שָׁתָה
shâthâh · H8354 · Hebrew · 217 occurrences
Meanings
-
to drink
Action by which humans or animals consume water or other liquids
ExamplesGenesis 9:21 He drank some of the wine and became drunk, and uncovered himself inside his tent.
Genesis 24:14 now may it be that the young woman to whom I say, ‘Please let down your jar so that I may drink,’ and who answers, ‘Drink, and I will water your camels also’—may she be the one whom You have appointed for Your servant Isaac; and by this I will know that You have shown kindness to my master.”
Genesis 24:18 And she said, “Drink, my lord”; then she quickly lowered her jar to her hand, and gave him a drink.
-
to drink up, to undergo, to engage in
Literally: to drink (an event); hence: process by which humans get deeply involved in a process or activity, either as perpetrator or as victim
ExamplesJob 6:4 “For the arrows of the Almighty are within me, My spirit drinks their poison; The terrors of God line up against me.
Job 15:16 How much less one who is detestable and corrupt: A person who drinks malice like water!
Job 21:20 “Let his own eyes see his destruction, And let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty.
-
to participate in a feast
Literally: to drink; hence: action by which humans participate in a feast, which usually includes the consumption of alcoholic beverages
ExamplesEsther 7:1 Now the king and Haman came to drink wine with Esther the queen.
How it’s used In 13 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
206 occurrences in 35 groups
- Not stated (infinitive) 44
- Not stated: he, she or it 32
- Not stated: they 27
- Not stated: you (one person) 25
- Not stated: you (more than one) 18
- Not stated: I 15
- Other words · 23 groups that occur once or twice (26) 26
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
98 occurrences in 23 groups
- מַיִםwater 37
- יַיִןwine 29
- דָּםblood 7
- שֵׁכָרdate-wine 6
- הֶםthem 4
- כּוֹסcup 3
- Other words · 17 groups that occur once or twice (19) 19
Second objectAs in “call him Lord”
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- חֶמֶר(fermenting) wine 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
53 occurrences in 45 groups
- מִןfrom+ נַחַלstream, valley, wadi 3
- בin/on/with+ מָקוֹםplace 3
- Other words · 43 groups that occur once or twice (51) 51
With adverbsAdverbs
36 occurrences in 6 groups
- לֹאnot 25
- אַלnot, do not 7
- שָׁםthere 2
- בַּלnot 1
- אַחַרafter, behind 1
- תָּמִידalways 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
5 occurrences in 4 groups
- מַיִםwater 2
- יַיִןwine 1
- שֵׁכָרdate-wine 1
- וֹhim 1
Named alongside itApposition
1 occurrences in 3 groups
- טוֹבgood 1
- מִבְחָרchoice 1
- עֵץtree, wood 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- עָמַדto stand 1
What is done to itIt is the object
7 occurrences in 4 groups
- אָמַרto say 4
- דָבַרto speak, to say 1
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
- טָעַםto taste, to eat 1
What it is said to bePredicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- אַלnot, do not 1
- מְעַטfew 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
4 occurrences in 4 groups
- דָּבָרword, thing, matter 1
- זֶהthis 1
- יַיִןwine 1
- אַתָּהyou 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
26 occurrences in 2 groups
- לto/for 26
- כlike/as 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- נְגִינָהstringed instrument 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- πίνω pínō · G4095 · to drink, drinking, to absorb
- Greek πίνω (pínō, G4095) serves as the direct lexical equivalent of Hebrew שָׁתָה (shâthâh, H8354) across the semantic range of drinking, both denote the act of imbibing liquids in literal and figurative registers.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Ingest002001001025
- This verb denotes drinking, as in Genesis 9:21's account of Noah drinking wine and becoming drunk, and Genesis 24:18's account of Rebekah offering Abraham's servant a drink.
- Engage002003003011
- שָׁתָה (shâthâh, H8354) means "to drink." The quotation "the woman took the child and nursed him... eat and drink" -- as in the quotation "Then he gave them a feast, and they ate and drank" at Genesis 26:30 -- shows this sense, which does not independently attest the "Engage" domain; that classification is bundle-shared with שְׁתָה (shᵉthâh, H8355) in the source data and is not confirmed by this lexeme's own occurrences.
