Word

תָּמַם

tâmam · H8552 · Hebrew · 64 occurrences

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Meanings

to be finished, to be spent, to be completed, to be over, to come to an end, to stop

Process by which events reach the stage of completion

Examples
Genesis 47:18 But when that year ended, they came to him the next year and said to him, “We will not hide from my lord the fact that our money is all spent, and the livestock are my lord’s. There is nothing left for my lord except our bodies and our lands.
Leviticus 26:20 ‘Your strength will be consumed uselessly, for your land will not yield its produce and the trees of the land will not yield their fruit.
Deuteronomy 31:24 It came about, when Moses finished writing the words of this Law in a book until they were complete,
to finish, to complete, to stop, to remove

Causative action by which humans or deities cause an event to reach the stage of completion

Examples
2 Samuel 20:18 Then she spoke, saying, “In the past they used to say, ‘They will undoubtedly ask advice at Abel,’ and that is how they ended a dispute.
Psalm 64:6 They devise injustices, saying, “We are ready with a well-conceived plot”; For the inward thought and the heart of a person are deep.
Isaiah 33:1 Woe to you, destroyer, While you were not destroyed; And he who is treacherous, while others did not deal treacherously with him. As soon as you finish destroying, you will be destroyed; As soon as you cease to deal treacherously, others will deal treacherously with you.
to be consumed, to be gone, to be finished

Literally: to be completed; hence: state in which inanimate objects are no longer in existence

Examples
1 Kings 14:10 therefore behold, I am bringing disaster on the house of Jeroboam, and I will eliminate from Jeroboam every male person, both bond and free in Israel, and I will make a clean sweep of the house of Jeroboam, just as one sweeps away dung until it is all gone.
Jeremiah 6:29 The bellows blow fiercely, The lead is consumed by the fire; In vain the refining goes on, But the wicked are not separated.
Jeremiah 36:23 And when Jehudi had read three or four columns, the king cut it with a scribe’s knife and threw it into the fire that was in the brazier, until all of the scroll was consumed in the fire that was in the brazier.
to be finished, to be spent

Literally: to be completed; hence: state in which humans and money are no longer available for a particular purpose

Examples
Genesis 47:15 When the money was all spent in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came to Joseph saying, “Give us food, for why should we die in your presence? For our money is gone.”
Genesis 47:18 But when that year ended, they came to him the next year and said to him, “We will not hide from my lord the fact that our money is all spent, and the livestock are my lord’s. There is nothing left for my lord except our bodies and our lands.
1 Samuel 16:11 Then Samuel said to Jesse, “Are these all the boys?” And he said, “The youngest is still left, but behold, he is tending the sheep.” So Samuel said to Jesse, “Send word and bring him; for we will not take our places at the table until he comes here.”
to die, to perish

Literally: to be finished; hence: process by which groups cease existing as living human beings, which is usually associated with punishment from God

Examples
Deuteronomy 2:14 “Now the time that it took for us to come from Kadesh-barnea until we crossed over the Wadi Zered was thirty-eight years, until all the generation of the men of war perished from within the camp, just as the LORD had sworn to them.
Deuteronomy 2:15 “Indeed, the hand of the LORD was against them, to destroy them from within the camp until they all perished.
Deuteronomy 2:16 “So it came about, when all the men of war had finally perished from among the people,
to cause to die, to cause to perish

Literally: to finish; hence: causative action by which deities cause humans to cease existing as living human beings

Examples
Jeremiah 27:8 ‘And it will be that the nation or the kingdom which will not serve him, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and will not put its neck under the yoke of the king of Babylon, I will punish that nation with the sword, with famine, and with plague,’ declares the LORD, ‘until I have eliminated it by his hand.
to act with integrity

Literally: to make (one's) ways complete; hence: action by which humans act in a way that is morally blameless, with profound moral uprightness and integrity

Examples
Job 22:3 “Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous, Or gain if you make your ways blameless?
to be blameless

Literally: to be complete; hence: state in which humans are not held responsible for actions committed in the past

Examples
Psalm 19:13 Also keep Your servant back from presumptuous sins; Let them not rule over me; Then I will be innocent, And I will be blameless of great wrongdoing.
to act with integrity

Literally: to act with completeness; hence: action by which deities act in a way that is morally blameless, with profound moral uprightness and integrity

Examples
2 Samuel 22:26 “With the one who is faithful You show Yourself faithful, With the blameless one You prove Yourself blameless;
Psalm 18:25 With the faithful You show Yourself faithful; With the blameless You prove Yourself blameless;
all

Process by which an event is performed or undergone by all participants

Examples
Numbers 14:33 ‘Also, your sons will be shepherds in the wilderness for forty years, and they will suffer for your unfaithfulness, until your bodies perish in the wilderness.
Numbers 17:13 “Everyone who comes near, who comes near to the tabernacle of the LORD, must die. Are we to perish completely?”
Joshua 3:16 then the waters which were flowing down from above stood and rose up in one heap, a great distance away at Adam, the city that is beside Zarethan; and those which were flowing down toward the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, were completely cut off. So the people crossed opposite Jericho.
all

Causative action by which humans cause an event to be undergone by all participants

Examples
2 Kings 22:4 “Go up to Hilkiah the high priest, and have him count all the money brought into the house of the LORD, which the doorkeepers have collected from the people.

