ἁμαρτάνω

future ἁμαρτήσω (Mt 18:21; Rom 6:15; in the latter passage L T Tr WH give ἁμαρτήσωμεν for R G ἁμαρτήσομεν), in classical Greek ἁμαρτήσομαι; 1 aorist (later) ἡμάρτησα, Mt 18:15; Rom 5:14, Rom 5:16 (cf. Winers Grammar, 82 (79); Buttmann, 54 (47)); 2 aorist ἥμαρτον; perfect ἡμάρτηκα; (according to a conjecture of Alexander Buttmann (1873), Lexil. i., p. 137, from the alpha privative and μείρω, μείρομαι, μέρος, properly, to be without a share in, namely, the mark); properly, to miss the mark, (Homer, Iliad 8, 311, etc.; with the genitive of the thing missed, Homer, Iliad 10, 372; 4, 491; τοῦ σκοποῦ, Plato, Hipp. min., p. 375 a.; τῆς ὁδοῦ, Aristophanes Plutarch, 961, others); then to err, be mistaken; lastly to miss or wander from the path of uprightness and honor, to do or go wrong. ("Even the Sept., although the Hebrew חָטָא also means primarily to miss, endeavor to reserve ἁμαρτάνω exclusively for the idea of sin: and where the Hebrew signifies to miss one's aim in the literal sense, they avail themselves of expressive compounds, in particular ἐξαμαρτάνειν, Judg 20:16." Zezschwitz, Profangraec, u. Biblical Sprachgeist, p. 63f) In the N. T. to wander from the law of God, violate God's law, sin;
a. absolutely: Mt 27:4; Jn 5:14; Jn 8:11; Jn 9:2; 1 Jn 1:10; 1 Jn 2:1; 1 Jn 3:6, 1 Jn 3:8; 1 Jn 5:18; Rom 2:12; Rom 3:23; Rom 5:12, Rom 5:14, Rom 5:16; Rom 6:15; 1 Cor 7:28, 1 Cor 7:36; 1 Cor 15:34; Eph 4:26; 1 Tim 5:20; Tit 3:11; Heb 3:17; Heb 10:26 (ἑκουσίως); (2 Pet 2:4); of the violation of civil laws, which Christians regard as also the transgression of divine law, 1 Pet 2:20.
b. ἁμαρτάνειν ἁμαρτίαν to commit (literally, sin) a sin, 1 Jn 5:16 (μεγάλην ἁμαρτίαν, Ex 32:30f. Hebrew חֲטָאָה חָטָא; αἰσχρὰν ἁμαρτάνω Sophocles Phil. 1249; μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα ἁμαρτάνειν, Plato, Phaedo, p. 113 e.); cf. ἀγαπάω, under the end ἁμαρτάνειν εἰς τινα (Buttmann, 173 (150); Winer's Grammar, 233 (219)): Mt 18:15 (L T WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets εἰς σε), Mt 18:21; Lk 15:18, Lk 15:21; Lk 17:3 Rec., 4; 1 Cor 8:12; τί εἰς Καίσαρα, Acts 25:8; εἰς τό ἴδιον σῶμα, 1 Cor 6:18 (εἰς αὑτούς τέ καί εἰς ἄλλους, Plato, rep. 3, p. 396 a.; εἰς τό θεῖον, Plato, Phaedr., p. 242 c.; εἰς Θεούς, Xenophon, Hell. 1, 7, 19, etc.; (cf. ἁμαρτάνω κυρίῳ Θεῷ, Baruch 1:13 Baruch 2:5)); Hebraistically, ἐνώπιον (לִפְּנֵי) τίνος (Buttmann, § 146, 1) in the presence of, before anyone, the one wronged by the sinful act being, as it were, present and looking on: Lk 15:18, Lk 15:21 (1 Sam 7:6; Tobit 3:3, etc.; (cf. ἔναντι κυρίου, Baruch 1:17)). (For references see ἁμαρτία. Compare: προαμαρτάνω).