ἔρχομαι

imperative ἔρχου, ἔρχεσθε (for the Attic ἴθι, ἰτε from εἰμί); imperfect ἠρχόμην (for ἐηιν and ἦα more common in Attic); future ἐλεύσομαι; — (on these forms cf. (especially Rutherford, New Phryn., p. 103ff; Veitch, under the word); Matthiae, § 234; Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Spr. ii. 182f; Krüger, § 40 under the word; Kühner, § 343; Winers Grammar, § 15 under the word; (Buttmann, 58 (50))); perfect ἐλήλυθα; pluperfect ἐληλύθειν; 2 aorist ἦλθον and (occasionally by L T Tr WH (together or severally) — as Mt 6:10; (Mt 7:25, Mt 7:27; Mt 10:13; Mt 14:34; Mt 25:36; Mk 1:29; Mk 6:29; Lk 1:59; Lk 2:16; Lk 5:7; Lk 6:17; Lk 8:35; Lk 11:2; Lk 23:33; Lk 24:1, Lk 24:23); John (Jn 1:39 (); ); ; (Jn 12:9); Acts 12:10; (Acts 14:24); f etc.) in the Alexandrian form ἦλθα (see ἀπέρχομαι at the beginning for references); the Sept. for בּוא, rarely for אָתָה and יָלַך; (from Homer down);
I. to come;
1. properly,
a. of persons; α. universally, to come from one place into another, and used both of persons arriving — as in Mt 8:9; Mt 22:3; Lk 7:8; Lk 14:17 (here WH marginal reading read the infinitive, see their Introductory § 404), 20; Jn 5:7; Acts 10:29; Rev 22:7, and very often; οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καί οἱ ὑπάγοντες, Mk 6:31; — and of those returning, as in Jn 4:27; Jn 9:7; Rom 9:9. Constructions: followed by ἀπό with the genitive of place, Mk 7:1; Mk 15:21; Acts 18:2; 2 Cor 11:9; with the genitive of person, Mk 5:35; Jn 3:2; Gal 2:12, etc.; followed by ἐκ with the genitive of place, Lk 5:17 (L text συνέρχομαι); Jn 3:31, etc.; followed by εἰς with the accusative of place, to come into: as εἰς τήν οἰκίαν, τόν οἶκον, Mt 2:11; Mt 8:14; Mk 1:29; Mk 5:38, etc.; εἰς τήν πόλιν, Mt 9:1, and many other examples; followed by εἰς to, toward, Jn 20:3f; εἰς τό πέραν, of persons going in a boat, Mt 8:28; of persons departing ἐκ... εἰς, Jn 4:54; διά with the genitive of place followed by εἰς (Rec. πρός) to, Mk 7:31; εἰς τήν ἑορτήν, to celebrate the feast, Jn 4:45; Jn 11:56; ἐν with the dative of the thing with which one is equipped, Rom 15:29; 1 Cor 4:21; followed by ἐπί with the accusative of place (German über, over), Mt 14:28; (German auf), Mk 6:53; (German an), Lk 19:5; (Lk 23:33 L Tr); Acts 12:10, Acts 12:12; to with the accusative of the thing, Mt 3:7; Mt 21:19; Mk 11:13; Mk 16:2; Lk 24:1; with the accusative of person, Jn 19:33; to one's tribunal, Acts 24:8 Rec.; against one, of a military leader, Lk 14:31; κατά with the accusative, Lk 10:33; Acts 16:7; παρά with the genitive of person, Lk 8:49 (Lachmann ἀπό); with the accusative of place, to (the side of), Mt 15:29; πρός to, with the accusative of person, Mt 3:14; Mt 7:15; (Mt 14:25 L T Tr WH); Mk 9:14; Lk 1:43; Jn 1:29; 2 Cor 13:1, and very often, especially in the Gospels; ἀπό τίνος (the genitive of person) πρός τινα, 1 Thess 3:6; with a simple dative of person (properly, dative commodi or incommodi (cf. Winers Grammar, § 22, 7 N. 2; Buttmann, 179 (155))): Mt 21:5; Rev 2:5, Rev 2:16 (examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1184a bottom; (Liddell and Scott, under II. 4)). with adverbs of place: πόθεν, Jn 3:8; Jn 8:14; Rev 7:13; ἄνωθεν, Jn 3:31; ὄπισθεν, Mk 5:27; ὧδε, Mt 8:29; Acts 9:21; ἐνθάδε, Jn 4:15 (R G L Tr), 16; ἐκεῖ, Jn 