Word
מוּת
mûwth · H4191 · Hebrew · 843 occurrences
Meanings
-
to die, to pass away
Process by which humans or animals stop living, either spontaneously or as a result of an act of aggression
ExamplesGenesis 2:17 but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat, for on the day that you eat from it you will certainly die.”
Genesis 3:3 but from the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden, God has said, ‘You shall not eat from it or touch it, or you will die.’”
-
to cause to die, to kill, to put to death, to finish off
Causative action by which humans, animals, or deities cause (other) humans or animals to stop living
ExamplesGenesis 18:25 “Far be it from You to do such a thing, to kill the righteous with the wicked, so that the righteous and the wicked are treated alike. Far be it from You! Shall not the Judge of all the earth deal justly?”
-
to have a stroke
Literally: (one's) heart dies; hence, possibly: process by which humans suffer from a brain hemorrhage
Examples1 Samuel 25:37 But in the morning, when the wine had gone out of Nabal, his wife told him these things, and his heart died within him so that he became like a stone.
How it’s used In 14 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
711 occurrences in 171 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 187
- Not stated (infinitive) 63
- Not stated: they 50
- Not stated: you (one person) 36
- Not stated: I 24
- Not stated: we 23
- Other words · 133 groups that occur once or twice (164) 164
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
129 occurrences in 40 groups
- וֹhim 47
- נִיme 13
- הֶםthem 10
- ךָּyou 7
- בֵּןson 6
- נוּus 5
- Other words · 30 groups that occur once or twice (34) 34
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
205 occurrences in 122 groups
- בin/on/with+ חֶרֶבsword 11
- בin/on/with+ אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 11
- לto/for+ מָהwhat?, why? 10
- בin/on/with+ יוֹםday, time 8
- בin/on/with+ מִדְבָּרwilderness, desert 8
- בin/on/with+ עָוֺןiniquity 7
- Other words · 100 groups that occur once or twice (120) 120
With adverbsAdverbs
115 occurrences in 10 groups
- לֹאnot 74
- שָׁםthere 27
- אַלnot, do not 5
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
13 occurrences in 6 groups
- ךָyour 5
- יmy 3
- עוֹלָםforever 2
- אָדָםhuman, humankind, human being(s) 1
- מִלְחָמָהwar, battle 1
- הוּhis 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- מוּתto die 2
- יָצָאto go out 1
- אָכַלto eat, to devour 1
Named alongside itApposition
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- בֵּןson 3
- אָחbrother 1
What it doesIt is the subject
13 occurrences in 4 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 6
- מוּתto die 4
- חָיָהto be alive, to become alive, to live 2
- הָלַלto praise 1
What is done to itIt is the object
61 occurrences in 13 groups
- אָמַרto say 17
- רָאָהto see 10
- קָבַרto bury 7
- יָדַעto know 6
- אָכַלto eat, to devour 6
- שָׁמַעto hear, to listen, to obey 6
- Other words · 7 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
Second object ofSecond object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- רָאָהto see 1
What it is said to bePredicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- אַיִןthere is no, not 1
- רַבmany, great 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
6 occurrences in 3 groups
- בֵּןson 4
- עֵתtime, moment, period 1
- נוּour 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
84 occurrences in 10 groups
- לto/for 55
- כlike/as 14
- בin/on/with 10
- אֵלto, toward 7
- עַלon, upon, over, against 5
- Other words · 5 groups that occur once or twice (6) 6
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
10 occurrences in 7 groups
- שֵׁםname 3
- אִשָּׁהwoman, wife 2
- זֶבַחsacrifice 1
- מָוֶתdeath 1
- נֶפֶשׁsoul, life 1
- פָּנִיםface, presence, before 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 8 words
- ἀποθνήσκω apothnḗskō · G599 · to die, death, to face death
- Greek ἀποθνήσκω (apothnḗskō, G599) ('to die') is the standard Septuagint rendering of Hebrew מוּת, both denoting the core concept of dying or death across literal and figurative uses, reflecting systematic translation equivalence.
- θάνατος thánatos · G2288 · to die, death, plague
- θάνατος is the standard Greek noun for death, serving as the direct cross-linguistic equivalent to the Hebrew verbal root מוּת (die/death) across its nominal and verbal forms in death-related contexts.
- θανατόω thanatóō · G2289 · to kill, to execute, to stop completely
- Greek θανατόω specifically denotes the causative act of putting to death or causing death, whereas Hebrew מוּת encompasses the broader semantic range of death itself (the state, the event, and the causative act), making θανατόω a more narrowly causative subset within מוּת's total semantic field.
