Wine
Human-made Things in the Bible
Wine was a fermented drink made from the juice of grapes. The grape harvest season began in the land of Israel around the start of July and went on through the summer. The process of extracting the juice (see Wine press) and fermentation meant that the first wine (the “new wine”) was available in September. Fully fermented wine could be stored for several years, although not as long as is possible today with modern methods of pasteurization and storage. It was common practice to dilute wine with water before drinking it (as much as 50 percent or more). Similarly, wine could also be sweetened with some agent such as honey.
In the Bible
The Hebrew and Greek words for it, and every verse where each is used
חֶמֶר chemer · 2 verses
חֲמַר chamar · 6 verses
יַיִן yayin · 134 verses
מֶזֶג mezeg · 1 verse
מִמְסָךְ mimsak · 2 verses
מֶסֶךְ mesek · 1 verse
נֶסֶךְ nesek · 58 verses
שֶׁמֶר shemer · 4 verses
οἶνος oinos · 69 verses
Also in Food and Drink
Sources
Plants and Trees in the Bible, Animals in the Bible and Human-made Things in the Bible © United Bible Societies, 2025 (adapted from Each According to its Kind: Plants and Trees in the Bible by Robert Koops, All Creatures Great and Small: Living Things in the Bible by Edward R. Hope, and The Works of Their Hands: Man-made Things in the Bible by Ray Pritz), CC BY-SA 4.0; adapted for eRhema