πένης

אֶבְיוֹן ʼebyôwn · H34 · poor, needy

Greek πένης denotes extreme poverty/destitution (starving indigence), closely matching Hebrew אֶבְיוֹן's core sense of desperate material need (beggar/needy); the two terms share semantic overlap in contexts depicting severe economic deprivation.

עָנִי ʻânîy · H6041 · afflicted, poor, humble

Both denote material poverty/neediness; πένης (pénēs, G3993) emphasizes the extreme destitution (starving, indigent) while עָנִי (ʻânîy, H6041) encompasses a broader range of affliction including but not limited to economic poverty (afflicted, humble, lowly, needy, poor).

דַּל dal · H1800 · door, poor, weak

Greek πένης denotes extreme poverty (indigence/starvation), while Hebrew דַּל emphasizes relative weakness or economic disadvantage; both translate core poverty concepts across languages with overlapping semantic ranges.

מִסְכֵּן miçkên · H4542 · poor

Greek πένης emphasizes destitution/starvation while Hebrew מִסְכֵּן denotes general poverty, but both terms translate the same core poverty concept across OT/NT contexts.

עָנָו ʻânâv · H6035 · afflicted, poor, humble

πένης (pénēs, G3993) denotes material poverty/destitution specifically, while עָנָו (ʻânâv, H6035) encompasses both economic lowliness and spiritual humility/meekness, with the economic sense overlapping where the Greek term renders the poverty aspect of the broader Hebrew semantic range.

רוּשׁ rûwsh · H7326 · to suffer want, poor, destitute

Greek πένης denotes the state of extreme poverty or destitution (indigence, starvation-level need), serving as the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew רוּשׁ which designates those lacking material resources or means.

Poor, needy57.50

πένης describes someone in a state of need, working for a living rather than possessing wealth. Paul cites the scriptural description of the righteous person's generosity toward such people: “HE SCATTERED ABROAD, HE GAVE TO THE POOR, HIS RIGHTEOUSNESS ENDURES FOREVER” (2 Corinthians 9:9).

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.