- θνήσκω thnḗskō · G2348 · to die, death
- Both denote the act of dying or being dead; θνήσκω (thnḗskō, G2348) θνήσκω serves as the standard Greek equivalent for מוּת (mûwth, H4191) מוּת in LXX translation contexts, with θνήσκω emphasizing the process or event of dying while מוּת encompasses both the death event and resultant state (dead body, deceased person).
- ἀναιρέω anairéō · G337 · to kill, to execute, killing
- ἀναιρέω (anairéō, G337) ἀναιρέω specifically denotes violent removal or abolition (including murder/execution), whereas מוּת (mûwth, H4191) מוּת covers the broader semantic field of death in general (natural, commanded, violent); ἀναιρέω (anairéō, G337) represents a marked, violent subset of מוּת (mûwth, H4191)'s death-causation sense.
- νεκρός nekrós · G3498 · lifeless, dead, the dead
- The Greek νεκρός specifically denotes the state of being dead (adjective/noun), while the Hebrew מוּת encompasses both the act of dying (verb) and the resulting dead state, with מוּת being the broader semantic root for death-related concepts across causative, passive, and stative dimensions.
- τελευτάω teleutáō · G5053 · to die
- Greek τελευτάω specifically denotes the completion/ending of life (euphemistic 'expire'), while Hebrew מוּת is the unmarked general term for 'die' across all registers and contexts.
- ἀποκτείνω apokteínō · G615 · to kill, to do away with, to eliminate
- Greek ἀποκτείνω (apokteínō, G615) emphasizes the outright, completed act of killing with stronger focus on violent destruction, whereas Hebrew מוּת (mûwth, H4191) serves as the broader, more general term for death and dying, encompassing natural death, judicial execution, and causative killing across semantic contexts.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Dead002001001018
- מוּת is the ordinary Hebrew verb for dying, as in Genesis 2:17's warning "you will certainly die," and used causatively of killing, putting to death.
- Weak002001001069
- The fact-packet data also assigns the Weak domain, likely reflecting the terminal weakening of life that precedes and accompanies death, though the sampled citations (Genesis 2:17; 3:3–4; 5:5, 8) illustrate the Dead domain directly rather than this associated sense.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H4191. muth מוּת verb die (Late Hebrew id. (rare); Assyrian mâtu DlHWB 395, Arabic ,…
H4191. muth
מוּת verb die (Late Hebrew id. (rare); Assyrian mâtu DlHWB 395, Arabic , Ethiopic , Aramaic מִית מוּת,, ; Nabataean מות EutNab 14, 6; Zinjirli מת DHMSendsch. Glossary); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular מֵת Gen 42:38 +; 3 feminine singular מֵ֫תָה Gen 35:18 +; 2 masculine singular מַתֶּה Eze 28:8; Eze 28:1singular וָמַ֑תִּי Gen 19:19; Gen 19:3masculine plural מֵ֫תוּ Gen 7:22 +; 1 plural מַתְנוּ Num 14:2; 2Ki 7:4; מָ֑תְנוּ Num 14:9 +; Imperfect יָמוּת Gen 38:11 +; יָמֹ֑ת Deu 33:6 +; וַיָּ֫מָת Gen 11:28 +; 1 singular אָמוּת Gen 26:9 +; אָמֻת 2Sa 19:38; אָמוּ֫תָה Gen 46:30; Gen 46:3masculine plural יָמ֫וּתוּ 1Sa 2:23 +; יְמֻתוּן Num 16:29; Num 16:3feminine plural תְּמוּתֶ֫נָה Eze 13:19 (Ges§ 72, 5) +; Imperative מֻת Deu 32:50; Job 2:9; Infinitive absolute מוֺת Gen 2:17 +; construct מוּת Gen 25:32 +; suffix מוּתִי 2Sa 19:1; מֻתָן 2Sa 20:3, etc.; Participle מֵת Gen 20:3 +; suffix מֵתִי Gen 23:4 +; feminine singular מֵתָה Gen 30:1; Zec 11:9; plural מֵתִים Exo 12:33 +; construct מֵתֵי Isa 22:2 +; suffix מֵתֶיךָ Isa 26:19; —
