eRhema Explore
Word

יַיִן

yayin · H3196 · Hebrew · 141 occurrences

See all 141 in Search

A word for 2 things

Meanings

  1. wine

    A dark red alcoholic liquid made from grapes through fermentation, used as a beverage though to be avoided by Nazirites and by priests on duty, associated with joy and well-being but also with drunkenness and foolishness, and used as a metaphor for anger, aggressive behavior, and sex

    Examples

    Genesis 9:21 He drank some of the wine and became drunk, and uncovered himself inside his tent.

    Genesis 9:24 When Noah awoke from his wine, he knew what his youngest son had done to him.

    Genesis 14:18 And Melchizedek the king of Salem brought out bread and wine; now he was a priest of God Most High.

How it’s used In 10 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

19 occurrences in 13 groups

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

2 occurrences in 3 groups

Named alongside itApposition

9 occurrences in 6 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

8 occurrences in 8 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

52 occurrences in 19 groups

Second object ofSecond object

7 occurrences in 1 groups

What it is said to bePredicate

7 occurrences in 8 groups

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

5 occurrences in 5 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

36 occurrences in 7 groups

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

21 occurrences in 12 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 5 words
תִּירוֹשׁ tîyrôwsh · H8492 · must, (new) wine
These are two distinct Hebrew words for wine that overlap in sense and could substitute in many contexts, both denoting a fermented grape beverage; תִּירוֹשׁ (tîyrôwsh, H8492) is qualified as "(new, sweet)," a specialization, but the core sense "wine" is shared.
מֶזֶג mezeg · H4197 · spiced wine, mixed wine
Both words denote wine; The second word is glossed "spiced wine, mixed wine," a specific kind of wine.
עָסִיס ʻâçîyç · H6071 · must, fresh wine
Both lexemes refer to grape-based beverages, fermented or unfermented, within the same category of wine-related drinks.
חֶמֶר chemer · H2561 · (fermenting) wine
Both words denote wine, a fermented grape beverage; חֶמֶר (chemer, H2561) is glossed "red wine" and so specifies color or type, while יַיִן (yayin, H3196) is wine in general.
סֹבֶא çôbeʼ · H5435 · strong drink, liquor
יַיִן (yayin, H3196) is the common, standard term (141×); סֹבֶא (çôbeʼ, H5435) is a rare synonym (3×), possibly emphasizing intoxicating drink.
In the other Testament 1 word
οἶνος oînos · G3631 · wine, new wine, grape juice
Greek οἶνος is the direct translation equivalent of Hebrew יַיִן across literal wine contexts (fermented grape beverage), representing the standard LXX rendering practice.
Semantic domains 3 entries
Liquids001002005007
יַיִן denotes wine as a liquid substance, the drink Noah consumed to the point of drunkenness (Genesis 9:21).
Wine001003001003005
יַיִן is the standard Hebrew word for wine itself, the drink Melchizedek brought out to Abram along with bread (Genesis 14:18).
Crops001003001003002
יַיִן relates to the agricultural produce of the vine from which it is pressed, tying the drink to the broader category of cultivated crops.
Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

