εἴδω

ἴδω, Latinvideo (Sanskritvid, perfectveda know,vind-a-mi find, (cf. Vedas); Curtius, § 282), an obsolete form of the present tense, the place of which is supplied by ὁράω. The tenses coming from εἰδῶ and retained by usage form two families, of which one signifies to see, the other to know.
I. 2 aorist εἶδον, the common form, with the term. of the 1 aorist (see references under the word ἀπέρχομαι, at the beginning) ἐιδα, Rev 17:3 L, 6 L T Tr; 1 person plural εἴδαμεν, L T Tr WH in Acts 4:20; Mk 2:12; Tr WH in Mt 25:37; WH in Mt 25:38; Mk 9:38; Lk 9:49; Lk 9:3 person plural εἶδαν, T WH in Lk 9:32; Tr WH in Lk 10:24; Acts 6:15; Acts 28:4; T Tr WH in Mk 6:50; L T Tr WH in Jn 1:39 (40); Acts 9:35; Acts 12:16; WH in Mk 6:33; add ἰδαν Tdf. in Mt 13:17; Lk 10:24; ἴδον (an epic form, cf. Matthiae, i., p. 564; (Veitch, p. 215); very frequent in the Sept. and in 1 Macc., cf. Grimm on 1 Macc., p. 54; on the frequent interchange of ἴδον and ἴδον in manuscripts, cf. Jacobs ad Achilles Tatius 2, 24; (WHs Appendix, pp. 162, 164; Tdf. the Sept. Proleg., p. ix.; N. T. Proleg., p. 89; Buttmann, 39 (34))), Tdf. in Rev 4:1; Rev 6:1, Rev 6:2, Rev 6:5, Rev 6:8, Rev 6:9, Rev 6:12; Rev 7:1, etc.; 3 person singular ἰδεν, Tdf. in Lk 5:2; Rev 1:2; Rev 1:2 person plural ἴδετε, Phm 1:30 Rec.; 3 person plural ἴδον, Tdf. in (Lk 2:20); Jn 19:6; subjunctive ἴδω; imperative ἴδε (Attic ἴδε cf. Winers Grammar, § G, 1 a.; (Buttmann, 62 (54); Göttling, Accentl. 52)) (2 person plural ἴδετε, Jn 1:39-40R G L); infinitive ἰδεῖν; participle ἰδών; (the Sept. mostly for רָאָה sometimes for חָזָה and יָדַע ); to see (have seen), be seeing (saw), i. e.
1. to perceive (with the eyes; Latinconspicere, German erblicken);
a. universally, τινα or τί: Mt 2:2; Mt 4:16; Mt 14:14; Mt 28:6; Mk 1:10, Mk 1:16; Mk 2:14; Lk 5:26; Lk 7:22; Jn 1:47f (f); Jn 6:26; ; Acts 9:35; Acts 12:16; Gal 1:19; 1 Tim 6:16, and very often. οὐδέποτε οὕτως εἴδομεν we never saw in such fashion, i. e. such a sight never befell us, Mk 2:12, old German alsohat man nicht gesehen, seit etc.; cf. Kuinoel ad Mat., p. 280 edition 4. ἰδεῖν τί and ἀκοῦσαι τί are conjoined in Lk 7:22; Acts 22:14; 1 Cor 2:9; Jas 5:11; ἰδεῖν and ἰδεῖν τί are also used by those to whom something is presented in vision, as the author of the Apocalypse relates that he saw this or that: Rev 1:12, Rev 1:17; Rev 4:1 (here εἶδον καί ἰδού a formula peculiar to Rev.; see ἰδού, at the end); Rev 5:1f,6,11; 6:9; 7:1,9>, etc.; Jn 12:41; ἰδεῖν ὅραμα Acts 10:17; Acts 16:10; ἰδεῖν ἐν ὁράματι, Acts 9:12 (R G); ; ἐν τῇ ὁράσει, Rev 9:17; elliptically ἰδεῖν τί τίνος namely, ἐκπορευθεν, Rev 16:13, cf. Rev 1:16; Hebraistically (on which see Winers Grammar, § 45, 8; Buttmann, § 144, 30) ἰδών εἶδον I have surely seen: Acts 7:34 after Ex 3:7. Frequent in the historical books of the N. T. is the participleἰδών, ἰδόντες, continuing the narrative, placed before a finite verb, and either having an accusative added, as in Mt 2:10; Mt 3:7; Mt 5:1; Mt 8:34; Mk 5:22; Mk 9:20; Lk 2:48; Lk 7:13; Jn 5:6; Jn 6:14; Acts 13:12; Acts 14:11, etc.; or the accusative is omitted, as being evident from the context: Mt 9:8, Mt 9:11; Mt 21:20; Mk 10:14; Lk 1:12; Lk 2:17; Acts 3:12; Acts 7:31, etc.