1 die, of natural or other causes:
a. (1) of man, וַיָּמָת וַיִּגְוִע and he expired and died Gen 25:8 ( + טוֺבָה בְּשֵׂיבֶה, see below), Gen 25:17; Gen 35:29 (P); וַיִּקָּבֵר וַיָּמָת Jdg 10:2, Jdg 10:5; Jdg 8:32; Jdg 12:7, Jdg 12:10, Jdg 12:12, Jdg 12:15; 2Sa 17:23; וימת תַּחְתָּיו וימלך and he died and — reigned in his stead Gen 36:33-34, Gen 36:35, Gen 36:36, Gen 36:37, Gen 36:38, Gen 36:39 (P), 2Sa 10:1 = 1Ch 19:1; 2Ki 1:17; 2Ki 8:15; 2Ki 13:24; 1Ch 1:44-45, 1Ch 1:46, 1Ch 1:47, 1Ch 1:48, 1Ch 1:49, 1Ch 1:50; טוֺבָה בְּשֵׂיבָה וימת and he died in a good old age 1Ch 29:28 (+ Gen 25:8, see above); as the result of smiting הכה Exo 21:18, Exo 21:20, Exo 21:22 (E); + במלחמה Deu 20:5-6, Deu 20:7; 2Sa 19:11; בַּחֶרֶב Jer 11:22; ברעב Jer 11:22; הדעב מפני Jer 38:9; בְּדֶבֶר Jer 21:6; באבן Num 35:17, Num 35:23 (P); בַּמַּגֵּפָה Num 14:37; Numbers 17:14; Num 25:9 (P). (2) figurative of wisdom, עִמָּכֶם חָכְמָה תָּמוּת Job 12:22; of courage, בְּקִרְבּוֺ לִבּוֺ וַיָּמָת and his heart died within him 1Sa 25:37. — 2Sa 2:31 strike out מֵ֑תוּ We Dr Kit Bu, compare ᵐ5.
b. of animals Lev 11:39; cattle Gen 33:13 (J), fish Exo 7:18 (E), frogs Exo 8:9 (J), lion Ecc 9:4, worm Isa 66:24; מֵת כֶּלֶב, dead dog (in proverb) 1Sa 24:15; 2Sa 9:8; 2Sa 16:9.
c. a tree Job 14:8.
d. מֵתִים זִבְחֵי Psa 106:28 sacrifices to the dead (idols).
2 die as a penalty = be put to death:
a. by human authority Gen 42:20; Exo 10:28; Exo 21:14 (E), Gen 44:9; Jos 2:14 (J), Lev 20:20 (H), Num 35:12, Num 35:30 (twice in verse) (P), especially D, Deu 17:2, Deu 17:6; Deu 18:20; Deu 19:12; Deu 22:22, Deu 22:25; Deu 24:7; Jdg 6:30; 1Sa 14:43, 1Sa 14:45 (twice in verse); 1Sa 19:24; Jer 38:24; יָּמּוּת מוֺת, die = be put to a violent death ( > AV RV surely die), 1Sa 14:39, 1Sa 14:44; 1Sa 22:16; 1Ki 2:37, 1Ki 2:42 (all Judaic), Jer 26:8, all of capital punishment; 2Ki 8:10 (Ehpraimitic source) cf assassination; יוּמַת מוֺת be put to a violent death, in the codes of Exo 21:12, Exo 21:15, Exo 21:16, Exo 21:17; Exo 22:18 (E), Lev 20:2, Lev 20:9, Lev 20:10, Lev 20:11, Lev 20:12, Lev 20:13, Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16, Lev 20:27; Lev 24:16-17, (H), Exo 31:14-15, Num 15:35; Num 35:16-17, Num 35:18, Num 35:21, Num 35:31; Lev 27:29 (P; never in D; D uses verb, either Qal or Hiph`il, without infinitive absolute); it is used in narratives Gen 26:11 (J), Exo 19:12 (E), Jdg 21:5. ׳מ is preceded by רגם Num 15:36 (P), Deu 21:21; 1Ki 12:18 2Ch 10:18; 1Ki 21:13; סקל Deu 13:11; Deu 17:5; Deu 22:21, Deu 22:24; 1Ki 21:10, 1Ki 21:13, 1Ki 21:14, 1Ki 21:15; פגע 1Ki 2:25, 1Ki 2:46; רמס 2Ki 7:17, 2Ki 7:20; גֹּאֵל בְּיַד Jos 20:9 (P).
