עוּד
ʻûwd · H5749 · Hebrew · 44 occurrences
Meanings
-
to warn, to admonish, to assure, to affirm
Action by which a person or deity informs someone with a favorable or unfavorable message about something about to happen
ExamplesGenesis 43:3 Judah spoke to him, however, saying, “The man sternly warned us, ‘You shall not see my face unless your brother is with you.’
Exodus 19:21 Then the LORD spoke to Moses: “Go down, warn the people, so that they do not break through to the LORD to stare, and many of them perish.
Exodus 19:23 And Moses said to the LORD, “The people cannot come up to Mount Sinai, for You warned us, saying, ‘Set boundaries around the mountain and consecrate it.’”
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to testify, to bring a charge, to bear witness
Action with which a person gives evidence or proof of something, often as a witness in a legal setting, the witness can be favorable or unfavorable
Examples1 Kings 21:10 and seat two worthless men opposite him, and have them testify against him, saying, ‘You cursed God and the king.’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”
Job 29:11 “For when an ear heard, it called me blessed, And when an eye saw, it testified in support of me,
-
to call as witness, to have something witnessed
Causative action with which a person or deity calls on someone to give evidence or proof of something, either favorably or unfavorable
ExamplesDeuteronomy 30:19 “I call heaven and earth to witness against you today, that I have placed before you life and death, the blessing and the curse. So choose life in order that you may live, you and your descendants,
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to surround, ensnare
Action by which a person is surrounded on all sides
ExamplesPsalm 119:61 The snares of the wicked have surrounded me, But I have not forgotten Your Law.
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to restore > to stand upright, to be firm
Action with which a person is returned to a former state in order to restore or support
ExamplesPsalm 20:8 They have bowed down and fallen, But we have risen and stood upright.
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to lift up, uphold
Action by which a person is surrounded in order to support or to give relief
ExamplesPsalm 146:9 The LORD watches over strangers; He supports the fatherless and the widow, But He thwarts the way of the wicked.
Psalm 147:6 The LORD supports the afflicted; He brings the wicked down to the ground.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
40 occurrences in 13 groups
- Not stated: I 15
- Not stated: you (one person) 6
- Not stated: he, she or it 4
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 3
- Not stated: they 3
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
15 occurrences in 10 groups
- עֵדwitness 4
- אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 3
- שָׁמַיִםheaven, sky 3
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
Second objectAs in “call him Lord”
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- מָהwhat?, why? 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
30 occurrences in 17 groups
- בin/on/with+ הֶםthem 9
- לto/for+ אָמַרto say 8
- בin/on/with+ כֶםyou 5
- בin/on/with+ ךָּyou 3
- Other words · 13 groups that occur once or twice (16) 16
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- יָדַעto know 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- διαμαρτύρομαι diamartýromai · G1263 · to declare, to assert, to testify
- Greek διαμαρτύρομαι (diamartýromai, G1263) intensifies the solemn witness/testimony nuance of Hebrew עוּד (ʻûwd, H5749) through the διά- prefix, emphasizing earnest protestation or hortatory attestation, whereas the Hebrew root encompasses a broader juridical-covenantal witness register including simple testimony, admonition, and legal charge-giving without the Greek's inherent intensification.
Semantic domains 5 entries
- Know002004002007
- One attested sense, to warn or make solemnly known, as when Moses is repeatedly commanded to warn the people not to break through to see the LORD at Sinai.
- True002001003017
- Another attested sense, to call as a witness to testify to the truth of a matter, as when Moses calls heaven and earth as witnesses against Israel.
- Space002002001017
- A broader attested sense connected to this verb, not directly shown by the citations sampled here.
- Strong002001001063
- A broader attested sense of standing firm or upright, not directly shown by the citations sampled here.
- Confident002001002003
- A broader attested sense connected to this verb, not directly shown by the citations sampled here.
Word family 10 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5749. uwd [עוּד] verb probably return, go about, repeat, do again (Arabic , return, do…
[עוּד] verb probably return, go about, repeat, do again (Arabic , return, do again IV. restore, also say again, iterate, habit; Ethiopic turn about, surround, circuit, circle; Syriac Pa`el accustom, Ethpe`el, Aph`el be accustomed, usage, ceremong, festival (Brock), whence Arabic id., as loan-word, Frä276; Palmyrene עידא usage Lzb337 Cook90; Late Hebrew עֵד, and especially עֵדוּת = Biblical Hebrew, also עִיד festival, עִידָא ᵑ7; compare probably Assyrian Shaph`el uš-id, he he solemnly affirmed DlHWB 32); — only intensive :
Pi`el surround (compare Ethiopic), Perfect3masculine singular suffix עִוְּדֻנִי Psa 119:61 (compare סְבָבוּנִי Psa 18:6).
Pol`el, restore, relieve (compare Arabic IV.), Imperfect3masculine singular יְעוֺדֵד, with accusative of person Psa 146:9 (|| שָׁמַר, opposed to עִוֵּת), Psa 147:6 (opposed to הִשְׁמִּיל).
Hithpolel be restored, Imperfect1plural וַנִּתְעוֺדָּ֑ד Psa 20:9 ( + קוּם, opposed to נָפַל; ᵐ5 ἀνωρθώθημεν.
[עוּד] verb denominative (Gerber42f.) bear witness; —
Qal Imperfect1singular suffix אֲעוּדֵךְ Lam 2:13 Kt; <
Hiph`il Qr Bu.
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֵעִיד 2Ki 17:15; Mal 2:14; הֵעִד Gen 43:3; Gen 43:2masculine singular ַהעִי֫דֹתָ Neh 9:34; ַהעֵדֹ֫תָה Exo 19:23; Exo 19:1singular ַהעִידֹ֫תִי Deu 4:26; Jer 42:19; Jer 42:3masculine plural הֵעִ֫ידוּ Neh 9:26, etc.; Imperfect וַיָּ֫עַד 2Ki 17:13; Zec 3:6; Zec 3:3feminine singular suffix וַתְּעִידֵ֫נִי Job 29:11 Job 29:15t. Imperfect; Infinitive absolute הָעֵד Gen 43:3-4t.; Imperative הָעֵד Exo 19:21 Exo 19:2t. Imperative Participle מֵעִיד Deu 32:46. —
1 testify, bear witness, with suffix against one 1Ki 21:10, 1Ki 21:13; in favour of Job 29:11; Lam 2:13 (Qr); with בֵּין Mal 2:14.
2 cause to testify, take as witness, with accusative of person Isa 8:2; Jer 32:10, Jer 32:25, Jer 32:44; call as witness, invoke, with accusative הארץ ואת השׁמים את + בְּ against Deu 4:26; Deu 30:19; Deu 31:28.
3 protest, affirm solemnly, warn: subject men, absolute Jer 6:10; Neh 13:15; with בְּ person Gen 43:3 (twice in verse) (J) Exo 19:21 (E) 1Sa 8:9 (twice in verse); 1Ki 2:42; 2Ch 24:19; Neh 9:26; Neh 13:21; Jer 42:19; Amo 3:13; exhort solemnly, admonish, charge, ׳י subject, with בְּ person, Exo 19:23 (J) Deu 8:19; 2Ki 17:13; Neh 9:29-30, Jer 11:7 (3 t. in verse); Zec 3:6; Psa 50:7; Psa 81:9; enjoin solemnly, with בְּ person + accusative of thing עֵדְוֺת 2Ki 17:15; Neh 9:34, דברים Deu 32:46.
Hoph`al Perfect3masculine singular וְהוּעַד consecutive Exo 21:29 (E) impersonal and protest be entered, with בְּ person
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 5 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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