How it’s used In 6 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

64 occurrences in 38 groups

םthey 6
Not stated: they 5
גּוֹיnation, people 4
שָׁנֶהyear 4
Not stated: we 3
Not stated: you (one person) 3
Other words · 32 groups that occur once or twice (39) 39

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

8 occurrences in 8 groups

בָּשָׂרflesh 1
דֶּרֶךְway, road 1
חַטָּאָהsin, sin offering 1
חֵפֶשׂplan 1
טֻמְאָהuncleanness 1
כֶּסֶףsilver 1

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

22 occurrences in 18 groups

לto/for+ עָבַרto pass 4
Other words · 17 groups that occur once or twice (20) 20

With adverbsAdverbs

5 occurrences in 3 groups

לֹאnot 3
אָזat that time 1
כֵּןthus 1

What it is said to bePredicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

בֶּצַעprofit 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

23 occurrences in 2 groups

עַדto, as far as, until 17
כlike/as 6

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 4 words

גָּמַר gâmar · H1584 · to disappear, to vanish, to come to an end: Both verbs denote coming to completion or cessation: גָּמַר (gâmar, H1584) means to cease, come to an end, fail, perfect or perform, and תָּמַם (tâmam, H8552) means to accomplish, cease, come to an end or fail. They are distinct words occupying overlapping semantic range.
כָּלָה kâlâh · H3615 · to be finished, to be completed, to come to an end: Both words share strong overlap in the sense of completion, cessation and ending, both conveying "to bring to an end, finish, accomplish, cease".
כָּלַל kâlal · H3634 · to be finished, to finish: Both words denote bringing something to completion or a finished state: כָּלַל (kâlal, H3634) "(make) perfect" and תָּמַם (tâmam, H8552) with its primary senses "accomplish, have done, make an end", and they are substitutable in context.
נָלָה nâlâh · H5239 · to finish: נָלָה (nâlâh, H5239) (1×) is rare and narrow, denoting completion/ending; תָּמַם (tâmam, H8552) (64×) is frequent and polysemous, covering completion, cessation, consumption, and exhaustion across five domains (Complete, Non-Exist, Dead, Innocent, Quantity).

In the other Testament 1 word

ἐκλείπω ekleípō · G1587 · to give out, to fail, to depart out of: Greek ἐκλείπω emphasizes the cessation or failure aspect through omission/leaving off, while Hebrew תָּמַם centers on completion/accomplishment that results in ending or being consumed; both converge on the state of coming to an end or ceasing, making them genuine cross-linguistic equivalents across their overlapping cessation semantics.

Semantic domains 5 entries

Complete002001003003: This verb denotes a period reaching its full completion, as in Leviticus 25:29's ruling that a house's redemption right remains valid until a full year after its sale.
Non-Exist002002002006: The verb also denotes something being entirely used up, as in Leviticus 26:20's warning that Israel's strength will be consumed to no purpose if the land yields no produce.
Dead002001001018: The verb also denotes life coming to its end, as in Numbers 14:33's sentence that the generation of the wilderness would perish there over forty years.
Innocent002003003015: This domain reflects a further sense of moral blamelessness, the same sense already carried by this verb's own cognates תָּמִים, תֹּם, and תָּם, rather than being illustrated by the citations sampled here.
Quantity002001001046: The verb also denotes an entire amount being exhausted, as in Genesis 47:15's account of all the money in Egypt and Canaan being spent.

Word family 6 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

תָּמַםtâmam · H8552תָּמִים tâmîym · H8549 · whole, complete, full · 91×תֹּם tôm · H8537 · integrity, blamelessness, in full measure · 23×תָּם tâm · H8535 · joined, perfect · 15×תֻּמָּה tummâh · H8538 · integrity, blamelessness · 5×מְתֹם mᵉthôm · H4974 · sound spot · 4×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8552. tamam [תָּמַם], תַּם verb be complete, finished (Arabic id., Phoenician תם, Syriac…