b. inflicted by God, Gen 20:3; Genesis 20:19; Jos 10:11 (E), Gen 3:3; Gen 38:11; Exo 11:5; Exo 12:36 (J), Exo 28:35; Exo 30:20 (twice in verse); Lev 8:35; Lev 10:2, Lev 10:6, Lev 10:7, Lev 10:9; Lev 16:1-2, Lev 16:13; Num 3:4; Num 4:19-20, Num 14:35; Numbers 17:14; Numbers 17:28; Numbers 17:35; Num 18:3; Num 18:32; Num 26:11; Num 26:61 (P), Deu 5:22 (twice in verse); Deu 18:16; Jdg 6:23; 1Sa 5:12; 1Sa 12:19; 1Sa 25:17, 1Sa 25:38, 1Sa 25:39; 2Sa 6:7; 2Sa 12:13; 1Ki 19:4; 2Ki 14:6 2Ch 25:4; 1Ch 24:2; 2Ch 13:20; 2Ki 19:35 = Isa 37:36; Eze 3:20; Eze 18:4, Eze 18:20, Eze 18:21, Eze 18:28; Eze 33:15; יָמוּת מוֺת Gen 2:17; Gen 3:4 (J), Gen 20:7 (E), Jdg 13:21-22, 2Sa 12:14; 2Sa 14:14; 2Ki 1:4, 2Ki 1:6, 2Ki 1:16 (all Judaic), Num 26:65 (P), Eze 3:18; Eze 33:8, Eze 33:14; יוּמַת מוֺת Eze 18:13, יהוה ביד Exo 16:3 (P); בחטא Lev 22:9 (H), Num 27:3 (P), 2Ki 14:6 2Ch 25:4; למות חטא לשׂאת Num 18:22 (P); בחטאת Eze 3:20; Eze 18:24; בטמאה Lev 15:21 (P); ביון Jer 31:30; Eze 3:18-19, Eze 18:17-18, Eze 33:8-9, זמתו עון ישׂאו לא Exo 28:43; Num 4:15 (P); בעול Eze 18:26; Eze 33:13, Eze 33:18; עול על Eze 18:26; במעל 1Ch 10:13.
c. die, perish, of a nation by divine judgment, Moab Amo 2:2, Ephraim Hos 13:1; ישׂראל בית Eze 18:31; Eze 33:1.
d. die prematurely, by neglect of wise moral conduct Pro 5:23; Pro 10:21; Pro 15:10; Pro 19:16; Pro 23:13; EC Pro 7:17. —
Note. On (לַבֵּן) עַלמֿוּת Psa 9:1; Psalm 48:15 see עַלְמָה below II. עלם.
Po`lel. Perfect3masculine singular suffix מוֺתְתַנִי Jer 20:17; Jer 20:1singular מֹתַתִּי 2Sa 1:16; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יְמֹתְתֵהוּ 1Sa 17:51; 1Sa 17:3feminine singular תְּמוֺתֵת Psa 34:22; Psa 34:1singular suffix אֲמֹתְתֵהוּ 2Sa 1:10; Imperative suffix מוֺתְתֵנִי Jdg 9:54; מֹתְתֵנִי 2Sa 1:9; infinitive מוֺתֵת Psa 109:16; Participle מְמוֺתֵת 1Sa 14:13; — kill, put to death, despetch (intensive), absolute 1Sa 14:13, elsewhere with accusative Jdg 9:54; 1Sa 17:51; 2Sa 1:9-10, 2Sa 1:16; Jer 20:17; Psa 34:22; Psa 109:16.
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֵמִית Jdg 16:30 +; suffix וֶהֱמִתָ֑נִי 2Sa 14:32; הֱמִיתָם Jer 41:8; Jer 41:3feminine singular sf . הֱמִיתָ֑תְהוּ2Ch 22:11; 2Ch 22:2 masculine singular הֵמַתָּה Num 14:15; Num 14:1singular suffix הֲמִיתִּיו (read הֲמִתִּיו) 1Sa 17:35; 1Sa 17:3masculine plural הֵמִיתוּ 1Sa 30:2 +, etc.; Imperfect יָמִית Num 35:19 +; וַיָּ֫מֶת Gen 38:10 +; suffix יְמִיתֵהוּ 1Ki 13:24 +; יְמִתֶנּוּ Num 35:19 +; Imperative suffix הֲמִיתֵנִי 1Sa 20:8; plural הָמִיתוּ 1Sa 22:17; Infinitive absolute הָמֵת 2Ki 11:15 +; construct הָמִית Lev 20:4 +; Participle מֵמִית 1Sa 2:6; pl, מְמִיתִים 2Ki 17:26; Job 33:22; מְמִתִים Jer 26:15; — kill, put to death
1 absolute Job 9:23, elsewhere with accusative, subject man,
a. of killing men in personal combat, or in war, often preceded by הכּה smite Jos 10:26; Jos 11:17; Joshua 17:50 +; of destroying a city 2Sa 20:19 (|| השׁחית 2Sa 20:20).
