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Word

אַיִן

ʼayin · H369 · Hebrew · 788 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. there is no, there is not, it is not, it does not

    State in which an object or event is either absent or non-existant

    Examples

    Genesis 2:5 Now no shrub of the field was yet on the earth, and no plant of the field had yet sprouted, for the LORD God had not sent rain upon the earth, and there was no man to cultivate the ground.

    Genesis 5:24 Enoch walked with God; and he was not, for God took him.

    Genesis 11:30 Sarai was unable to conceive; she did not have a child.

  2. nothing

    State in which an object is non-existent, implying that it has been destroyed, or that it exists in people's imagination only; regarded therefore as totally insignificant

    Examples

    Isaiah 40:17 All the nations are as nothing before Him, They are regarded by Him as less than nothing and meaningless.

    Isaiah 41:11 “Behold, all those who are angered at you will be shamed and dishonored; Those who contend with you will be as nothing and will perish.

  3. almost, nearly

    כְּאַיִן marker indicating that a certain event would occur but was finally avoided

    Examples

    Psalm 73:2 But as for me, my feet came close to stumbling, My steps had almost slipped.

How it’s used In 7 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Named alongside itApposition

2 occurrences in 2 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

12 occurrences in 4 groups

What it is said to bePredicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

630 occurrences in 285 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

39 occurrences in 5 groups

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

1 occurrences in 1 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 2 words
οὐ ou · G3756 · not
אַיִן (ʼayin, H369) אַיִן and οὐ (ou, G3756) οὐ are both primary negative particles in their respective languages, expressing absolute negation or non-existence. Hebrew אַיִן conveys absence or non-being across a range of negative constructions ("none," "nothing," "neither," and existential negation), while Greek οὐ is the standard absolute negative adverb ("no" or "not"), and is the usual rendering of Hebrew אַיִן in Greek.
οὐ μή ou mḗ · G3364 · a double negative strengthening the denial; not at all
אַיִן (ʼayin, H369) אַיִן functions as a negative existential particle ('there is not', 'none') in Hebrew, while οὐ μή (ou mḗ, G3364) οὐ μή is a strengthened double negative construction in Greek; both express emphatic negation, with the Hebrew particle often used in existential contexts and the Greek construction intensifying prohibitions or denials, making them cross-linguistic equivalents for rendering strong negative assertions.
Semantic domains 1 entry
Spatial Referents003002005
אַיִן is the common negative particle of non-existence, "there is not," as no shrub yet on the earth (Genesis 2:5) or Enoch who "was not, for God took him" (Genesis 5:24).
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H369. ayin II. אַ֫יִן nought. אִיעֶזֶר see אֲבִיעֶזֶר. אִיתָמָר see I. אָוָה. II. אָ֑֫יִן…
H369. ayin
II. אַ֫יִן nought.
אִיעֶזֶר see אֲבִיעֶזֶר.
אִיתָמָר see I. אָוָה.
II. אָ֑֫יִן אַ֫יִן, construct אֵין
substantive properly nothing, nought (Moabite אן, Assyrian iânu).
1 Isa 40:23 לְאָ֑יִן רוֺזְנִים הַנּוֺתֵן who bringeth princes to nothing; כְּאַיִן as nothing, ib. Isa 40:17; Isa 41:11-12, Hag 2:3; Psa 39:6; almost (|| כִּמְעַט) Psa 73:2; מֵאַיִן of nothing Isa 41:24.