b. with the accusative of a person or a thing, and a participle (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 45, 4 a.): Mt 3:7, Mt 3:16; Mt 8:14; Mk 1:16; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:49; Lk 21:2; Jn 1:33, Jn 1:47f (f); Acts 3:9; Acts 11:13; 1 Cor 8:10; 1 Jn 5:16; Rev 9:1, and often.
c. followed by ὅτι: Mk 2:16 L T Tr WH; ; Jn 6:22, Jn 6:24, etc.
d. followed by an indirect question with the indicative: with τίς, Lk 19:3; with τί, Mk 5:14; with πηλίκος, Gal 6:11.
e. ἔρχου καί ἴδε, a formula of invitation, the use of which leaves the object of the seeing to be inferred by the hearers from the matter under consideration: Jn 11:34 (); () (here ἴδε is equivalent to by seeing learn, namely, that Jesus is the Messiah), and Griesbach in Rev 6:1, Rev 6:5; plural Jn 1:39 (40) (where T Tr WH ἔρχεσθε καί ὄψεσθε). The rabbis use the phrases וחזי תא and וראה בא to command attention.
f. ἰδεῖν used absolutely and πιστεύειν are contrasted in Jn 20:29.
2. like the Latinvideo, to perceive by any of the senses: Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; Lk 17:15.
3. universally, to perceive, notice, discern, discover: τήν πίστιν αὐτῶν, Mt 9:2; τάς ἐνθυμήσεις αὐτῶν, Mt 9:4 (where L Tr WH text εἰδώς for ἰδών); τόν διαλογισμόν τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν, Lk 9:47 (T WH text Tr marginal reading εἰδώς); ἴδε with the accusative of the thing, Rom 11:22; followed by ὅτι, Mt 27:3, Mt 27:24; Acts 12:3; Acts 14:9; Acts 16:19; Gal 2:7, Gal 2:14; ἴδε, ὅτι, Jn 7:52; ἰδεῖν τινα, ὅτι, Mk 12:34 (Tr brackets the accusative).
4. to see, i. e. to turn the eyes, the mind, the attention to anything;
a. to pay attention, observe: followed by εἰ intertog. Mt 27:49; by ποταπός, 1 Jn 3:1.
b. περί τίνος (cf. Latinvidere de allqua re), to see about something (A. V. to consider of), i. e. to ascertain what must be done about it, Acts 15:6.
c. to inspect, examine: τί, Lk 14:18.
d. τινα, to look at, behold: Jn 21:21; Mk 8:33.