b. by authority, especially in capital punishment Exo 1:16 (E), Lev 20:4 (H), Num 35:19 (twice in verse); Num 35:21 (P), Deu 9:10; Deu 17:7; Jdg 20:13; 1Sa 11:12; 1Sa 28:9; 2Sa 14:7, 2Sa 14:32; 2Sa 21:4; 1Ki 2:26, 1Ki 2:34; 1Ki 11:40; 1Ki 19:17 (twice in verse); 2Ki 14:6 2Ch 25:4; Isa 11:4; Jer 26:15, Jer 26:21, Jer 26:24; Jer 38:15-16, Jer 38:25; Est 4:11; בַּחֶרֶב 1Ki 1:51; 1Ki 2:8; 2Ki 11:20 2Ch 23:21; יָמִית הָמֵת Jdg 15:13; 1Ki 3:26-27, Jer 26:19; Jer 38:15.
2 subject God, by inflicting penalty, absolute Deu 32:39; 1Sa 2:6; 2Ki 5:7, elsewhere with accusative Gen 18:25; Gen 38:7, Gen 38:10; Exo 4:24; Num 14:15 (J), Deu 9:28; Jdg 13:23; 1Sa 2:25; 1Sa 5:10-11, 1Ch 2:3; 1Ch 10:14; Isa 65:15; Hos 9:16; ברעב Isa 14:30; בצמא Hos 2:5; of killing fish Psa 105:29; מְמִיתִים Job 33:22 executioners, angels of death.
3 of animals killing men, e.g. ox Exo 21:29 (E), lion 1Ki 13:24, 1Ki 13:26; 2Ki 17:26.
4 bring to a premature death Pro 19:18; Pro 21:25.
Hoph`al Perfect הוּמָ֑ת 2Ki 11:2 +; 3 masculine plural הֻמְתוּ 2Sa 21:9; Imperfect יוּמַת Lev 20:10 +; יוּמָ֑ת Gen 26:11 +; Participle מוּמָת 1Sa 19:11, plural מוּמָתִים 2Ki 11:2 (Qr), 2Ch 22:11; — be killed, put to death:
1 by conspiracy 2Ki 11:2 (twice in verse) = 2Ch 22:11; 2Ki 11:8, 2Ki 11:15, 2Ki 11:16; 2Ch 23:7, 2Ch 23:14.
2 by capital punishment Exo 21:29 (E), Exo 35:2; Num 1:15; Num 3:10, Num 3:38; Num 18:7 (P), Lev 19:20; Lev 24:16, Lev 24:21 (H), Deu 13:6; Deu 17:6 (twice in verse); Deu 21:22; Deu 24:16 (3 t. in verse) = 2Ki 14:6 (twice in verse), Jos 1:18 (all D) Jdg 6:31; 1Sa 11:13; 1Sa 19:6, 1Sa 19:11; 1Sa 20:32; 2Sa 19:22; 2Sa 19:23; 2Sa 21:9; 1Ki 2:24; 2Ch 15:13; Jer 38:4, and the phrase יוּמת מוֺת (see Qal 2a).
3 by divine infliction, in the phrase יוּמת מות (see Qal 2b).
4 die prematurely Pro 19:16.
מוֺת noun [masculine] death (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew); — absolute Ezr 7:26.
מָזוֺן see זון.