- Festivals002002002011
- שָׁתָה (shâthâh, H8354) means "to drink." The quotation "the woman took the child and nursed him... eat and drink" -- as in the quotation "Then he gave them a feast, and they ate and drank" at Genesis 26:30 -- shows this sense, which does not independently attest the "Festivals" domain; that classification is bundle-shared with שְׁתָה (shᵉthâh, H8355) in the source data and is not confirmed by this lexeme's own occurrences.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8354. shathah I. שָׁתָה217 verb drink (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian šatû, Ethiopic Old…
I. שָׁתָה217 verb drink (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian šatû, Ethiopic Old Aramaic שתה, Aramaic אִשְׁתִּי שְׁתָא,, [], ; Sabean שתי DHMZMG xxxvii (1883), 403 HomChr 124); —
Qal216 Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ Exo 34:28 +, 1 singular שָׁתִ֫יתִי 1Sa 1:15 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁתֶּה Gen 44:5 +, וַיִּשְׁתֶּה 1Ki 19:8, usually וַיֵּשְׁתְּ Gen 9:21+; jussive וְיֵשְׁתְּ 1Ki 13:18; 1Ki 13:3feminine singular וַתֵּשְׁתְּ Num 20:11; Num 20:2masculine singular with apocope תֵּשְׁתְּ Jdg 13:14 +, וַתֵּשְׁתְּ 1Ki 13:22; 1Ki 13:1singular וָאֵשְׁתְּ Gen 24:46; Gen 24:3masculine plural יִשְׁתָּי֑וּן Psa 78:44, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁתֵה Gen 24:14 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁתֹה Isa 21:5; Jer 49:12 (in 1Sa 1:9 after preposition, anomalous, Ges§ 113e, omitted by ᵐ5 Th We Dr and modern), שָׁתוֺ Jer 25:28 +, שָׁתוֺת Isa 22:13 (Ges§ 75n); construct תְוֺ Pro 31:4, שְׁתוֺת Jer 35:8, Jer 35:14, לִשְׁתּתֹ Gen 24:19 +, suffix שְׁתוֺתוֺ 1Ki 13:33, לִשְׁתּוֺתָהּ Isa 51:22 etc.; Participle active שֹׁתֶה Isa 29:8 +, feminine שֹׁתָה Job 6:4, etc.; —
1. a. of man: drink, water, wine, etc., Exo 34:28 (JE), compare Exo 15:24 (J), 1Sa 30:12; Amo 2:8; Amo 4:8; Amo 5:11; Isa 5:22; Isa 62:8-9, Pro 31:4; Jdg 13:4, Jdg 13:7, Jdg 13:14 + often (2 t. J E; 6 t. D); by measure (short allowance) Eze 4:11, Eze 4:16; milk Eze 25:4, compare Son 5:1; blood 1Ch 11:19 (figurative of water gained by hazard); figurative רוּחִי שֹׁתָה חֲמָתָם Job 6:4 whose venom [of arrows of ׳י] my spirit drinks up; accusative + מִן of source Exo 7:18 (J), Exo 7:21 (E), Exo 15:23 (J), Pro 5:15 (figurative); accusative (of wine, water, etc.) omitted Gen 24:14 (twice in verse); Gen 27:25; Gen 43:34 (all J) + 11 t. J, Exo 7:24; Exo 17:6 (E), Num 20:5 (JE), Num 20:11; Num 33:14 (P), Jdg 15:19 + often; accusative שׁין 2Ki 18:27 = Isa 36:12; מַמְתַקִּים Neh 8:10; absolute Ecc 2:24 +; + מִן of source 1Ki 17:4, 1Ki 17:6; Psa 110:7, מִכֹּסוֺ 2Sa 12:3; ׳שׁ יַיִן בְּמִזְרְקֵי Amo 6:6, compare Gen 44:5; ׳שׁ בְּיַיִן Pro 9:5;
c. מִן partitive Gen 9:21; Exo 7:24; Rth 2:9, also (figurative) Jer 51:7 (and Job 21:20 infra).
b. participle as substantive מַיִם שֹׁתֵי Eze 31:14, Eze 31:16, יַיִן שֹׁתֵי Joe 1:5; שֵׁכָר שׁוֺתֵי Psa 69:13.
c. drink wine in sacrificial feast Deu 32:38 (poem); blood of sacrificial victim Psa 50:13 (figurative of ׳י).
d. subject animals Num 20:19; Jon 3:7 (both + men), also (figurative) Eze 34:18-19, accusative (water) omitted Gen 24:19, Gen 24:22; Gen 30:38 (twice in verse).
e. figurative of drinking cup of ׳יs wrath, חֲמָתוֺ ׳שׁ אֶתאכּוֺס Isa 51:17 (+ י ׳מִיַּד), compare Isa 51:17, Isa 51:22, see also Eze 23:32, Eze 23:34 and (accusative omitted) Jer 25:16, Jer 25:26, Jer 25:27 Jer 25:8t. Jeremiah; Hab 2:16; absolute Obadiah 16 (3 t. in verse); accusative שְׁמָרִים Psa 75:9; ׳שׁ שַׁדַּי מֵחֲמַת Job 21:20.
f. drink blood, figurative of slaughter, Num 23:24 (J E; of lion, metaphor of Israel), Zec 9:15 (read דָּמָם for ᵐ5 הָמוּManuscripts Sta Now Marti); so (blood of ׳יs sacrifice) Eze 39:17-18, Eze 39:19.
g. figurative of wicked deeds: יִשְׁתּוּ חֲמָסִים יֵין Pro 4:17 (|| רֶשַׁע לֶחֶם לָֽחֲמוּ; these are their food and drink), compare Job 15:16; Job 34:7, but Pro 26:6 apparently = suffers violence (compare De Toy).
2 late, = feast Est 3:15; Est 7:1 (compare מִשְׁתֶּה).
Niph`al Imperfect3masculine singular יִשָּׁתֶה Lev 11:34 (P) all which is (may be) drunk, with ב of vessel. — נִשְׁתָּ֑וָה Pro 27:15 see I. שׁוה near the end For cause, give, to drink see שׁקה.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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