5. to experience, τί, any state or condition (cf. Winer's Grammar, 17): as τόν θάνατον, Lk 2:26; Heb 11:5 (Josephus, Antiquities 9, 2, 2 (οἶδεν) cf. Jn 8:51 (Psalm 88:49; τήν διαφθοράν, to pass into a state of corruption, be dissolved, Acts 2:27, Acts 2:31; Acts 13:35-37 (Psalm 15:10); τήν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, to partake of salvation in the kingdom of God, Jn 3:3; πένθος, Rev 18:7; τήν δόξαν τοῦ Θεοῦ, by some marvelous event get a signal experience of the beneficent power of God, Jn 11:40; στενοχωρίας, 1 Macc. 13:3 (ἀλοχου χάριν, Homer, Iliad 11, 243); on the same use of the verb רָאָה and the Latinvidere, cf. Gesenius, Thesaurus 3, p. 1246. ἡμέραν, to live to see a day (a time) and enjoy the blessings it brings: ἡμέρας ἀγαθάς, 1 Pet 3:10 from Ps 33:13; τήν ἡμέραν ἐμήν (Christ's language) the time when I should exercise my saving power on earth, Jn 8:56; εἶδε namely, τήν ἡμέραν τήν ἐμήν, from the abode of the blessed in paradise he in spirit saw my day, ibid. (see ἀγαλλιάω, under the end); ἐπιθυμήσετε μίαν τῶν ἡμερῶν... ἰδεῖν, ye will wish that even a single day of the blessed coming age of the Messiah may break upon your wretched times, Lk 17:22; so in Greek writings, especially the poets, ἦμαρ, ἡμέραν ἰδεῖν, in Latinvidere diem; cf. Kuinoel on Jn 8:56.
6. with the accusative of person to see i. e. have an interview with, to visit: Lk 8:20; Jn 12:21; Acts 16:40; Acts 28:20; Rom 1:11; 1 Cor 16:7; Phm 1:27; 1 Thess 3:6; 2 Tim 1:4; 3 Jn 1:14; τό πρόσωπον τίνος: 1 Thess 2:17; 1 Thess 3:10 (Lucian, dial. d. 24, 2 (cf. Rutherford on Babrius 11, 9)); with an accusative of place, to visit, go to: Acts 19:21. (Synonyms: 'When εἶδον, ἰδεῖν are called momentary preterites, it must not be supposed that thereby a quickly-past action is designated; these forms merely present the action without reference to its duration... The unaugmented moods, too, are not exclusively past, but present or future as well — the last most decidedly in the imperative. Now it is obvious that when a perception is stated without regard to its duration, its form or mode cannot have prominence; hence ἰδεῖν is much less physical than ὁρᾶν. ἰδεῖν denotes to perceive with the eyes; ὁρᾶν (which see), on the other hand, to see, i. e. it marks the use and action of the eye as the principal thing. Perception as denoted by ἰδέαν when conceived of as completed, permits the sensuous element to be forgotten and abides merely as an activity of the soul; for οἶδα, εἰδέναι, signifies not to have seen, but to know Schmidt, chapter 11. Compare: ἀπεῖδον, ἐπεῖδόν, προεῖδον, συνεῖδον εἶδον)
II. 2 perfect οἶδα, οἶδας (1 Cor 7:16; Jn 21:15, for the more common οἶσθα, οἴδαμεν (for ἰσμεν, more common in Greek), οἴδατε (ἴστε, the more usual classic form, is found only in Eph 5:5 G L T Tr WH and Heb 12:17 (probably also in Jas 1:19 according to the reading of L T Tr WH; but see below)), ὀισασι (and once the Attic ἴσασι, Acts 26:4), imperative ἴστε, once, Jas 1:19 L T Tr WH (but see above), subjunctive εἰδῶ, infinitive εἰδέναι, participle εἰδώς, εἰδυῖα (Mk 5:33; Acts 5:7); pluperfect ᾔδειν, 2 person everywhere ᾔδεις, 3 person ᾔδει, plural 2 person ᾔδειτε, 3 person ᾔδεισαν (for the more common ἠδεσαν (Veitch, p. 218; Buttmann, 43 (38))); future ἐιδήσω (Heb 8:11); cf. Winers Grammar, 84 (81); Buttmann, 51 (44); the Sept. chiefly for ψααδα>; like the Latinnovi it has the signification of a present to know, understand; and the pluperfect the significance of an imperfect; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 274 (257)).