מוּת verb die (Late Hebrew id. (rare); Assyrian mâtu DlHWB 395, Arabic , Ethiopic , Aramaic מִית מוּת,, ; Nabataean מות EutNab 14, 6; Zinjirli מת DHMSendsch. Glossary); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular מֵת Gen 42:38 +; 3 feminine singular מֵ֫תָה Gen 35:18 +; 2 masculine singular מַתֶּה Eze 28:8; Eze 28:1singular וָמַ֑תִּי Gen 19:19; Gen 19:3masculine plural מֵ֫תוּ Gen 7:22 +; 1 plural מַתְנוּ Num 14:2; 2Ki 7:4; מָ֑תְנוּ Num 14:9 +; Imperfect יָמוּת Gen 38:11 +; יָמֹ֑ת Deu 33:6 +; וַיָּ֫מָת Gen 11:28 +; 1 singular אָמוּת Gen 26:9 +; אָמֻת 2Sa 19:38; אָמוּ֫תָה Gen 46:30; Gen 46:3masculine plural יָמ֫וּתוּ 1Sa 2:23 +; יְמֻתוּן Num 16:29; Num 16:3feminine plural תְּמוּתֶ֫נָה Eze 13:19 (Ges§ 72, 5) +; Imperative מֻת Deu 32:50; Job 2:9; Infinitive absolute מוֺת Gen 2:17 +; construct מוּת Gen 25:32 +; suffix מוּתִי 2Sa 19:1; מֻתָן 2Sa 20:3, etc.; Participle מֵת Gen 20:3 +; suffix מֵתִי Gen 23:4 +; feminine singular מֵתָה Gen 30:1; Zec 11:9; plural מֵתִים Exo 12:33 +; construct מֵתֵי Isa 22:2 +; suffix מֵתֶיךָ Isa 26:19; —
1 die, of natural or other causes:
a. (1) of man, וַיָּמָת וַיִּגְוִע and he expired and died Gen 25:8 ( + טוֺבָה בְּשֵׂיבֶה, see below), Gen 25:17; Gen 35:29 (P); וַיִּקָּבֵר וַיָּמָת Jdg 10:2, Jdg 10:5; Jdg 8:32; Jdg 12:7, Jdg 12:10, Jdg 12:12, Jdg 12:15; 2Sa 17:23; וימת תַּחְתָּיו וימלך and he died and — reigned in his stead Gen 36:33-34, Gen 36:35, Gen 36:36, Gen 36:37, Gen 36:38, Gen 36:39 (P), 2Sa 10:1 = 1Ch 19:1; 2Ki 1:17; 2Ki 8:15; 2Ki 13:24; 1Ch 1:44-45, 1Ch 1:46, 1Ch 1:47, 1Ch 1:48, 1Ch 1:49, 1Ch 1:50; טוֺבָה בְּשֵׂיבָה וימת and he died in a good old age 1Ch 29:28 (+ Gen 25:8, see above); as the result of smiting הכה Exo 21:18, Exo 21:20, Exo 21:22 (E); + במלחמה Deu 20:5-6, Deu 20:7; 2Sa 19:11; בַּחֶרֶב Jer 11:22; ברעב Jer 11:22; הדעב מפני Jer 38:9; בְּדֶבֶר Jer 21:6; באבן Num 35:17, Num 35:23 (P); בַּמַּגֵּפָה Num 14:37; Numbers 17:14; Num 25:9 (P). (2) figurative of wisdom, עִמָּכֶם חָכְמָה תָּמוּת Job 12:22; of courage, בְּקִרְבּוֺ לִבּוֺ וַיָּמָת and his heart died within him 1Sa 25:37. — 2Sa 2:31 strike out מֵ֑תוּ We Dr Kit Bu, compare ᵐ5.
b. of animals Lev 11:39; cattle Gen 33:13 (J), fish Exo 7:18 (E), frogs Exo 8:9 (J), lion Ecc 9:4, worm Isa 66:24; מֵת כֶּלֶב, dead dog (in proverb) 1Sa 24:15; 2Sa 9:8; 2Sa 16:9.
c. a tree Job 14:8.
d. מֵתִים זִבְחֵי Psa 106:28 sacrifices to the dead (idols).
2 die as a penalty = be put to death:
a. by human authority Gen 42:20; Exo 10:28; Exo 21:14 (E), Gen 44:9; Jos 2:14 (J), Lev 20:20 (H), Num 35:12, Num 35:30 (twice in verse) (P), especially D, Deu 17:2, Deu 17:6; Deu 18:20; Deu 19:12; Deu 22:22, Deu 22:25; Deu 24:7; Jdg 6:30; 1Sa 14:43, 1Sa 14:45 (twice in verse); 1Sa 19:24; Jer 38:24; יָּמּוּת מוֺת, die = be put to a violent death ( > AV RV surely die), 1Sa 14:39, 1Sa 14:44; 1Sa 22:16; 1Ki 2:37, 1Ki 2:42 (all Judaic), Jer 26:8, all of capital punishment; 2Ki 8:10 (Ehpraimitic source) cf assassination; יוּמַת מוֺת be put to a violent death, in the codes of Exo 21:12, Exo 21:15, Exo 21:16, Exo 21:17; Exo 22:18 (E), Lev 20:2, Lev 20:9, Lev 20:10, Lev 20:11, Lev 20:12, Lev 20:13, Lev 20:15, Lev 20:16, Lev 20:27; Lev 24:16-17, (H), Exo 31:14-15, Num 15:35; Num 35:16-17, Num 35:18, Num 35:21, Num 35:31; Lev 27:29 (P; never in D; D uses verb, either Qal or Hiph`il, without infinitive absolute); it is used in narratives Gen 26:11 (J), Exo 19:12 (E), Jdg 21:5. ׳מ is preceded by רגם Num 15:36 (P), Deu 21:21; 1Ki 12:18 2Ch 10:18; 1Ki 21:13; סקל Deu 13:11; Deu 17:5; Deu 22:21, Deu 22:24; 1Ki 21:10, 1Ki 21:13, 1Ki 21:14, 1Ki 21:15; פגע 1Ki 2:25, 1Ki 2:46; רמס 2Ki 7:17, 2Ki 7:20; גֹּאֵל בְּיַד Jos 20:9 (P).
