אֶבְיוֹן
ʼebyôwn · H34 · Hebrew · 61 occurrences
Meanings
-
poor, needy
Person who does not have the means to provide for himself/herself, economically or otherwise, and therefore depends on help from other people and God
ExamplesExodus 23:6 “You shall not pervert the justice due to your needy brother in his dispute.
Exodus 23:11 but in the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie uncultivated, so that the needy of your people may eat; and whatever they leave the animal of the field may eat. You are to do the same with your vineyard and your olive grove.
Deuteronomy 15:4 “However, there will be no poor among you, since the LORD will certainly bless you in the land which the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance to possess,
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
5 occurrences in 4 groups
- ךָyour 2
- אָדָםhuman, humankind, human being(s) 1
- עַםpeople 1
- הּher 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- נָקִיinnocent 1
- שָׁוַעto cry out 1
What it doesIt is the subject
10 occurrences in 9 groups
- Other words · 9 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10
What is done to itIt is the object
19 occurrences in 16 groups
- Other words · 16 groups that occur once or twice (19) 19
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- אֲנִיI 3
- אָנֹכִיI 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
10 occurrences in 3 groups
- לto/for 11
- אֵלto, toward 2
- עַלon, upon, over, against 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
10 occurrences in 7 groups
- מִשְׁפָּטjustice, judgment, ordinance 3
- נֶפֶשׁsoul, life 2
- בֵּןson 1
- דִּיןcause, judgment, rights 1
- יָדhand, power 1
- יָמִיןright side 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 3 words
- דַּל dal · H1800 · door, poor, weak
- Both words denote the social and economic status of the poor and needy, and "needy, poor" appears in both.
- עָנִי ʻânîy · H6041 · afflicted, poor, humble
- Both lexemes denote poor or needy persons, sharing genuine overlap as near-synonyms for poverty, even though the Septuagint tends to render them with different Greek words, reflecting nuanced translation choices rather than any real difference in the underlying Hebrew sense.
- מִסְכֵּן miçkên · H4542 · poor
- Both lexemes denote poor or needy persons — two distinct Hebrew words for "poor (man)" that could substitute for each other in context.
In the other Testament 2 words
- πένης pénēs · G3993 · poor, needy
- Greek πένης (pénēs, G3993) is the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew אֶבְיוֹן (ʼebyôwn, H34), both denoting a person in poverty or material need; the Greek term emphasizes the indigent/starving condition while the Hebrew encompasses beggar/needy status, but they function as direct translation equivalents across the poverty semantic field.
- πτωχός ptōchós · G4434 · poor, destitute, of little or no value
- Greek πτωχός (ptōchós, G4434) serves as the direct Cross-Linguistic Equivalent of Hebrew אֶבְיוֹן (ʼebyôwn, H34), both denoting a poor or destitute person in need, with πτωχός commonly rendering אֶבְיוֹן in LXX translations of prophetic and legal texts addressing social justice for the economically vulnerable.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Poor002001001043
- אֶבְיוֹן describes a person in genuine economic need, one whose needy state calls for justice and provision rather than neglect.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H34. ebyon אֶבְיוֺן adjective in want, needy, poor, — so, always absolute, Deu 15:4 40t;…
אֶבְיוֺן adjective in want, needy, poor, — so, always absolute, Deu 15:4 40t; אֶבְיֹנְךָ Exo 23:6; Deu 15:11; אֶבְיוֺנִים Amo 4:1 14t.; אֶבְיוֺנֵי (אֶבְיֹנֵי) Exo 23:11; Isa 29:19; אֶבְיוֺנֶיהָ Psa 132:15—; (Hexateuch only J E D; mostly poetry, 23 t. Psalms) needy, chiefly poor (in material things); as adjective Deu 15:7 (twice in verse); Deu 15:9; Deu 24:14; Psa 109:16 (both || עָנִי); elsewhere substantive; Psa 49:3 (|| עָשִׁיר); Deu 15:4, Deu 15:11; subject to oppression & abuse Amo 2:6; Amo 5:12 (both || צַדִּיק) Amo 4:1; Amo 8:6 (all || דַּל) Isa 32:7; Amo 8:4; Eze 16:49; Eze 18:12; Eze 22:29; Psa 37:14; Job 24:4, Job 24:14; Pro 30:14 — compare Psa 109:16 above — (all || עָנִי) Jer 5:28 (|| יָתוֺם) Jer 2:34; cared for by good Job 29:16; Job 30:25 (|| קְשֵׁהיֿוֺם) Job 31:19; Psa 112:9; Est 9:22; Pro 14:31 (|| דַּל) Pro 31:20; Jer 22:16 (|| עָנִי); care of them enjoined, negatively Exo 23:6; — compare Deu 24:14 above — positively Exo 23:11; Deu 15:11; Pro 31:9 (both || עָנִי) — compare Deu 15:7 (twice in verse); Deu 15:9 above — Psa 82:4 (|| דַּל); cared for by God Jer 20:13; Psa 107:41; Psa 132:15; Job 5:15; 1Sa 2:8 = Psa 113:7; Isa 14:30 (all || דַּל) Psa 35:10; Psa 140:13 (both || עָנִי), compare Davidic king Psa 72:12 (|| עָנִי) = Psa 72:4 אֶבְ ׳בְּנֵי (|| id.), Psa 72:13 (twice in verse); (|| דַּל); needing help, deliverance from trouble, especially as delivered by God Psa 9:19; Psa 12:6; Psalm 40:18 = Psalm 70:6; Psa 74:21; Psa 86:1; Psa 109:22; Isa 29:19; Isa 41:17 (all || עָנִי) Isa 25:4 (|| דַּל) Psa 69:34; Psa 109:31.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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