Heb 11:30.
b. in reference to Christ, it denotes "a strong and welcome conviction or belief that Jesus is the Messiah, through whom we obtain eternal salvation in the kingdom of God" (on this see more at length in πιστεύω, 1 b. γ.); α. universally: with the genitive of the object (see above, in a.), Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Rom 3:22; Gal 2:16; Gal 3:22; Eph 3:12; Ἰησοῦ, Rev 14:12; Χρσιτου, Phm 3:9; τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ Θεοῦ, Gal 2:20; τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Jas 2:1; μου (i. e. in Christ), Rev 2:13 (certainly we must reject the interpretation, faith in God of which Jesus Christ is the author, advocated by Van Hengel, Ep. ad Romans 1, p. 314ff, and H. P. Berlage, Disquisitio de formulae Paulinae ψιτις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ signifieatione. Lugd. Bat. 1856); τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, Phm 1:27; ἀληθείας, 2 Thess 2:13, with prepositions: εἰς (toward (cf. εἰς, B. II. 2 a.)) τόν κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν, Acts 20:21; εἰς Χριστόν, Acts 24:24; Acts 26:18; ἡ εἰς Χριστόν πίστις ὑμῶν, Col 2:5; (πίστιν ἔχειν εἰς ἐμέ, Mk 9:42 Tr marginal reading); πρός τόν κύριον, Phm 1:5 (L Tr WH εἰς) ((see πρός, L 1 c.; cf. Lightfoot at the passage); unless here we prefer to render πίστιν fidelity (see 2, below); cf. Meyer at the passage and Winer's Grammar, § 50, 2); ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, reposed in Christ Jesus, 1 Tim 3:13; 2 Tim 3:15; τήν πίστιν ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, Col 1:4; ἡ κατά τινα (see κατά, II. 1 e.) πίστις ἐν τῷ κυρίῳ, Eph 1:15; ἐν τῷ αἵματι αὐτοῦ, Rom 3:25 (yet cf. Meyer). πίστις (cf. Winer's Grammar, 120 (114)) and ἡ πίστις simply: Lk 18:8; Acts 13:8; Acts 14:22, Acts 14:27; Acts 15:9; Acts 17:31; Rom. ( (on which see νόμος, 3)), Rom 3:31; Rom 4:14; Rom 5:2 (L Tr WH brackets τῇ πίστει); Rom 9:32; Rom 10:8, Rom 10:17, Rom 12:3, Rom 10:6; 1 Cor. ( (here of a charism)); ; 2 Cor 4:13; (); ; Gal 3:14, Gal 3:23, Gal 3:25; Gal 5:5; Gal 6:10; Eph 2:8; Eph 3:17; Eph 4:5; Eph 6:16; 2 Thess 1:4; 1 Tim 1:2, 1 Tim 1:4 (on the latter passive, see οἰκονομία), ; (on which see ἀλήθεια, I. 2 c.); 1 Tim 3:9; 1 Tim 4:1, 1 Tim 4:6, 1 Tim 5:8, 1 Tim 6:10, 1 Tim 4:12, 1 Tim 4:21; 2 Tim 1:5; 2 Tim 2:18; 2 Tim 3:8, 2 Tim 3:10; 2 Tim 4:7; Tit 1:1, Tit 1:4, Tit 1:13; Tit 2:2; Tit 3:15; Jas 2:5; 1 Pet 1:5; 2 Pet 1:1, 2 Pet 1:5. with a genitive of the subject: Lk 22:32; Rom 1:8, Rom 1:12; 1 Cor 2:5; 1 Cor 15:14, 1 Cor 15:17; 2 Cor 1:24; Phm 1:25; Phm 2:17; 1 Thess 3:2, 1 Thess 3:5-7, 1 Thess 3:10; 2 Thess 1:3; 2 Thess 3:2; Phm 1:6; Jas 1:3; 1 Pet 1:7, 1 Pet 1:9 (here WH omits the genitive); 1 Jn 5:4; Rev 13:10; πλήρης πιστέω καί πνεύματος, Acts 6:5; πνεύματος καί πίστεως, Acts 11:24; πίστεως καί δυνάμεως, Acts 6:8 Rec.; τῇ πίστει ἑστηκεναι, Rom 11:20; 2 Cor 1:24; ἐν τῇ πίστει στήκειν, 1 Cor 16:13; εἶναι, 2 Cor 13:5; μένειν, 1 Tim 2:15; ἐμμένειν τῇ πίστει, Acts 14:22; ἐπιμένειν, Col 1:23; στερεοί τῇ πίστει, 1 Pet 5:9; ἐστερεοῦντο τῇ πίστει, Acts 