b. inflicted by God, Gen 20:3; Genesis 20:19; Jos 10:11 (E), Gen 3:3; Gen 38:11; Exo 11:5; Exo 12:36 (J), Exo 28:35; Exo 30:20 (twice in verse); Lev 8:35; Lev 10:2, Lev 10:6, Lev 10:7, Lev 10:9; Lev 16:1-2, Lev 16:13; Num 3:4; Num 4:19-20, Num 14:35; Numbers 17:14; Numbers 17:28; Numbers 17:35; Num 18:3; Num 18:32; Num 26:11; Num 26:61 (P), Deu 5:22 (twice in verse); Deu 18:16; Jdg 6:23; 1Sa 5:12; 1Sa 12:19; 1Sa 25:17, 1Sa 25:38, 1Sa 25:39; 2Sa 6:7; 2Sa 12:13; 1Ki 19:4; 2Ki 14:6 2Ch 25:4; 1Ch 24:2; 2Ch 13:20; 2Ki 19:35 = Isa 37:36; Eze 3:20; Eze 18:4, Eze 18:20, Eze 18:21, Eze 18:28; Eze 33:15; יָמוּת מוֺת Gen 2:17; Gen 3:4 (J), Gen 20:7 (E), Jdg 13:21-22, 2Sa 12:14; 2Sa 14:14; 2Ki 1:4, 2Ki 1:6, 2Ki 1:16 (all Judaic), Num 26:65 (P), Eze 3:18; Eze 33:8, Eze 33:14; יוּמַת מוֺת Eze 18:13, יהוה ביד Exo 16:3 (P); בחטא Lev 22:9 (H), Num 27:3 (P), 2Ki 14:6 2Ch 25:4; למות חטא לשׂאת Num 18:22 (P); בחטאת Eze 3:20; Eze 18:24; בטמאה Lev 15:21 (P); ביון Jer 31:30; Eze 3:18-19, Eze 18:17-18, Eze 33:8-9, זמתו עון ישׂאו לא Exo 28:43; Num 4:15 (P); בעול Eze 18:26; Eze 33:13, Eze 33:18; עול על Eze 18:26; במעל 1Ch 10:13.
c. die, perish, of a nation by divine judgment, Moab Amo 2:2, Ephraim Hos 13:1; ישׂראל בית Eze 18:31; Eze 33:1.
d. die prematurely, by neglect of wise moral conduct Pro 5:23; Pro 10:21; Pro 15:10; Pro 19:16; Pro 23:13; EC Pro 7:17. —
Note. On (לַבֵּן) עַלמֿוּת Psa 9:1; Psalm 48:15 see עַלְמָה below II. עלם.
Po`lel. Perfect3masculine singular suffix מוֺתְתַנִי Jer 20:17; Jer 20:1singular מֹתַתִּי 2Sa 1:16; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יְמֹתְתֵהוּ 1Sa 17:51; 1Sa 17:3feminine singular תְּמוֺתֵת Psa 34:22; Psa 34:1singular suffix אֲמֹתְתֵהוּ 2Sa 1:10; Imperative suffix מוֺתְתֵנִי Jdg 9:54; מֹתְתֵנִי 2Sa 1:9; infinitive מוֺתֵת Psa 109:16; Participle מְמוֺתֵת 1Sa 14:13; — kill, put to death, despetch (intensive), absolute 1Sa 14:13, elsewhere with accusative Jdg 9:54; 1Sa 17:51; 2Sa 1:9-10, 2Sa 1:16; Jer 20:17; Psa 34:22; Psa 109:16.