H8552. tamam
[תָּמַם], תַּם verb be complete, finished (Arabic id., Phoenician תם, Syriac derived species and derivatives; compare Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (rare), Aramaic תְּמִימָא, perfect); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular תַּם Gen 47:18 Gen 47:3t. (+ Qr תַּם מֵאֵשׁ֯ Jer 6:29); 3plural תַּמּוּ Deu 2:16 +; תָּ֑מּוּ 2Ki 7:13; 2Ki 7:1plural תַּמְנוּ (Ges§ 67dd) Numbers 17:28; Psa 64:7; תָּ֑מְנוּ Jer 44:18; (Lam 3:22 read ᵑ6 ᵑ7 תַּמּוּ Ew Löhr Bu); Imperfect3masculine singular יִתֹּם (Ges§ 67g) Gen 47:15; Eze 47:12; Eze 47:3feminine singular תִתֻּם Eze 24:11 (Ges§ 67q; strike out Co), תִּתֹּם Gen 47:18; 1Ki 7:22; 1Ki 7:1singular אֵיתָ֑ם Psa 19:14; Psa 19:3masculine plural יִתַּ֫מּוּ Num 14:35 +, וַיִּתְּמוּ Deu 34:8; Infinitive construct תֹּם Lev 25:29 Lev 25:10t.; תָּםֿ Isa 18:5; suffix תֻּתִּי Jer 27:8 Jer 27:7t. suffix; —
1 be finished, completed; the writing of words Deu 31:24, Deu 31:30 (see Dr.; J), Job 31:40; building of temple 1Ki 6:22, compare 1Ki 7:22; fulfilled, ׳י's command (by obedience) Jos 4:10 (E); as auxil. + finite verb = completely, wholly, entirely, נִבְתָ֑וּ תַּמּוּ Jos 3:16 (E) were wholly cut off; תַמּוּ סָפוּ Psa 73:19 entirely consumed; followed by ל infinitive: לעבור תַּמּוּ were finished in regard to, etc., i.e. were entirely passed over Jos 3:17; Jos 4:1, Jos 4:11 (JE) 2Sa 15:24; לחמּול Jos 5:8 (E) entirely circumcised, Numbers 17:28.
2 be finished, come to an end, cease: the year, Gen 47:18 (J), Lev 25:29 (P), Jer 1:3; the years of ׳י have no end Psa 102:28; days of weeping Deu 34:8 (P), compare Lam 4:22; also Isa 18:5; Lam 3:22.
3 be complete, of number, 1Sa 16:11.
4 be consumed, exhausted, spent: silver Gen 47:15, Gen 47:18 (J); strength Lev 26:20 (H); lead Jer 6:29 (Qr); bread Jer 37:21; fruit Eze 47:12; rust Eze 24:11.
5 be finished, consumed, destroyed: people Num 14:33 (J), Num 14:35; Numbers 17:28 (P; || מות). Num 32:13 (J), Jos 8:24; Jos 10:20 (JE), Deu 2:14-15, Deu 2:16; Jos 5:6 (D), 1Ki 14:10; 2Ki 7:13; Isa 16:4; Jer 14:15; Jer 24:10; Jer 27:8; Jer 36:23; Jer 44:12 (twice in verse); Jer 44:18, Jer 44:27; Psa 9:7 (but read דַּמּוּ), Psa 104:35.
6 be complete, sound, unimpaired, ethically, Psa 19:14 (|| נִקָּה; late).
7 twice, very strangely, si vera 1., transitive: Psa 64:7 תמנו we have completed (read probably הֲתִמֹּנוּ); Jer 27:8 בְּיָדוֺ אֹתָם עַדתֻּֿמֹּי (read with Gr תִּתִּי).
Hiph`il Perfect1singular הֲתִמֹּ֫תִי Eze 22:15; Eze 22:3masculine plural הֵחַמּ֫וּ 2Sa 20:18; Imperfect יַתֵּם 2Ki 22:4; 2Ki 22:2masculine singular תַּתֵּם Job 22:3 (Ges§ 67y); Infinitive absolute הָחֵם Eze 24:10; construct, id., Dan 8:23 + Dan 9:24 Qr (see Dr.); suffix הֲִתמְךְ (Ges§ 67v) Isa 33:1; —
1 finish, complete, perfect, a matter 2Sa 20:18 (but
Qal, come to an end, with ה interrogative, We Dr and others); flesh in cooking Eze 24:10.
2 finish, cease doing a thing, followed by participle (Ges§ 120b), שׁוֺדֵד Isa 33:1.
3 complete, sum up, with accusative money 2Ki 22:4 (other conjectures Klo Gr Gi); transgressions Dan 8:23; sin Dan 9:24 (Qr; Kt חתם).
4 destroy uncleanness, with מן from, Eze 22:15.
5 causative (of Qal 6): accusative דרכיך Job 22:3 make sound thy ways.
Hithpa`el Imperfect2masculine singular תִּתַּמָּם 2Sa 22:26, with עִם deal in integrity with = Psa 18:26 (late, see Qal 6).

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 5 entries

Dead20 occurrences Quantity9 occurrences Complete23 occurrences Non-Exist8 occurrences Innocent4 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0