2 construct אֵין, very frequently as
particle of negations, is not, are not, was not, were not, etc. (corresponding to the affirmative יֵשׁ q. v. Similar in usage, though not etymology akin, are , לַיִת, , , properly 'there is nought of ...' followed by a substantive or a pronominal suffix (אֵינֶנִּי [verbal form, Ges§ 100, 5; 152, 1 c], אֵינָם אֵינְכֶם, אֵינֶנָּה, אֵינֶנּוּ, אֵינֵךְ, אֵינְךָ,, also Psa 59:14 אֵינֵ֫מוֺ, Psa 73:5 אֵינֵ֫ימוֺ): twice abnormally, in late Hebrew, a noun אֲנַחְנוּ אֵין אֲנִי, אֵין Neh 4:17 (so sometimes לַיִת, , NöM. p. 295); once, incorrectly, את Hag 2:17.
a. denying existence absolutely Isa 44:6; Isa 47:10 רֹאָנִי אֵין there is none that seeth me, literally nought of one seeing me! עוֺד אֵין there is none else Deu 4:39; 1Ki 8:60; Isa 45:5-6, Isa 45:18, Isa 45:22.
b. more commonly, in a limited sense, there is none here or at hand Exo 2:12 and he saw אִישׁ כִּיאֵֿין that there was no man (that is, there), Num 21:5; Gen 5:24 וְאֵינֶנּוּ and he was not (of Enoch's disappearance from earth) Gen 42:13 one (cas. pend. as often), he is not, Gen 42:36; often = is (or has) vanished Gen 37:30; 1Ki 20:40; Isa 17:14; Psa 37:10; Psa 103:16; Job 8:22; Job 24:24; Job 27:19.
c. with the sense determined by a predicate following: Gen 37:29 Joseph was not in the pit, Gen 41:39 + often; Exo 5:10 תֶּבֶן לָכֶם נֹתֵן אֵינֶנִּי I am not giving you straw; and so often with particip. where duration has to be expressed Gen 39:23; Deu 21:18; Isa 1:15; Jer 7:16, or intention Gen 20:7 אִם ֗֗֗ דַּע מֵשִׁיב אֵינְךָ if thou art not restoring her, know Gen 43:5; Exo 8:17; Exo 33:15 (idiomatically, after אם; see Dr§ 137) Jdg 12:3. Following once pleonastic by יֵשׁ Psa 135:17. Treated as a mere particle of negation, אֵין may vary its position in the sentence, the substantive which should strictly stand in the Genitive being not only separated from it by a little word, as בּוֺ Gen 37:24, לוֺ Exo 22:1, שָׁם Exo 12:30, גַּם Psa 14:3, etc., but even for emphasis prefixed to it, as Gen 19:31; Gen 40:8 אֹתוֺ אֵין וּפֹתֵר Gen 41:15; Exo 5:16; Jdg 13:9; Jdg 14:6; Jdg 16:15; Jdg 19:1 (so MI24): if however it be thus brought to the end of a sentence, or be disconnected with what follows, it stands in the absolute form, as Gen 2:5 האדמה לעבד אַיִן ואדם and man there was none to till the ground, Lev 26:37 אָ֑יִן וְרֹדֵף Num 20:5; 2Ki 19:3; Hos 13:4; Mic 7:2.
d. sometimes the subject has to be supplied from the context: thus (α) 1Sa 9:4 and they passed through the land of Shaalim וָאַיִן and they (the asses) were not (literally and nought!), especially after verbs of waiting or seeking Isa 59:11; Psa 69:21; Job 3:9; Isa 41:17. Eze 7:25; Pro 14:6; Pro 13:4; Pro 20:4. (β) Exo 17:7 is ׳י in the midst of us ׃ אִםאָֽֿיִן or not ? Num 13:20. (γ) Jdg 4:20 אָֽיִן׃ וְאָמַרְתְּ then thou shalt say, There is not, 1Ki 18:10; 1Sa 10:14. (δ) Gen 30:1 give me children, וְאִםאַֿיִן and if not, I die, Exo 32:32; Jdg 9:15, Jdg 9:20; 2Sa 17:6 (see Dr) 2Ki 2:10; Job 33:33.
e. with subject not expressed, once (late), Dan 8:5 בָּאָרֶץ נֹגֵעַ וְאֵין and (it) was not touching the earth. feminine once, Job 35:15 with the finite verb; but read here מֹּקֵד אֵין כִּי (the usage of , cited by De, does not justify the anomaly in Hebrew) Jer 38:5 the imperfect may be due to the fact that no participle of יָכֹל was in use, and a relation must be tacitly supplied: 'The king is not (one that) can do aught against you.' On Exo 3:2 see Ges§ 52, 2 R. 6; Ew§ 169 d.