18:3 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 472 (440)); ποῦ, Heb 11:8; ἕως τίνος, Lk 4:42; ἄχρι τίνος, Acts 11:5. The purpose for which one comes is indicated — either by an infinitive, Mark (Mk 5:14 L T Tr WH); ; Lk 1:59; Lk 3:12; Jn 4:15 (T WH διέρχωμαι), and very often; or by a future participle, Mt 27:49; Acts 8:27; or by a following ἵνα, Jn 12:9; εἰς τοῦτο, ἵνα, Acts 9:21; or by διά τινα, Jn 12:9. As one who is about to do something in a place must necessarily come thither, in the popular narrative style the phrases ἔρχεται καί, ἦλθε καί, etc., are usually placed before verbs of action: Mt 13:19, Mt 13:25; Mk 2:18; Mk 4:15; Mk 5:33; Mk 6:29; Mk 12:9; Mk 14:37; Lk 8:12, Lk 8:47; Jn 6:15; Jn 11:48; Jn 12:22; Jn 19:38; Jn 20:19, Jn 20:26; Jn 21:13; 3 Jn 1:3; Rev 5:7; Rev 17:1; Rev 21:9; ἔρχου καί ἴδε (or βλέπε), Jn 1:46 (); ; (and Rec. in) Rev 6:1, Rev 6:3, Rev 6:5, Rev 6:7 (also Griesbach except in Rev 6:3); plural Jn 1:39 () ((T Tr WH ὄψεσθε), see εἰδῶ, I. 1 e); — or ἐλθών is used, followed by a finite verb: Mt 2:8; Mt 8:7; Mt 9:10, Mt 9:18; Mt 12:44; Mt 14:12, Mt 14:33 (R G L); Mt 18:31; Mt 27:64; ; Mk 7:25 (Tdf. εἰσελθεῖν); Mk 12:14, Mk 12:42, Mk 14:45, Mk 16:1; Acts 16:37, Acts 16:39; — or ἐρχόμενος, followed by a finite verb: Lk 13:14; Lk 16:21; Lk 18:5. in other places ἐλθών must be rendered when I (thou, he, etc.) am come: Jn 16:8; 2 Cor 12:20; Phm 1:27 (opposed to ἀπών). β. to come i. e. to appear, make one's appearance, come before the public: so κατ' ἐξοχήν of the Messiah, Lk 3:16; Jn 4:25; Jn 7:27, Jn 7:31; Heb 10:37, who is styled preeminently ὁ ἐρχόμενος, i. e. he that cometh (i. e. is about to come) according to prophetic promise and universal expectation, the coming one (Winers Grammar, 341 (320); Buttmann, 204 (176f)): Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19f; with εἰς τόν κόσμον added, Jn 6:14; Jn 11:27; ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τοῦ κυρίου, he who is already coming clothed with divine authority i. e. the Messiah — the shout of the people joyfully welcoming Jesus as he was entering Jerusalem — taken from Psalm 117:25f (f): Mt 21:9; Mt 23:39; Mk 11:9; Lk 13:35; Lk 19:38 (Tdf. omits ἐρχόμενος (so WH in their first marginal reading)); Jn 12:13. ἔρχεσθαι used of Elijah who was to return from heaven as the forerunner of the Messiah: Mt 11:14; Mt 17:10; Mk 9:11-13; of John the Baptist, Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; Jn 1:31; with εἰς μαρτυρίαν added, Jn 1:7; of Antichrist, 1 Jn 2:18; of false Christs and other deceivers, false teachers, etc.: Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8 (in these passages with the addition ἐπί τῷ ὀνόματι μου, relying on my name, i. e. arrogating to themselves and simulating my Messianic dignity); Jn 10:8; 2 Cor 11:4; 2 Pet 3:3; Rev 17:10; with the addition ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι τῷ ἰδίῳ in his own authority and of his own free-will, Jn 5:43. of the Holy Spirit, who is represented as a person coming to be the invisible helper of Christ's disciples after his departure from the world: Jn 15:26; Jn 16:7, Jn 16:13. of the appearance of Jesus among men, as a religious teacher and the author of salvation: Mt 11:19; Lk 7:34; Jn 5:43; Jn 7:28; Jn 8:42; with the addition of εἰς