דָבַר

H1696. dabar
[דָּבַר]1142 verb speak (original meaning dubious; range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough; treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic A meaning go away, sustained by Arabic go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: — (1) Arabic depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline; passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi`el drive away, BezOrient. Diplom, Vocab., Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt. in KAT2. 500, דֶּבֶר pestilence. (2) Arabic follow behind, in time, place, or station; part behind, back, דְּבִיר hindmost chamber of temple. (3) Syriac lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבַר; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּר leader; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבָּרָא guidance; Syriac , Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Hebrew דֹּבֶר; Syriac , Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא, Hebrew מִדְבָּר pasture, wilderness; Arabic , Syriac , Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָה swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes. (4) Arabic consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); consider, plan against; Phoenician דבר speak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר etc. Synonym of אָמַר say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל with אֲמַר; Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) —
Qal41 only infinitive (once ?) & participle: Infinitive suffix בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel) Psa 51:6; Participle דֹּבֵר Exo 6:29-30t.; plural דֹּבְרִים Num 36:5; Psa 109:20; construct דֹּבְרֵי Psa 5:7 Psa 5:3t.; feminine דֹּבְרוֺת Num 27:7; Psa 31:19; passive דָּבֻר Pro 25:11; — speak, absolute Num 27:7; Num 32:27; Num 36:5 (P) Psa 51:6 (?); דָּבֻר דָּבָר word spoken Pro 25:11; with accusative of thing דָּבָר דֹּבֵר speaking a word Job 2:13; אמת Psa 15:2, תמים Amo 5:10, (מ)ישׁרים Pro 16:13; Isa 33:15, צדק Isa 45:19, שׁלום Est 10:3; Psa 28:3, שׁקר(יםׅ Psalm 63:12; Psa 101:7; Jer 40:16, כזב Psa 5:7; Psa 58:4, רע Psa 109:20, נבלה Isa 9:16, נפשׁו הַוַּת Mic 7:3; with אֶל of person, unto Gen 16:13 (J) Exo 6:29 (P) Jer 38:20; Jer 40:16; Dan 10:11; Jon 3:2; בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Deu 5:1; Jer 28:7; עַל concerning, about Psa 31:19; Psa 109:20; Jer 32:42 (sometimes rendered against, but dubious); עִם with Psa 28:3; בִּי הַדֹּבֵר הַמַּלְאָךְ the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel) Zec 1:9, Zec 1:13, Zec 1:14; Zec 2:2; Zec 2:7; Zec 4:1, Zec 4:4, Zec 4:5; Zec 5:5, Zec 5:10; Zec 6:4 (see preposition בְּ
III. 2 Ew§ 217 f. (3)).
Niph`al4 Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Mal 3:16, נִדְבָּ֑רוּ Psa 119:23, נִדְבַּרְנוּ Mal 3:13; Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Eze 33:30; reciprocal sense, speak with one another, talk, absolute Mal 3:16; with בְּ, against Psa 119:23; Eze 33:30; with עַל, concerning, about Mal 3:13 (RV against, see Ew§ 217 i.)
Pi`el1089 Perfect דִּבֶּר Gen 12:4 +, דִּבֵּ֑ר Gen 21:1 + (on דִּבֶּ֑ר Exo 12:25; Deu 26:19 see Bö§ 1021 d (1) Köi, 188); Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Gen 44:7 +, יְדַבֶּרֿ Gen 44:18 +; תְּדַבְּרוּן Gen 32:20, תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן Psa 58:2; Imperative דַּבֵּר Gen 24:38 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Exo 11:2 +; Infinitive דַּבֵּר Gen 24:50 +, דַּבֶּרֿ Isa 59:13 +; Participle מְדַבֵּר Gen 27:6 +; feminine מְדַבֶּרֶת 1Sa 1:13 +; — (הַדִּבֵּר Jer 5:13, infinitive Ki48, probably Ol§ 182 e Kö§ 23 -5, perhaps MV; but more probably a noun, as Ges§ 52 (2), Anm. 3 Ew§ 156 a, dubious perfect as Sta§ 222; דִּבֶּר בְּיוֺם Exo 6:28; Num 3:1; Deu 4:15; דִּבֶּרֿ תְּחִלַּת Hos 1:2, infinitive Ki48 Bö§ 987 (7) Kö§ 23 (5); but more probably perfect, as Ges§ 52 (2). Anm. 3); — speak,
1 absolute Deu 18:17 +?לֵאמֹר, less frequently וַיּאֹמֶר: 2Ki 18:28 +, compare the phrases (י דברתי׳אני ) Eze 5:13 18t. Ezekiel; י ׳כי דבר Isa 1:2; Isa 21:17; Isa 22:25; Isa 24:3; Isa 25:8; Jer 13:15; Joel 4:8; Obadiah 18; י פי ׳כי דבר Isa 1:20; Isa 40:5; Isa 58:14; Mic 4:4; ידבר פי Psa 49:4; פי (י)דבר Psa 66:14; Psa 145:21; ודבר השׁכם Jer 7:13; Jer 25:3; Jer 35:14; מדבר זה עוד Job 1:16-17, Job 1:18.