1. to know: with the accusative of the thing, Mt 25:13; Mk 10:19; Jn 10:4; Jn 13:17; Jn 14:4; Acts 5:7; Rom 7:7; 1 Cor 2:2; Rev 2:2, Rev 2:9, etc.; τοῦτο (Rec.; others have πάντα) followed by ὅτι, etc. Jude 1:5; with the accusative of person, Mt 26:72, Mt 26:74; Jn 1:31; Jn 6:42; Acts 3:16; 2 Cor 5:16, etc.; τόν Θεόν, Tit 1:16, cf. Jn 8:19; Jn 15:21; Gentiles are called οἱ μή εἰδότες τόν Θεόν in 1 Thess 4:5; 2 Thess 1:8, cf. Gal 4:8; the predicate of the person is added (as often in Attic), εἰδώς αὐτόν ἄνδρα δίκαιον, namely, ὄντα, Mk 6:20 (Buttmann, 304 (261)); in the form of a participle 2 Cor 12:2. to an accusative of the object by attraction (Winers Grammar, § 66, 5 a.; Buttmann, 377 (323)) an epexegetical clause is added (cf. especially Buttmann, 301 (258)), with ὅτι, 1 Cor 16:15; 2 Cor 12:3; Acts 16:3; or an indirect question (Buttmann, 250f (215f)), Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34; Lk 13:25, Lk 13:27; Jn 7:27; Jn 9:29. εἰδέναι is used with the accusative and infinitive in Lk 4:41; 1 Pet 5:9; followed by ὅτι, Mt 9:6; Jn 19:35; Acts 2:30; Rom 5:3, and very often; οἴδαμεν Pollux by ὅτι is not infrequently, so far as the sense is concerned, equivalent to it is well known, acknowledged: Mt 22:16; Lk 20:21; Jn 3:2; Jn 9:31; Rom 2:2; Rom 3:19; Rom 7:14; Rom 8:22, Rom 8:28; 2 Cor 5:1; 1 Tim 1:8; 1 Jn 3:2; 1 Jn 5:20; cf. Lightfoot (in his Horae Hebrew et Talm.) and Baumg.-Crusius on Jn 3:2. frequent, especially in Paul, is the interrogative formula οὐκ οἴδατε and ἤ οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι, by which something well known is commended to one for his thoughtful consideration: Rom 11:2; 1 Cor 3:16; 1 Cor 5:6; 1 Cor 6:2f, 9, 15f, 19; 1 Cor 9:13, 1 Cor 9:24; οὐκ οἴδατε followed by an indirect question. Lk 9:55 (Rec.); οὐκ οἶδας ὅτι, Jn 19:10; οὐκ ᾔδειτε, Lk 2:49; εἰδέναι followed by an indirect question. (cf. Buttmann, as above], Mt 26:70; Jn 9:21, Jn 9:25, Jn 9:30; Jn 14:5; Jn 20:13; 1 Cor 1:16; 1 Cor 7:16; 2 Cor 12:2; Rom 8:26; Eph 6:21; 1 Tim 3:15, and very often.
2. to know, i. e. get knowledge of, understand, perceive;
a. any fact: as, τάς ἐνθυμήσεις, Mt 12:25; τήν ὑπόκρισιν, Mk 12:15; τούς διαλογισμούς αὐτῶν, Lk 6:8; Lk 11:17; with the addition of ἐν ἑαυτῷ followed by ὅτι, Jn 6:61.
b. the force and meaning of something, which has a definite meaning: 1 Cor 2:11f; τήν παραβολήν, Mk 4:13; μυστήρια, 1 Cor 13:2; followed by an indirect question. Eph 1:18.
c. as in classical Greek, followed by an infinitive in the sense of to know how (Latincalleo, to be skilled in): Mt 7:11; Lk 11:13; Lk 12:56; Phm 4:12; 1 Thess 4:4; 1 Tim 3:5; Jas 4:17; 2 Pet 2:9; ὡς οἴδατε, namely, ἀσφαλίσασθαι, Mt 27:65.
3. Hebraistically, εἰδέναι τινα to have regard for one, cherish, pay attention to: 1 Thess 5:12 (the Sept. Gen 39:6 for יָדַע ). (Synonym: see γινώσκω.)
G1492 — οἶδα
, see εἰδῶ, II., p. 174.