3 לְ ׳אֵין, with substantive, or pronoun, there is (was) not to . . . = . . . have, has, had, etc. not: Gen 11:30 וָלָד לָהּ אֵין she had no child, Num 27:9 בַּת לוֺ וְאִםאֵֿין and if he have no daughter + often; with a participle Deu 22:27; Jer 14:16; Jer 30:17; Jer 49:5; Jer 50:32; Psa 142:5; Lam 1:2, Lam 1:9, Lam 1:17; Exo 22:2 לוֺ אִםאֵֿין if he have nought, Dan 9:26 לו ואין and have nought (or none).
4 in circumstantial clauses (Dr§ 164): — (a) Exo 21:11 she shall go out free כָּ֑סֶף אֵין without money, Exo 22:9 רֹאֶה אֵין none seeing it, Num 11:6; Isa 47:1; Jer 2:32; Hos 3:4; Hos 7:11; Psa 32:9; Psa 88:5 + . (b) Deu 32:4 a God of faithfulness עָוֶל וְאֵין and no iniquity, i.e. without iniquity, Jer 5:21; Joe 1:6; Psa 104:25. (c) very often, in such phrases as מַחֲרִיד וְאֵין with none to affright Lev 26:6 (12 t.); מְכַבֶּה וְאֵין Isa 1:31 and elsewhere; מַצִּיל וְאֵין Isa 5:29; Psa 7:3, etc. (Dr§ 159).
5 with infinitive and ׳ל, it is not to . . . : i.e. (a) like οὐκ ἔστιν, it is not possible to . . . (compare below יֵשׁ and לֹא), but hardly except in late Hebrew; 2Ch 20:6 לְהִתְיַצֵּב עִמְּךָ וְאֵין it is not possible to stand (in conflict) with thee, 2Ch 22:9; Ezr 9:15; Ecc 3:14; Est 4:2. Once without ל, Psa 40:6 אֵלָיךָ עֲרֹךְ אֵין οὐκ ἔστι παραβάλλειν σοι. (β) there is no need to . . . 1Ch 23:26 אֵיןלָֿשֵׂאת לַלְוִיִּם וְגַם for the Levites also there was no need to bear 2Ch 5:11; 2Ch 35:15 (see Dr§ 202. 1).
6 with prefixes : —
a. בְּאֵין properly in defect of: — (a) for want of, without — Pro 5:23 HE will die מוּסָר בְּאֵין for lack of instruction, Pro 11:14 תַּחְבֻּלוֺת בְּאֵין without guidance, Pro 14:4; Pro 15:22; Pro 26:20; Pro 29:18; Isa 57:1; Eze 38:11; compare בְּלֹא. (β) of time = when there was (were) not Pro 8:24 (twice in verse).
b. כְּאֵין Isa 59:10 עֵינַיִם כְּאֵין in poetry for עֵינַיִם לוֺ אֵין כַּאֲשֶׁר (compare Ew§ 286 g Ges§ 152. 1 h).
c. לְאֵין (α) for לוֺ אֵין לַאֲשֶׁר Isa 40:29; inlate prose 2Ch 14:10; Neh 8:10. (β) in the condition of not. . . (ל of state, see below ל) = without or so that not . . . (peculiar to Chronicles), 1Ch 22:4 cedar trees מִסְמָּר לְאֵין without number, 2Ch 14:12 and there fell of the Cushites מִחְיָה לְאֵיןלָֿהֶם so that they had none remaining alive, 2Ch 20:25 מַשָּׂא לְאֵין so that there was no carrying away, 2Ch 21:18; Ezr 9:14. (γ) עַדלְֿאֵין (see ל ׳עַד), 2Ch 36:16 until there was no remedy (compare ֗֗֗ אֵין עַד Psa 40:13; Job 5:9).
d. מֵאֵין (a) (מִן causal) from lack of . . . Isa 50:2; Jer 7:32; Jer 19:11. (β) (מִן negative, see מִן) properly away from there being no. . . (with אֵין pleonastic, compare מִבְּלִי, and אֵין מִבְּלִי), i.e. so that not. . ., without, mostly epexegetical of some term expressing desolation: Isa 5:9 Surely many houses shall be desolate יוֺשֵׁב מֵאֵין without inhabitant, Isa 6:11 +? Jeremiah & Zephaniah; Isa 6:11 אָדָם מֵאֵין, Jer 32:43 וּבְהֵמָה אָדָם מֵאֵין Jer 33:10, Jer 33:12; Eze 33:28; Lam 3:49. Once followed by infinitive Mal 2:13 so that there is no regarding more. (γ) in Jer 10:6-7, מֵאֵין כָּמוֺךָ, מֵאֵין is supposed by some to = a strengthened אֵין, even none, none at all; but it is difficult to justify this explanation logically; and it is preferable to point כָּמוֺךָ מֵאַיִן whence is any like thee? compare Jer 30:7. (So Hi see DrHebraica. ii. 34-7.)

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Spatial Referents0 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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