τόν κόσμον followed by ἵνα, Jn 12:46; Jn 18:37; εἰς κρίμα, ἵνα, Jn 9:39; followed by a telic infinitive 1 Tim 1:15; ἔρχεσθαι ὀπίσω τίνος, after one, Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7; Jn 1:15, Jn 1:27, Jn 1:30; ὁ ἐλθών δἰ ὕδατος καί αἵματος, a terse expression for, 'he that publicly appeared and approved himself (to be God's son and ambassador) by accomplishing expiation through the ordinance of baptism and the bloody death which he underwent' (compare p. 210a bottom), 1 Jn 5:6; ἔρχεσθαι followed by a telic infinitive, Mt 5:17; Mt 10:34; Lk 19:10; followed by ἵνα, Jn 10:10; ἐληλυθεναι and ἔρχεσθαι ἐν σαρκί are used of the form in which Christ as the divine λόγος appeared among men: 1 Jn 4:2, 1 Jn 4:3 (Rec.); 2 Jn 1:7. of the return of Jesus hereafter from heaven in majesty: Mt 10:23; Acts 1:11; 1 Cor 4:5; 1 Cor 11:26; 1 Thess 5:2; 2 Thess 1:10; with ἐν τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ added, Mt 16:27; Mt 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26; ἐπί τῶν νεφελῶν (borne on the clouds) μετά δυνάμεως καί δόξης, Mt 24:30; ἐν νεφέλαις, ἐν νεφέλη κτλ., Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27; ἐν τῇ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ (see ἐν, I. 5 c., p. 210b top), Mt 16:28; Lk 23:42 (εἰς τήν βασιλείαν L marginal reading Tr marginal reading WH text)
b. of time. like the Latinvenio: with nouns of time, as ἔρχονται ἡμέραι, in a future sense, will come (cf. Buttmann, 204 (176f); Winer's Grammar, § 40, 2 a.), Lk 23:29; Heb 8:8 from Jeremiah 38:31; ἐλεύσονται ἡμέραι, Mt 9:15; Mk 2:20; Lk 5:35; Lk 17:22; Lk 21:6; ἦλθεν ἡ ἡμέρα, Lk 22:7; Rev 6:17; ἔρχεται ὥρα, ὅτε, Jn 4:21, Jn 4:23; Jn 5:25; Jn 16:25; followed by ἵνα, Jn 16:2, Jn 16:32; ἦλθεν, is come, i. e. is present, Jn 16:4, Jn 16:21; Rev 14:7, Rev 14:15; ἐλήλυθε ἡ ὥρα, ἵνα, Jn 12:23; Jn 13:1 (L T Tr WH ἦλθεν); Jn 16:32; ; ἐληλύθει ἡ ὥρα αὐτοῦ, had come (Latinaderat), Jn 7:30; Jn 8:20; ἔρχεται νύξ, Jn 9:4; ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου, 1 Thess 5:2; καιροί, Acts 3:19. with names of events that occur at a definite time: ὁ θερισμός, Jn 4:35; ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου, Rev 19:7; ἦλθεν ἡ κρίσις, Rev 18:10. in imitation of the Hebrew הַבָּא, ὁ, ἡ, τό ἐρχόμενος, ἐρχομένη, ἐρχόμενον, is equivalent to to come, future (cf. Buttmanns Grammar and Winer's Grammar, as above): ὁ αἰών, Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; ἡ ἑορτή, Acts 18:21 (Rec.); ἡ ὀργή, 1 Thess 1:10; τά ἐρχόμενα, things to come, Jn 16:13 (הַבָּאִים the times to come, Isa 27:6); in the periphrasis of the name of Jehovah, ὁ ὤν καί ὁ ἦν καί ὁ ἐρχόμενος, it is equivalent to ἐσόμενος, Rev 1:4; Rev 4:8.
c. of things and events (so very often in Greek authors also); of the advent of natural events: ποταμοί, Mt 7:25 (R G); κατακλυσμός, Lk 17:27; λιμός, Acts 7:11; of the rain coming down ἐπί τῆς γῆς, Heb 6:7; of alighting birds, Mt 13:4, Mt 13:32; Mk 4:4; of a voice that is heard (Homer, Iliad 10, 139), followed by ἐκ with the genitive of place, Mt 3:17 (?); Mk 9:7 (T WH Tr marginal reading ἐγένετο); Jn 12:28; of things that are brought: ὁ λύχνος, Mk 4:21 (ἐπιστολή, Libanius, epistle 458; other examples from Greek writings are given in Kypke, Kuinoel, others, on Mark, the passage cited).