16:5; βεβαιοῦμαι ἐν (L T Tr WH omit ἐν) τῇ πίστει, Col 2:7. Since faith is a power that seizes upon the soul, one who yields himself to it is said ὑπακούειν τῇ πίστει, Acts 6:7; hence, ὑπακοή τῆς πίστεως, obedience rendered to faith (Winer's Grammar, 186 (175)), Rom 1:5; Rom 16:26; ὁ ἐκ πίστεως namely, ὤν, depending on faith, equivalent to πιστεύων (see ἐκ, II. 7), Rom 3:26; plural, Gal 3:7, Gal 3:9; ὁ ἐκ πίστεως Ἀβραάμ, he who has the same faith as Abraham, Rom 4:16; ἐκ πίστεως εἶναι, to be related, akin to, faith (cf. ἐκ, as above), Gal 3:12. δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως, Rom 1:17; Gal 3:11; δικαιοσύνην δέ τήν ἐκ πίστεως, Rom 9:30; ἡ... ἐκ πιστηως δικαιοσύνη, Rom 10:6; δικαιοσύνη... ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν, springing from faith (and availing) to (arouse) faith (in those who as yet have it not), Rom 1:17; δικαιοσύνη ἡ διά πίστεως Χριστοῦ,... ἡ ἐκ Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνη ἐπί τῇ πίστει, Phm 3:9; passive, δικαιοῦσθαι πίστει, Rom 3:28; δικαιοῦν τινα διά πίστεως Χριστοῦ, Gal 2:16; διά τῆς πίστεως, Rom 3:30; δικαιοῦσθαι τινα ἐκ πίστεως, ibid.; Gal 3:8; passive, Rom 5:1; Gal 3:24; εὐαγγελίζομαι τήν πίστιν, to proclaim the glad tidings of faith in Christ, Gal 1:23; ἀκοή πίστεως, instruction concerning the necessity of faith (see ἀκοή, 3 a.), Gal 3:2, Gal 3:5; ἡ πίστις is joined with ἡ ἀγάπη: 1 Thess 3:6; 1 Thess 5:8; 1 Tim 1:14; 1 Tim 2:15; 1 Tim 4:12; 1 Tim 6:11; 2 Tim 2:22; with a subjunctive genitive Rev 2:19; πίστις δἰ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη, Gal 5:6; ἀγάπη μετά πίστεως, Eph 6:23; ἀγάπη ἐκ πίστεως ἀνυποκρίτου, 1 Tim 1:5; πίστις καί ἀγάπη ἡ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, 2 Tim 1:13; φιλεῖν τινα πίστει, Tit 3:15 (where see DeWette); ἔργον πίστεως (cf. ἔργον, 3, p. 248{b} near the bottom), 1 Thess 1:3; 2 Thess 1:11. β. in an ethical sense, persuasion or conviction (which springs from faith in Christ as the sole author of salvation; cf. πιστεύω, 1 b. γ. at the end) concerning things lawful for a Christian: Rom 14:1, Rom 14:23; πίστιν ἔχειν, Rom 14:22.
c. universally, the religious belief of Christians; α. subjectively: Eph 4:13, where cf. Meyer; in the sense of a mere acknowledgment of divine things and of the claims of Christianity, Jas 2:14, Jas 2:17f, 20, 22, 24, 26. β. objectively, the substance of Christian faith or what is believed by Christians: τῇ ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ... πίστει Jude 1:3; ἡ ἁγιωτάτῃ ὑμῶν πίστις, Jude 1:20. There are some who think this meaning of the word is to be recognized also in 1 Tim 1:4, 1 Tim 1:19; 1 Tim 2:7; 1 Tim 3:9; 1 Tim 4:1, 1 Tim 4:6; 1 Tim 5:8; 1 Tim 6:10, 1 Tim 6:21 (cf. Pfleiderer, Paulinismus, p. 468 (English translation, ii., p. 200)); but Weiss (Biblical Theol. d. N. T. § 107 a. note) correctly objects, "πίστις is rather the form in which the truth (as the substance of right doctrine) is subjectively appropriated"; (cf. Meyer on Rom 1:5 (and Prof. Dwight's additional note); Ellicott on Gal 1:23; Lightfoot on Galatians, p. 157).
