מֲלְאָךְ
mălʼâk · H4397 · Hebrew · 213 occurrences
Meanings
-
messenger, angel
A human or supernatural being who carries a message on behalf of someone else
ExamplesGenesis 16:7 Now the angel of the LORD found her by a spring of water in the wilderness, by the spring on the way to Shur.
Genesis 16:9 So the angel of the LORD said to her, “Return to your mistress, and submit to her authority.”
Genesis 16:10 The angel of the LORD also said to her, “I will greatly multiply your descendants so that they will be too many to count.”
How it’s used In 10 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
99 occurrences in 16 groups
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 58
- אֱלֹהִיםGod, gods 13
- הוּhis 11
- יmy 4
- Other words · 12 groups that occur once or twice (13) 13
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
29 occurrences in 16 groups
- דָבַרto speak, to say 11
- שָׁלַחto send, to send away 3
- Other words · 14 groups that occur once or twice (16) 16
Named alongside itApposition
7 occurrences in 7 groups
- הָלַךְto go, to walk 1
- זֶהthis 1
- חַגַּיHaggai 1
- לוּץinsolent person 1
- מַשְׁחִיתdestruction 1
- עָמַדto stand 1
What it doesIt is the subject
91 occurrences in 31 groups
- אָמַרto say 15
- בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 12
- דָבַרto speak, to say 6
- יָצָאto go out 6
- שׁוּבto return, to turn back 6
- הָלַךְto go, to walk 5
- Other words · 19 groups that occur once or twice (22) 22
What is done to itIt is the object
72 occurrences in 7 groups
- שָׁלַחto send, to send away 56
- רָאָהto see 6
- עָנָהto answer 3
- חָבָאto hide oneself, to hide 2
- יָדַעto know 2
- צָוָהto give orders 2
Second object ofSecond object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- עָשָׂהto do, to make 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- יֵשׁthere is, there are 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
6 occurrences in 3 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 4
- אָדוֹןlord 1
- חֵמָהwrath, fury 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
25 occurrences in 6 groups
- אֵלto, toward 21
- לto/for 10
- כlike/as 5
- בin/on/with 4
- אַחַרafter, behind 2
- עַלon, upon, over, against 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
15 occurrences in 8 groups
- יָדhand, power 6
- פָּנִיםface, presence, before 3
- חׇכְמָהwisdom 1
- חֶרֶבsword 1
- מַרְאֶהappearance, sight, vision 1
- מִשְׁלַחַתdischarge 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἄγγελος ángelos · G32 · messenger, angel
- Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, G32) (literally 'one who brings tidings,' hence 'a messenger,' especially 'an angel,' and by implication 'a pastor') is the standard Septuagint rendering of Hebrew מַלְאָךְ across its full semantic range — divine messengers/angels, human messengers, and prophets functioning as messengers — representing direct translation equivalence.
- מַלְאַךְ malʼak · H4398 · angel
- Aramaic cognate of Hebrew מַלְאָךְ (mălʼâk, H4397), same root denoting messenger/angel; direct cross-linguistic equivalent in Aramaic passages.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Messengers001001003006
- מֲלְאָךְ names a messenger, whether a human envoy or the angel of the LORD sent to deliver a divine message, as throughout its extensive use for both human ambassadors and heavenly messengers.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H4397. malak מַלְאָךְ214 noun masculine messenger; — ׳מ Exo 23:20 48t.; construct…
מַלְאָךְ214 noun masculine messenger; — ׳מ Exo 23:20 48t.; construct מַלְאַךְ Gen 16:7 69t.; suffixes מַלְאָכִי Exo 23:23 Exo 23:3t.; מַלְאָכוֺ Gen 24:7, Gen 24:40; plural מַלְאָכִים Gen 32:4 63t. + מלאכים 2Sa 11:1 Kt ( Qr מלכים); construct מַלְאֲכֵי Gen 28:12 Gen 28:11t.; מַלְאָכֶיךָ Num 24:12; 2Ki 19:23; מַלְאָכֵכֵה Nahum 2:14 error for מַלְאָכֵכִי = מַלְאָכַיְכִי Ges§ 91, (2) Anm. 2 or < for מַלְאָכֵךְ by dittograph from following הוֺי Köii. 1. 571). מַלְאָכָיו2Ch 36:15 2Ch 36:8t.; —
1 messenger,
a. one sent with a message Gen 32:4 Gen 32:8t. J E; Deu 2:26, (not in P); Jdg 6:35 Jdg 6:8t.; 1Sa 6:21 51t. Samuel Kings, 1Ch 14:1; 1Ch 19:2, 1Ch 19:16; 2Ch 18:12; 2Ch 35:21; Neh 6:3; Job 1:14; Pro 13:17; Pro 17:11; Isa 14:32; Isa 18:2; Isa 30:4; Isa 37:9, Isa 37:14; Jer 27:3; Eze 17:15; Eze 23:16, Eze 23:40; Eze 30:9; Nahum 2:14; שׁלום מלאכי, messengers of peace Isa 33:7.
