יָגָה
yâgâh · H3013 · Hebrew · 8 occurrences
Meanings
-
to be grieved
Process by which humans experience sorrow and suffering
ExamplesLamentations 1:4 The roads of Zion are in mourning Because no one comes to an appointed feast. All her gates are deserted; Her priests groan, Her virgins are worried, And as for Zion herself, it is bitter for her.
Zephaniah 3:18 “I will gather those who are worried about the appointed feasts— They came from you, Zion; The disgrace of exile is a burden on them.
-
to grieve, to torment
Causative action by which humans or deities inflict sorrow and suffering on (other) humans
ExamplesJob 19:2 “How long will you torment me And crush me with words?
Isaiah 51:23 “I will put it into the hand of your tormentors, Who have said to you, ‘Lie down so that we may walk over you.’ You have also made your back like the ground, And like the street for those who walk over it.”
Lamentations 1:5 Her adversaries have become her masters, Her enemies are secure; For the LORD has caused her grief Because of the multitude of her wrongdoings; Her little ones have gone away As captives led by the enemy.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
7 occurrences in 5 groups
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 2
- Not stated: he, she or it 2
- בְּתוּלָהvirgin, young woman 1
- Not stated: you (more than one) 1
- Not stated (participle) 1
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- בֵּןson 1
- נֶפֶשׁsoul, life 1
- הָher 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
4 occurrences in 4 groups
- מִןfrom+ מוֹעֵדmeeting, appointed time, feast 1
- עַדto, as far as, until+ אָןwhere? 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ רֹבmultitude, abundance, numerous 1
- בin/on/with+ יוֹםday, time 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- ךְyou 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אָמַרto say 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אָסַףto gather, to assemble 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- יָדhand, power 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 8 words
- עָגַם ʻâgam · H5701 · to grieve, to feel sorry
- Both words share the core sense "grieve" and are verbs of emotional distress that could substitute for each other in context, both describing causing or experiencing grief.
- סָפַד çâphad · H5594 · to mourn
- Both words denote expressions of grief and sorrow: יָגָה emphasizes causing or experiencing grief and affliction, while סָפַד focuses on formal mourning and lamentation; they overlap in contexts expressing sorrow.
- צוּק tsûwq · H6693 · to nag, to pester, to oppress
- Both lexemes denote causing emotional/psychological distress or affliction, with overlapping semantic territory in the grief/distress space.
- נוּשׁ nûwsh · H5136 · to be in despair
- Both lexemes denote emotional states of grief or distress within the same semantic field.
- כָּאַב kâʼab · H3510 · to be in pain, to hurt, to wound
- Both words are verbs centered on grief and sorrow, denoting overlapping states or the causing of grief; both are glossed with "grieve" or "grieving" and "sorrowful."
- עָצַב ʻâtsab · H6087 · to be hurt, to frustrate
- Both lexemes genuinely denote causing grief or distress, showing real semantic overlap as near-synonyms (both can mean "to grieve/vex").
- רָעַע râʻaʻ · H7489 · to act wickedly, to do wickedness, to do evil
- יָגָה (yâgâh, H3013) is narrowly focused on grief/sorrow, while רָעַע (râʻaʻ, H7489) has broader negative-action senses (evil, harm, break) but does include "grieve" as one shade.
- קָדַר qâdar · H6937 · to grow dark, to become dark, to be darkened
- In the sense of mourning and grieving, יָגָה (yâgâh, H3013) centers on causing or experiencing grief and sorrow, while קָדַר (qâdar, H6937) extends from "be dark or black" into the register of mourning (mourning attire and demeanor); they overlap in contexts of grief and mourning.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Grieve002001002013
- יָגָה describes causing grief or affliction, inflicting sorrow on another, as the LORD causing Zion grief for the multitude of her wrongdoings (Lamentations 1:5, 12).
- Space002002001017
- This entry carries no independent "Space" sense of its own; every genuine tagged occurrence of יָגָה (Job 19:2, Lamentations 1:4-5, 1:12, 3:32) describes emotional grief or affliction, not spatial displacement or pressing. The domain is bundle-shared with a related sense.
Word family 3 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H3013. yagah I. [יָגָה] verb suffer, not in Qal (compare Arabic castravit, be abraded (of…
I. [יָגָה] verb suffer, not in
Qal (compare Arabic castravit, be abraded (of the foot); of horse, have pain in the hoof) —
Niph`al Participle feminine plural נוּגוֺת (on form see Köi. 582) Lam 1:4 (|| מַר נֶאֱנָחִים,) grieved, masculine plural construct נוּגֵי (see Köl.c.) Zep 3:18 (followed by preposition, compare Ges§ 130. 1); of virgins of Zion Lam 1:4; of exiles Zep 3:18.
Pi`el Imperfect וַיַּגֶּה (for וַיְיַגֶּה, see Köi. 582. 412) grieve, followed by accusative Lam 3:33 (|| עִנָּה).
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הוֺגה Lam 1:12; Lam 3:32; suffix הוֺגָהּ Lam 1:5; Imperfect2masculine plural תּוֺגְיוּן Job 19:2; Participle plural suffix מוֺגַיִךְ Isa 51:23; — cause grief or sorrow, absolute Lam 3:32 (opposed to רִחַם); followed by accusative (Zion) Lam 1:5, compare Isa 51:23, also Lam 1:12 (object omitted, but אשׁר of grief = wherewith); followed by נָפְשִׁי Job 19:2. — On 2Sa 20:13 see II. יגה.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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