eRhema Explore
Word

ἀποδίδωμι

apodídōmi · G591 · Greek · 48 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. to return, to give back

    To return to someone what belongs to that person

    Examples

    Luke 4:20 And He rolled up the scroll, gave it back to the attendant, and sat down; and the eyes of all the people in the synagogue were intently directed at Him.

    Luke 9:42 Now while he was still approaching, the demon slammed him to the ground and threw him into a convulsion. But Jesus rebuked the unclean spirit, and healed the boy and gave him back to his father.

  2. to pay, to render

    To make a payment, with the implication of such a payment being in response to an incurred obligation

    Examples

    Matthew 5:26 “Truly I say to you, you will not come out of there until you have paid up the last quadrans.

    Matthew 18:25 “But since he did not have the means to repay, his master commanded that he be sold, along with his wife and children and all that he had, and repayment be made.

    Matthew 18:26 “So the slave fell to the ground and prostrated himself before him, saying, ‘Have patience with me and I will repay you everything.’

  3. to reward, to recompense

    To recompense someone, whether positively or negatively, depending upon what the individual deserves

    Examples

    Matthew 6:4 so that your charitable giving will be in secret; and your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward you.

    Matthew 6:6 “But as for you, when you pray, go into your inner room, close your door, and pray to your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward you.

    Matthew 6:18 so that your fasting will not be noticed by people but by your Father who is in secret; and your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward you.

  4. to cause to happen, to do, to pay back

    To cause to happen what has been promised, often in relation to vows or oaths

    Examples

    Matthew 5:33 “Again, you have heard that the ancients were told, ‘YOU SHALL NOT MAKE FALSE VOWS, BUT SHALL FULFILL YOUR VOWS TO THE LORD.’

    1 Corinthians 7:3 The husband must fulfill his duty to his wife, and likewise the wife also to her husband.

  5. to make, to perform, to do, to give

    A marker of an agent relation with a numerable event, with the probable implication of some transfer involved

    Examples

    Luke 16:2 “And he summoned him and said to him, ‘What is this I hear about you? Give an accounting of your management, for you can no longer be manager.’

    Acts 4:33 And with great power the apostles were giving testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and abundant grace was upon them all.

    Hebrews 13:17 Obey your leaders and submit to them—for they keep watch over your souls as those who will give an account—so that they may do this with joy, not groaning; for this would be unhelpful for you.

  6. to sell

    To dispose of property or provide services in exchange for money or other valuable considerations

    Examples

    Acts 5:8 And Peter responded to her, “Tell me whether you sold the land for this price?” And she said, “Yes, for that price.”

    Acts 7:9 “The patriarchs became jealous of Joseph and sold him into Egypt. Yet God was with him,

    Hebrews 12:16 that there be no sexually immoral or godless person like Esau, who sold his own birthright for a single meal.

How it’s used In 9 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

48 occurrences in 19 groups

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

31 occurrences in 19 groups

To or for whomIndirect object

27 occurrences in 15 groups

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

14 occurrences in 11 groups

With adverbsAdverbs

4 occurrences in 2 groups

Named alongside itApposition

4 occurrences in 4 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

12 occurrences in 6 groups

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

1 occurrences in 1 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 3 words
שׁוּב shûwb · H7725 · to turn around, to turn (someone) around
שׁוּב (shûwb, H7725) שׁוּב focuses on the directional aspect of returning/restoring something to its origin point, while ἀποδίδωμι (apodídōmi, G591) ἀποδίδωμι emphasizes the transactional act of giving back what is owed or rendering what is due (payment, reward, recompense); they overlap in contexts of restoration and repayment where both the return-motion and the discharge-of-obligation dimensions converge.
מָכַר mâkar · H4376 · to sell, to sell oneself
Greek ἀποδίδωμι encompasses a broader semantic range ('give back/away/up/over') including return, repayment, and rendering what is due, while Hebrew מָכַר specifically denotes commercial sale or transfer of ownership through transaction; the cross-linguistic equivalence holds in contexts where 'giving over' involves transfer of goods or persons, particularly in commercial or transactional frames where the Greek term narrowed to the 'hand over' sense that overlaps with selling.
שָׁלַם shâlam · H7999 · to be finished, to finish
שָׁלַם (shâlam, H7999) שָׁלַם emphasizes completion, restitution, and making whole (etymologically related to shalom/peace), particularly in contexts of repayment or fulfilling obligations, while ἀποδίδωμι (apodídōmi, G591) ἀποδίδωμι focuses on the directional transfer of giving back or away, especially in commercial/transactional contexts of rendering what is due.
Semantic domains 5 entries
To cause to happen, to do, to pay back13.136
In Matthew 5:33, Jesus quotes the command, “YOU SHALL NOT MAKE FALSE VOWS, BUT SHALL FULFILL (apodṓseis) YOUR VOWS TO THE LORD,” describing the carrying-out of an obligation already undertaken.
To reward, to recompense38.16
In Matthew 6:4, Jesus says of secret charitable giving, “your Father who sees what is done in secret will reward (apodṓsei) you,” describing a recompense given in response to conduct.
To pay, to render57.153
In Matthew 5:26, Jesus warns, “you will not come out of there until you have paid up (apodṓis) the last quadrans,” describing an ordinary settling of a debt.
To sell57.186
In Acts 5:8, Peter asks Sapphira, “Tell me whether you sold (apédosthe) the land for this price?” describing a transaction in which property changes hands for money.
To make, to perform, to do, to give90.46
In Matthew 12:36, Jesus warns that on the day of judgment people “will give (apodṓsousin) an accounting for every careless word they have spoken,” describing the rendering of an account rather than a payment of money.
Word family 20 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