d. with the predominant idea of trust (or confidence) whether in God or in Christ, springing from faith in the same: Mt 8:10; Mt 15:28; Lk 7:9, Lk 7:50; Lk 17:5; Heb 9:28; Lachmann's stereotyped edition; Heb 10:22; Jas 1:6; with a genitive of the subject: Mt 9:2, Mt 9:22, Mt 9:29; Mt 15:28; Mk 2:5; Mk 5:34; Mk 10:52; (Lk 5:20); Lk 8:25, Lk 8:48, Lk 17:19, Lk 18:42; with a genitive of the object in which trust is placed: τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ, Acts 3:16; πίστιν ἔχειν (Mt 17:20); ; Mk 4:40; Lk 17:6; πᾶσαν τήν πίστιν (`all the faith' that can be thought of), 1 Cor 13:2; ἔχειν πίστιν Θεοῦ, to trust in God, Mk 11:22; ἔχειν πίστιν τοῦ σωθῆναι, to be healed (see Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 843f; (cf. Winers Grammar, § 44,4{a}; Buttmann, 268 (230))), Acts 14:9; ἡ πίστις δἰ αὐτοῦ, awakened through him, Acts 3:16; εὐχή τῆς πίστεως, that proceeds from faith, Jas 5:15; of trust in the promises of God, Rom 4:9, Rom 4:16, Rom 4:19; Heb 4:2; Heb 6:12; Heb 10:38f; with a genitive of the subject, Rom 4:5, Rom 4:12; πίστις ἐπί Θεόν, faith which relies on God who grants the forgiveness of sins to the penitent (see ἐπί, C. I. 2 g. α.), Heb 6:1; δικαιοσύνη τῆς πίστεως (cf. Winer's Grammar, 186 (175)), Rom 4:11, Rom 4:13; ἡ κατά πίστιν δικαιοσύνη, Heb 11:7.
2. fidelity, faithfulness, i. e. the character of one who can be relied on: Mt 23:23; Gal 5:22; Phm 1:5 (? see above in b. α.); Tit 2:10. of one who keeps his promises: ἡ πίστις τοῦ Θεοῦ, subjunctive genitive, Rom 3:3. objectively, plighted faith (often so in Attic writings from Aeschylus down): ἀθετεῖν (see ἀθετέω, a.) τήν πίστιν, 1 Tim 5:12. Cf. especially Koolhaas, Diss. philol. I. et II.de ratio usu et constructione vocum πίστις, πιστόςet πιστεύειν in N. T. (Traj. ad Rhen. 1733, 4to.); Dav. Schulz, Was heisst Glauben, etc. (Leipz. 1830), p. 62ff; Rückert, Com. üb.
d. Röm., 2nd edition, i., p. 51ff; Lutz, Biblical Dogmatik, p. 312ff; Huther, Ueber ζωή u. πιστεύειν im N. T., in the Jahrbb. f. deutsch. Theol. for 1872, pp. 1-33; (Lightfoot's Commentary on Galatians, p. 154ff). On Paul's conception of πίστις, cf. Lipsius, Paulin. Rechtfertigungslehre, p. 94ff; Weiss, Biblical Theol. d. N. T., § 82 c. d. (cf. the index under the word Glaube); Pfleiderer, Paulinismus, p. 162ff (English translation, i., p. 161ff; Schnedermann, De fidel notione ethica Paulina. (Lipsius 1880)). On the idea of faith in the Epistle to the Hebrews see Riehm, Lehrbegr. des Hebrew-Br., p. 700ff; Weiss, as above § 125 b. c. On John's conception, see Reuss, die Johann. Theol. § 10 in the Beiträge zu d. theol. Wissensch. i., p. 56ff (cf. his Histoire de la Theol. Chretienne, etc., 3me edition, ii., p. 508ff (English translation, ii. 455ff)); Weiss, as above § 149, and the same author's Johann. Lehrbegriff, p. 18ff