2 with accusative of thing, very frequently, האלה הדברים את ׳ד Exo 20:1; Deu 5:19 +; דְּבָרֶיךָ עוֺד תְּדַבֵּר לָמָּה why speakest thou any more of thy affairs ? 2Sa 19:30; דְּבָרָ֑י אִםדִּֿבַּרְתִּי עַד until I have told my errand Gen 24:33; seldom followed by דָּבָר indefinite; as ׳ד דָּבָר Isa 58:13 speak a (mere, empty) word; so probably also ׳ד דְּבָרִים Hos 10:4; with other nouns, e.g. קשׁות דבר spake rough words Gen 42:7, Gen 42:30 (E); ׳ד גבהה proud words 1Sa 2:3; טבות friendly words Jer 12:6; טוב 1Sa 19:4; 1Ki 22:13; Est 7:9; שׁקר Isa 59:3 +, כזב Dan 11:27, אמת Jer 9:4 +, שׁוא Psa 12:3 +; שׁיר דבר utter, sing a song Jdg 5:12 משׁל 1Ki 5:12; יְהוּדִית the Jewish language Neh 13:24; סרה rebellion Deu 13:6; Jer 28:16; Jer 29:32.
3 with persons:
a. rarely accusative לְשָׁלֹם דַבְּרוֺ יָָֽכְלוּ they could [not] speak unto him peaceably Gen 37:4 (J; but Ew§ 282 a about him); אֹתָם ֗֗֗ וַיְדַבֵּר Num 26:3 (P, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read אִתָּם see d).
b. most frequently with אֶל throughout the literature: Gen 8:15 +; compare phrases י ׳וַיְדַבֵּר לֵאמֹר משֶׁה אֶל Exo 6:10 87t. P; but י ׳וידבּר לך משׁה אל Exo 32:7; Exo 33:1 (JE); אהרן אל דבּר Lev 6:18 Lev 6:8t. (P); בני אל דבר ישׂראל Exo 6:9 38t. (P); elsewhere, Exo 19:6 (E) Deu 1:3; Deu 4:45 (D); ׳ד העדה (כל) אל Exo 12:3; Lev 19:2; Num 16:24, Num 16:26 (P); ׳ד לב אל speak unto one's heart Gen 24:45, i.e. to oneself, compare also ׳ד לִבָּהּ על 1Sa 1:13, see
5 below; אל is used inexactly for על 1Sa 3:12; 1Ki 16:12; Isa 16:13; Jer 27:13; Jer 30:4; Jer 33:14; Jer 36:7, Jer 36:31; Jer 40:2; Jer 50:1; Jer 51:12, Jer 51:62 where it is rendered concerning or against.
c. with לְ speak to 1Ki 2:19; Eze 32:21; Dan 2:4; ליהוה speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song Jos 10:12 (D) 2Sa 22:1 (= Psa 18:1 title); in D, ל דבר promise to, in phrases דבר(י ל׳כאשׁר ) Deu 1:11, Deu 1:21; Deu 6:3; Deu 9:3; Deu 10:9; Deu 11:25; Deu 12:20; Deu 15:6; Deu 18:2; Deu 26:18; Deu 27:3; Deu 29:12; Jos 13:14, Jos 13:33; Jos 22:4; Jos 23:5, Jos 23:10 (all D); ל דבר אשׁר Deu 9:28; 1Ki 8:24-25, 1Ki 8:26 (= 2Ch 6:15-16, 2Ch 6:17). — ל דבר Gen 24:7; Gen 28:15; Gen 49:28; Exo 32:34 (J) Jos 9:21 (P) Jdg 14:7; 2Sa 23:3; Isa 30:10; Zec 9:10 usually rendered speak to, but often rather promise to. אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ הֲיֵשׁ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2Ki 4:13 (by attraction to לָךְ לַעֲשׂוֺת).