δίδωμι dídōmi · G1325 · to give, giving, to make · 414×παραδίδωμι paradídōmi · G3860 · to give over, to hand over, to turn over to · 119×ἀποδίδωμιapodídōmi · G591παράδοσις parádosis · G3862 · teaching, tradition · 13×ἐπιδίδωμι epidídōmi · G1929 · to give to, to deliver to, to give in to · 9×ἀνταποδίδωμι antapodídōmi · G467 · to repay, to pay back, to give back · 7×μεταδίδωμι metadídōmi · G3330 · to share, to give · 5×διαδίδωμι diadídōmi · G1239 · to give out, to distribute · 4×δόμα dóma · G1390 · gift · 4×ἐκδίδωμι ekdídōmi · G1554 · to let out, to lease, to rent out · 4×προδότης prodótēs · G4273 · betrayer, one who betrays · 3×ἀνταπόδομα antapódoma · G468 · repayment, recompense, reward for what has been done · 2×δόσις dósis · G1394 · to give, giving, gift · 2×ἀναδίδωμι anadídōmi · G325 · to hand over, to deliver · 1×ἀνταπόδοσις antapódosis · G469 · recompense, reward for what has been done · 1×δότης dótēs · G1395 · giver · 1×ἔκδοτος ékdotos · G1560 · handed over, betrayed · 1×εὐμετάδοτος eumetádotos · G2130 · liberal, generous in sharing · 1×προδίδωμι prodídōmi · G4272 · to give beforehand, to give in advance, to give first · 1×

Also from the root δίδωμι

μισθαποδότης misthapodótēs · G3406 · rewarder, recompenser · 1×
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon present participle neuter ἀποδιδοῦν (from the form ἀποδιδόω, Rev 22:2, where T Tr WH…
present participle neuter ἀποδιδοῦν (from the form ἀποδιδόω, Rev 22:2, where T Tr WH marginal reading ἀποδιδούς (see WH's Appendix, p. 167)); imperfect 3 person plural ἀπεδίδουν (for the more common ἀπεδίδοσαν, Acts 4:33; cf. Winer's Grammar, § 14, 1 c.); future ἀποδώσω; 1 aorist ἀπέδωκα; 2 aorist ἀπεδων, imperative ἀπόδος, subjunctive 3 person singular ἀποδῷ and in 1 Thess 5:15 Tdf. ἀποδοι (see δίδωμι), optative 3 person singular ἀποδῴη (or rather, ἀποδῴη; for ἀποδῴη is a subjunctive form) (2 Tim 4:14, for ἀποδοιη, cf. Winers Grammar, § 14, 1 g.; Buttmann, 46 (40); yet L T Tr WH ἀποδώσει); passive, 1 aorist infinitive ἀποδοθῆναι; middle, 2 aorist ἀπεδομην, 3 person singular ἀπέδοτο (Heb 12:16, where L WH ἀπέδετο; cf. Buttmann, 47 (41); Delitzsch on Hebrew, p. 632 note; (WHs Appendix, p. 167)); a common verb in Greek writings from Homer down, and the N. T. does not deviate at all from their use of it; properly, to put away by giving, to give up, give over (German abgeben (cf. Winer's De verb. comp. etc. Part iv., p. 12f who regards ἀπό as denoting to give from some reserved store, or to give over something which might have been retained, or to lay off some burden of debt or duty; cf. Cope on Aristotle, rhet. 1, 1, 7));
1. to deliver, relinquish what is one's own: τό σῶμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, Mt 27:58; hence, in middle to give away for one's own profit what is one's own, i. e. to sell (Winer's Grammar, 253 (238)): τί, Acts 5:8; Heb 12:16; τινα, Acts 7:9 (often in this sense in Greek writings, especially the Attic, from Herodotus 1, 70 down; in the Sept. for מָכַר, Gen 25:33 etc.; Baruch 6:27 (i. e. Epistle Jer.) (28)).
2. to pay off, discharge, what is due (because a debt, like a burden, is thrown off, ἀπό, by being paid): a debt (German abtragen), Mt 5:26; Mt 18:25-30, Mt 18:34; Lk 7:42; Lk 10:35; Lk 12:59; wages, Mt 20:8; tribute and other dues to the government, Mt 22:21; Mk 12:17; Lk 20:25; Rom 13:7; produce due, Mt 21:41; Heb 12:11; Rev 22:2; ὅρκους things promised under oath, Mt 5:33, cf. Num 30:3 (εὐχήν a vow, Deut 23:21, etc.); conjugal duty, 1 Cor 7:3; ἀμοιβάς grateful requitals, 1 Tim 5:4; λόγον to render account: Mt 12:36; Lk 16:2; Acts 19:40; Rom 14:12 L text Tr text; Heb 13:17; 1 Pet 4:5; μαρτύριον, to give testimony (as something officially due), Acts 4:33. Hence,
3. to give back, restore: Lk 4:20; ( Lachmann marginal reading); Lk 9:42; .
4. to requite, recompense, in a good or a bad sense: Mt 6:4, Mt 6:6, Mt 6:18; Mt 16:27; Rom 2:6; 2 Tim 4:1,; Rev 18:6; Rev 22:12; κακόν ἀντί κακοῦ, Rom 12:17; 1 Thess 5:15; 1 Pet 3:9. (Compare: ἀνταποδίδωμι.)

Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain

Topical studies with this word 6 entries
Happen2 occurrencesReward, Recompense14 occurrencesPossess, Transfer, Exchange0 occurrencesPay, Price, Cost21 occurrencesSell, Buy, Price3 occurrencesAgent of a Numerable Event6 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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