2. metaphorically,
a. of Christ's invisible return from heaven, i. e. of the power which through the Holy Spirit he will exert in the souls of his disciples: Jn 14:18, Jn 14:23; of his invisible advent in the death of believers, by which be takes them to himself into heaven, Jn 14:3.
b. equivalent to to come into being, arise, come forth, show itself, find place or influence: τά σκάνδαλα, Mt 18:7; Lk 17:1; τά ἀγαθά Rom 3:8 (Jer 17:6); τό τέλειον, 1 Cor 13:10; ἡ πίστις, Gal 3:23, Gal 3:25; ἡ ἀποστασία, 2 Thess 2:3; ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ, equivalent to be established, Mt 6:10; Lk 11:2; Lk 17:20, etc.; ἡ ἐντολή, equivalent to became known, Rom 7:9.
c. with prepositions: ἐκ τῆς (Lachmann ἀπό) θλίψεως, suffered tribulation, Rev 7:14. followed by εἰς, to come (fall) into or unto: εἰς τό χεῖρον, into a worse condition, Mk 5:26; εἰς πειρασμόν, Mk 14:38 T WH; εἰς ἀπελεγμόν (see ἀπελεγμός), Acts 19:27; εἰς τήν ὥραν ταύτην, Jn 12:27; εἰς κρίσιν, to become liable to judgment, Jn 5:24; εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν, to attain to knowledge, 1 Tim 2:4; 2 Tim 3:7; εἰς τό φανερόν, to come to light, Mk 4:22; εἰς προκοπήν ἐλήλυθε, has turned out for the advancement, Phm 1:12; ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τί, to come to a thing, is used of a writer who after discussing other matters passes on to a new topic, 2 Cor 12:1; εἰς ἑαυτόν, to come to one's senses, return to a healthy state of mind, Lk 15:17 (Epictetus diss. 3, 1, 15; Test xii. Patr., test. Jos. § 3, p. 702, Fabric edition.). ἔρχεσθαι ἐπί τινα to come upon one: in a bad sense, of calamities, Jn 18:4; in a good sense, of the Holy Spirit, Mt 3:16; Acts 19:6; to devolve upon one, of the guilt and punishment of murder, Mt 23:35. ἔρχεσθαι πρός τόν Ἰησοῦν, to commit oneself to the instruction of Jesus and enter into fellowship with him, Jn 5:40; Jn 6:35, Jn 6:37, Jn 6:44, Jn 6:45, Jn 6:65; πρός τό φῶς, to submit oneself to the power of the light, Jn 3:20f.
II. to go: ὀπίσω τίνος (אַחֲרֵי הָלַך), to follow one, Mt 16:24; (Mk 8:34 R L Tr marginal reading WH); Lk 9:23; Lk 14:27 (Gen 24:5, Gen 24:8; Gen 37:17, and elsewhere); πρός τινα, Lk 15:20; σύν τίνι, to accompany one, Jn 21:3 (cf. Buttmann, 210 (182)); ὁδόν ἔρχεσθαι, Lk 2:44 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 226 (212)). (Compare: ἀνέρχομαι, ἐπανέρχομαι, ἀπέρχομαι, διέρχομαι, εἰσέρχομαι, ἐπεισέρχομαι, παρεισέρχομαι, συνεισέρχομαι, ἐξέρχομαι, διεξέρχομαι, ἐπέρχομαι, κατέρχομαι, παρέρχομαι, ἀντιπαρέρχομαι, περιέρχομαι, προέρχομαι, προσέρχομαι, συνέρχομαι.) [SYNONYMS: ἔρχεσθαι (βαίνειν) πορεύεσθαι, χωρεῖν with the N. T. use of these verbs and their compounds it may be interesting to compare the distinctions ordinarily recognized in classic Greek, where ἔρχεσθαι denotes motion or progress generally, and of any sort, hence, to come and (especially ἐλθεῖν) arrive at, as well as to go (βαίνειν). βαίνειν primarily signifies to walk, take steps, picturing the mode of motion; to go away. πορεύεσθαι expresses motion in general — often confined within certain limits, or giving prominence to the bearing; hence, the regular word for the march of an army χωρεῖν always emphasizes the idea of separation, change of place, and does not, like e. g. πορεύεσθαι, note the external and perceptible motion — (a man may be recognized by his πορεία). Cf. Schmidt, chapter xxvii.]