יַיִןyayin · H3196יָוֵן yâvên · H3121 · mud · 2×יְוָנִי Yᵉvânîy · H3125 · Javanite · 1×
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H3196. yayin יַ֫יִן141 noun masculinePsa 75:9 wine (Late Hebrew id.; Ethiopic : vitis,…
H3196. yayin
יַ֫יִן141 noun masculinePsa 75:9 wine (Late Hebrew id.; Ethiopic : vitis, vinea, vinum; Arabic (black) grapes, see HomZMG 1889, 654; Sabean וין vineyard, MordtZMG 1887, 364 Homl.c. 659 (both after Glaser); Assyrian inu in vocabularies, but this loan-word from western Shemites, according to HomAufsätze 102; JenZA i, 186 f., ZMG 1890, 705 argues to the contrary) — absolute יַ֫יִן Gen 9:21 84t.; יָ֑יִן Gen 14:18 33t.; construct יַ֫יִן Psa 60:5; Son 8:2; יֵין Deu 32:18 Deu 32:9t.; suffix יֵינִי Son 5:1, etc.; — wine:
a. common drink, for refreshment Gen 14:18 (E?) Gen 27:25 (J), Jdg 19:19; 2Sa 16:2; Amo 5:11; Amo 9:14; Hos 14:8; Job 1:13, Job 1:18; Dan 1:5 +, tonic Pro 31:6; article of commerce Eze 27:18; Neh 13:15; among supplies in strongholds 2Ch 11:11; as making merry 2Sa 13:28; Zec 9:15; Zec 10:7; Est 1:10; Ecc 9:7; Ecc 10:19; Psa 104:15.
b. used for rejoicing before ׳י Deu 14:26, compare Hos 9:4; as drink-offering in prescribed ritual Exo 29:40; Lev 23:13; Num 15:5, Num 15:7, Num 15:10; Num 28:14; among temple stores 1Ch 9:29; used also in heathen ceremonial, see Deu 32:33.
c. intoxicating 1Sa 1:14; 1Sa 25:37; Gen 9:21, Gen 9:24; Gen 19:32-33, Gen 19:34, Gen 19:35 (all J), Isa 5:11, Isa 5:22; Pro 21:17; Pro 23:30-31, +; || תִּירוֺשׁ Hos 4:11; || שֵׁכָר 1Sa 1:15; Mic 2:11; Isa 24:9; Isa 28:7 (twice in verse); Isa 56:12 Isa 56:12t.; forbidden to Nazirites Num 6:3 (twice in verse) (שֵׁכָר וְחֹמֶץ יַיִן חֹמֶץ), Num 6:4; Num 6:20, compare Amo 2:12; to Rechabites Jer 35:2, Jer 35:5f.; to mother of Samson Jdg 13:4, Jdg 13:7, Jdg 13:14; to priests entering sanctuary Lev 10:9 (P), Eze 44:21; unfitting for kings Pro 31:4.
d. combinations are: הַטּוֺב יֵין Cant 7:10 = the best wine (read כַּיַּיִן ?) Ges§ 133. 3, R. 1; מַלְכוּת יֵין Est 1:7 royal wine; יַּיִן אֹצרְוֺת 1Ch 27:27 stores of wine, wine-supply; הָרֶקַח יַיִן Son 8:2 spiced wine; הַיַּיִן מִשְׁתֵּה wine-feast Est 5:6; Est 7:2, Est 7:7, Est 7:8; יַיִן סֹבְאֵי Pro 23:20 wine-bibbers; יין נאֹד wine-skin Jos 9:4, Jos 9:13; 1Sa 16:20; יין נֵבֶל id. 1Sa 1:24; 1Sa 10:3; 1Sa 25:18; 2Sa 16:1; Jer 13:12 (twice in verse); הַיָּ֑יִן בֵּית Son 2:4 either wine-house, where wine is drunk, feasting-house (De and others), or place of wine = vineyard (Ew and others; compare יַיִן גֶּפֶן Num 6:4).
e. metaphor of wisdom's drink Pro 9:2, Pro 9:5, compare Isa 55:1; of ׳יs wrath Jer 25:15 (היין כּוֺס); of confusion sent by תַּרְעֵלָה יַיִן ׳י, wine of reeling Psa 60:5, compare Psa 75:9; of ׳יs awaking for vengeance, like a wine-shouter Psa 78:65; of Babylon's fierce power Jer 51:7; of love Son 5:1; חֲמָסִים יֵין Pro 4:17; in simile of one bursting with words Job 32:19; of disheartened prophet Jer 23:9 (עֲבָרוֺיַיִן כְּגֶבֶר); of lover's mouth Cant 7:10 (see above); love is better than wine Cant 1:2; 4:10.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Liquids141 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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