b. a prophet Isa 42:19; Isa 44:26; 2Ch 36:15-16, Hag 1:13; the herald of the advent מלאכי Mal 3:1.
c. priest Mal 2:7, probably Ecc 5:5 (RV angel).
d. || מֵלִיץ Job 33:23, a messenger from God acting as an interpreter and declaring what is right (angel of RV too specific).
e. figurative ׳מ רָעִים messengers of evil Psa 78:49; ׳מ מות messenger of death Pro 16:14; || רוחות winds his messengers Psa 104:4.
2 angel, as messenger of God, מלאכים with God in theophanies Gen 19:1, Gen 19:15; Gen 28:12; Gen 32:2 (JE), praising him; Psa 103:20; Psa 148:2; in his sight not without error Job 4:18 charged with the care of the pious Psa 91:11; elsewhere singular sent to a prophet 1Ki 13:18; 1Ki 19:5, 1Ki 19:7; 2Ki 1:3, 2Ki 1:15; Zec 1:9 Zec 1:18t. in Zechariah 1-6; excellent, wise, powerful 1Sa 29:9; 2Sa 14:17, 2Sa 14:20; 2Sa 19:28; Zec 12:8; encamping about the faithful Psa 34:8; chasing his enemies Psa 35:5; Psa 35:6; destroying by judgment of Yahweh 2Sa 24:16-17, = 1Ch 21:12-30; 2Ki 19:35 = Isa 37:36 2Ch 32:21.
3 the theophanic angel ׳מ ה֯א֠להים in the story of E: Gen 21:17; Gen 31:11; Exo 14:19, also in Jdg 6:20; Jdg 13:6, Jdg 13:9; ׳מ יהוה in the story of J: Gen 16:7, Gen 16:9, Gen 16:10, Gen 16:11; Gen 22:11, Gen 22:15; Exo 3:2; Num 22:22-23, Num 22:24, Num 22:25, Num 22:26, Num 22:27, Num 22:31, Num 22:32, Num 22:34, Num 22:35 and in Jdg 2:1; Jdg 2:4; Jdg 5:23; Jdg 6:11; Jdg 6:12; Jdg 6:21 (twice in verse); Jdg 6:22 (twice in verse); Jdg 13:3, Jdg 13:13, Jdg 13:15, Jdg 13:16 (twice in verse); Jdg 13:17-18, Jdg 13:20 (twice in verse); Jdg 13:21; הַמַּלְאָךְ Gen 48:16 (E); מַלְאָךְ Exo 23:20 (E), Exo 33:2; Num 20:16 (JE), Hos 12:5; מַלְאָכִי Exo 23:23 (E), Exo 32:34 (J); מַלְאָכוֺ Gen 24:7, Gen 24:40 (J), ׳מ פניו Mal 3:1 (referring to the ancient מלאך); ׳מ הכרית Mal 3:1 (referring to the advent of ׳י for judgment, see BrMP 473). The theophanic angel is not mentioned in D and P.
לאך (√ of following; Biblical Hebrew מַלְאָח לאך,).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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