d. with אֵת speak with Gen 17:3, Gen 17:22, Gen 17:23; Gen 21:2; Gen 23:8; Gen 34:6, Gen 34:8; Gen 35:13, Gen 35:15; Exo 25:22; Exo 31:18; Exo 34:29, Exo 34:33, Exo 34:34, Exo 34:35; Num 3:1; Num 7:89; Jos 22:15, Jos 22:21 (all P) Gen 35:14; Gen 41:9; Gen 42:7; Gen 45:15; Jos 17:14 (all E) Deu 5:21; sources of Samuel Kings Chronicles, 2Sa 3:27; 2Sa 7:7 = 1Ch 17:6; 1Ki 8:15 2Ch 6:4; 1Ki 22:24 2Ch 18:23; 2Ch 10:10 ( = אל 1Ki 12:10) Jer 5:5; Jer 7:22; Jer 9:7; Jer 35:2; Jer 38:25; Eze 2:1; Eze 3:22, Eze 3:24, Eze 3:27; Eze 14:4; Eze 20:3; Eze 44:5; Dan 1:19; Zec 8:16; compare phrases אחד את חד דבר speak one with another Eze 33:30; את משׁפטים דבר speak judgments with, usually = give judgment against, (not Jer 12:1), Jer 1:16; Jer 4:12; Jer 12:1; Jer 39:5; Jer 52:9 (= 2Ki 25:6); את טבות דבר speak kindly with 2Ki 25:28 = Jer 52:32.
e. with עִם speak with, (not P), Gen 29:9; Gen 31:24, Gen 31:29; Exo 19:9; Exo 20:19 (twice in verse); Exo 20:22; Exo 33:9; Num 11:17; Num 22:19; Jos 24:27 (all J E) Deu 5:4; Deu 9:10; Jdg 6:17; 1Sa 9:25 (ᵐ5 Th We Dr לְ וַיִּרְבְּדוּ spread a couch for) 1Sa 17:23; 2Sa 13:22; 1Ki 1:14, 1Ki 1:22; 2Ki 6:33; 2Ki 18:26; 2Ch 9:1 (= אֶל 1Ki 10:2) Neh 9:18; Est 6:14; Jer 32:4; Dan 8:18; Dan 9:22; Dan 10:11, Dan 10:15, Dan 10:17, Dan 10:19; Hos 12:5; לִבִּי עִם אֲנִי דִּבַּרְתִּי I spake, communed with my heart Ecc 1:16. feminine לִפְנֵי before, in the presence of Exo 6:12; Num 36:1 (P) Jdg 11:11; 1Ki 3:22; Est 8:3.
4 with בְּ
a. instrumental, בְּ דבר speak with, by, or by means of a person (see above
Qal near the end) Num 12:2 (twice in verse); Num 12:6, Num 12:8 (E) 2Sa 23:2 (compare Dr), 1Ki 22:28 2Ch 18:27; Hab 2:1; דִּבֶּר בְּשֵׁם speak in the name of Exo 5:23 (J) Deu 18:19-20, (twice in verse); Deu 18:22; 1Ch 21:19; Jer 20:9; Jer 26:16; Jer 29:23; Jer 44:16; Dan 9:6; Zec 13:3; ביד by the hand of Num 17:5; Num 27:23; Jos 20:2 (P) 1Sa 28:17; 1Ki 8:53 1Ki 8:13t. Kings, 2Ch 10:15 (= 1Ki 12:15) Isa 20:2; Jer 37:2; Jer 50:1; Eze 38:17.
b. local (figurative), בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Gen 20:8 (E) Exo 11:2; Deu 32:44 (J) Gen 23:16; Num 14:28; Jos 20:4 (P) Deu 31:28, Deu 31:30; Jdg 9:2-3, 1Sa 8:21; 1Sa 11:4; 1Sa 25:24; 2Sa 3:19 (twice in verse); Jer 26:15; Pro 23:9; דבר בלב speak in the heart Ecc 2:15.
c. of the object, speak of, about (preposition בְּ IV. e Ew§ 217 f, (2)) Deu 6:7; Deu 11:19; 1Sa 19:3-4, Psa 119:46; Psa 122:8; propose for (a wife) 1Sa 25:39 (compare Son 8:8).
d. of hostility, against (Ew§ 217 f, (1)) Num 12:1, Num 12:8; Num 21:5, Num 21:7 (E) Job 19:18; Psa 50:20; Psa 78:19.
e. of price, בְּנַפְשׁוֺ at the cost of his life 1Ki 2:23 (see בְּ III. 3).
5 with עַל, of the object concerning or about which one speaks Gen 18:19; Num 10:29 (J) Jos 23:14 (D) Jdg 9:3; 1Sa 25:30; 1Ki 2:4, 1Ki 2:27; 1Ki 5:13 (twice in verse); 1Ki 14:2; 1Ki 22:23 (= 2Ch 18:22), 2Ki 10:10; 2Ki 19:21 = Isa 37:22; 1Ch 22:11; 2Ch 23:3; Jer 1:16; Jer 18:7-8, Jer 18:9; Jer 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders 1Ki 2:18-19, Est 7:9; Jer 18:20 for; 2Ch 32:16; Neh 6:12; Jer 11:17; <ref>Jer 16:10</