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הֵמִית Jdg 16:30 +; suffix וֶהֱמִתָ֑נִי 2Sa 14:32; הֱמִיתָם Jer 41:8; Jer 41:3feminine singular sf . הֱמִיתָ֑תְהוּ2Ch 22:11; 2Ch 22:2 masculine singular הֵמַתָּה Num 14:15; Num 14:1singular suffix הֲמִיתִּיו (read הֲמִתִּיו) 1Sa 17:35; 1Sa 17:3masculine plural הֵמִיתוּ 1Sa 30:2 +, etc.; Imperfect יָמִית Num 35:19 +; וַיָּ֫מֶת Gen 38:10 +; suffix יְמִיתֵהוּ 1Ki 13:24 +; יְמִתֶנּוּ Num 35:19 +; Imperative suffix הֲמִיתֵנִי 1Sa 20:8; plural הָמִיתוּ 1Sa 22:17; Infinitive absolute הָמֵת 2Ki 11:15 +; construct הָמִית Lev 20:4 +; Participle מֵמִית 1Sa 2:6; pl, מְמִיתִים 2Ki 17:26; Job 33:22; מְמִתִים Jer 26:15; — kill, put to death
1 absolute Job 9:23, elsewhere with accusative, subject man,
a. of killing men in personal combat, or in war, often preceded by הכּה smite Jos 10:26; Jos 11:17; Joshua 17:50 +; of destroying a city 2Sa 20:19 (|| השׁחית 2Sa 20:20).
b. by authority, especially in capital punishment Exo 1:16 (E), Lev 20:4 (H), Num 35:19 (twice in verse); Num 35:21 (P), Deu 9:10; Deu 17:7; Jdg 20:13; 1Sa 11:12; 1Sa 28:9; 2Sa 14:7, 2Sa 14:32; 2Sa 21:4; 1Ki 2:26, 1Ki 2:34; 1Ki 11:40; 1Ki 19:17 (twice in verse); 2Ki 14:6 2Ch 25:4; Isa 11:4; Jer 26:15, Jer 26:21, Jer 26:24; Jer 38:15-16, Jer 38:25; Est 4:11; בַּחֶרֶב 1Ki 1:51; 1Ki 2:8; 2Ki 11:20 2Ch 23:21; יָמִית הָמֵת Jdg 15:13; 1Ki 3:26-27, Jer 26:19; Jer 38:15.
2 subject God, by inflicting penalty, absolute Deu 32:39; 1Sa 2:6; 2Ki 5:7, elsewhere with accusative Gen 18:25; Gen 38:7, Gen 38:10; Exo 4:24; Num 14:15 (J), Deu 9:28; Jdg 13:23; 1Sa 2:25; 1Sa 5:10-11, 1Ch 2:3; 1Ch 10:14; Isa 65:15; Hos 9:16; ברעב Isa 14:30; בצמא Hos 2:5; of killing fish Psa 105:29; מְמִיתִים Job 33:22 executioners, angels of death.
3 of animals killing men, e.g. ox Exo 21:29 (E), lion 1Ki 13:24, 1Ki 13:26; 2Ki 17:26.
4 bring to a premature death Pro 19:18; Pro 21:25.
Hoph`al Perfect הוּמָ֑ת 2Ki 11:2 +; 3 masculine plural הֻמְתוּ 2Sa 21:9; Imperfect יוּמַת Lev 20:10 +; יוּמָ֑ת Gen 26:11 +; Participle מוּמָת 1Sa 19:11, plural מוּמָתִים 2Ki 11:2 (Qr), 2Ch 22:11; — be killed, put to death:
1 by conspiracy 2Ki 11:2 (twice in verse) = 2Ch 22:11; 2Ki 11:8, 2Ki 11:15, 2Ki 11:16; 2Ch 23:7, 2Ch 23:14.
2 by capital punishment Exo 21:29 (E), Exo 35:2; Num 1:15; Num 3:10, Num 3:38; Num 18:7 (P), Lev 19:20; Lev 24:16, Lev 24:21 (H), Deu 13:6; Deu 17:6 (twice in verse); Deu 21:22; Deu 24:16 (3 t. in verse) = 2Ki 14:6 (twice in verse), Jos 1:18 (all D) Jdg 6:31; 1Sa 11:13; 1Sa 19:6, 1Sa 19:11; 1Sa 20:32; 2Sa 19:22; 2Sa 19:23; 2Sa 21:9; 1Ki 2:24; 2Ch 15:13; Jer 38:4, and the phrase יוּמת מוֺת (see Qal 2a).
3 by divine infliction, in the phrase יוּמת מות (see Qal 2b).
4 die prematurely Pro 19:16.
מוֺת noun [masculine] death (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew); — absolute Ezr 7:26.
מָזוֺן see זון.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org.