גָּמַל
gâmal · H1580 · Hebrew · 37 occurrences
Meanings
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to wean
Causative process by which a mother causes her baby to become accustomed to food other than its mother's milk
ExamplesGenesis 21:8 And the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham held a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned.
1 Samuel 1:22 But Hannah did not go up, for she said to her husband, “I will not go until the child is weaned; then I will bring him, so that he may appear before the LORD and stay there for life.”
1 Samuel 1:23 Elkanah her husband said to her, “Do what seems best to you. Stay until you have weaned him; only may the LORD confirm His word.” So the woman stayed and nursed her son until she weaned him.
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weaned child
An infant who has recently become accustomed to food other than its mother's milk; associated with inner peace and satisfaction as a weaned child does not continually search for its mother's breast anymore
ExamplesPsalm 131:2 I have certainly soothed and quieted my soul; Like a weaned child resting against his mother, My soul within me is like a weaned child.
Isaiah 11:8 The nursing child will play by the hole of the cobra, And the weaned child will put his hand on the viper’s den.
Isaiah 28:9 “To whom would He teach knowledge, And to whom would He interpret the message? Those just weaned from milk? Those just taken from the breast?
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to pay back, to repay, to reward
Action by which humans or deities act towards a person in a way that has consequences and can result either in retribution or a reward
ExamplesGenesis 50:15 When Joseph’s brothers had seen that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph holds a grudge against us and pays us back in full for all the wrong which we did to him!”
Deuteronomy 32:6 “Is this what you do to the LORD, You foolish and unwise people? Is He not your Father who has purchased you? He has made you and established you.
2 Samuel 22:21 “The LORD has treated me in accordance with my righteousness; In accordance with the cleanliness of my hands He has repaid me.
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to ripen
Process by which an agricultural product becomes ready for harvesting and eating
ExamplesNumbers 17:8 Now on the next day Moses went into the tent of the testimony; and behold, Aaron’s staff for the house of Levi had sprouted and produced buds and bloomed with blossoms, and it yielded ripe almonds.
Isaiah 18:5 For before the harvest, as soon as the bud blossoms And the flower becomes a ripening grape, He will cut off the shoots with pruning knives, And remove and tear away the spreading branches.
How it’s used In 8 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
34 occurrences in 18 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 9
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 4
- Not stated: you (one person) 3
- Other words · 15 groups that occur once or twice (18) 18
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
21 occurrences in 11 groups
- וֹhim 6
- נִיme 4
- ךָּyou 3
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (8) 8
Second objectAs in “call him Lord”
6 occurrences in 3 groups
- רַעevil, bad 4
- טוֹבgood 2
- לֹאnot 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
16 occurrences in 15 groups
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ נִיme 3
- Other words · 14 groups that occur once or twice (15) 15
With adverbsAdverbs
2 occurrences in 1 groups
- לֹאnot 2
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הָדָהto put (one's hand) 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 2 groups
- נֶפֶשׁsoul, life 1
- נִיme 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
5 occurrences in 2 groups
- כlike/as 5
- עַדto, as far as, until 2
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- שָׁלַם shâlam · H7999 · to be finished, to finish
- Both terms operate in the sphere of completing transactions and reciprocal obligation—גָּמַל (gâmal, H1580) denoting recompense or reward, שָׁלַם (shâlam, H7999) denoting repayment or making amends—and so function as near-synonyms describing the completion of a reciprocal act.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἀνταποδίδωμι antapodídōmi · G467 · to repay, to pay back, to give back
- Greek ἀνταποδίδωμι specifically denotes reciprocal requital (repaying good or evil in return), capturing the recompense/requite subset of Hebrew גָּמַל's broader semantic range that also includes general beneficence (bestow, deal bountifully) and agricultural ripening.
- ἀνταπόδοσις antapódosis · G469 · recompense, reward for what has been done
- Greek ἀνταπόδοσις denotes specifically the act of requital/recompense (nominal form), whereas Hebrew גָּמַל spans a broader verbal range including bestowing benefit, dealing bountifully, and ripening, with recompense as one semantic component rather than the exclusive focus.
Semantic domains 4 entries
- Complete002001003003
- The verb describes bringing something to completion or full development, as grapes ripening to maturity on the vine.
- People001001003
- The verb describes weaning a child, the developmental milestone marked by Isaac's weaning and Abraham's feast.
- Happen002002003003
- The verb also describes dealing with someone in a certain way, the good or ill treatment that comes about between people, as Joseph's brothers feared he would repay them.
- Stage002001001060
- The verb marks the completion of a developmental stage, most concretely the transition from infancy to childhood at weaning.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1580. gamal גָּמַל verb 1. deal fully or adequately with, deal out to. 2 wean. 3 ripen…
גָּמַל verb 1. deal fully or adequately with, deal out to.
2 wean.
3 ripen (Assyrian gamâlu, deal with, benefit, e.g. VR 2Ch 35:19; Late Hebrew גָּמַל, Aramaic גְּמַל; see Palmyrene proper name אגמלא VogNo. 124, Nabataean proper name, feminine גמלת VogNab. below No. 7; perhaps originally complete, accomplish, cognate גמר; — Arabic is collect, be beautiful, goodly) —
Qal Perfect Psa 13:6 +; Imperfect יִגְמֹל Numbers 17:23 +; Imperative גְּמֹל Psa 119:17; Infinitive גָּמְלָהּ גָּמְלֵךְ, 1Sa 1:23; Participle גֹּמֵל Pro 11:17 +; passive גָּמוּל Isa 11:8; גָּמֻל Psa 131:2 (twice in verse); —
1. a. deal out to, do to, with 2 accusative רָע וְלֹא טוֺב גְּמָלַתְהוּ she doeth him good and not evil Pro 31:12; הָֽרָעָה גְּמַלְתִּיךָ וַאֲנִי הַטּוֺבָה גְּמַלְתַּנִי אַתָּה כִּי for thou hast done unto me the good but I have done unto thee the evil 1Sa 24:18; do evil (ה)רע unto Gen 50:15, Gen 50:17; Pro 3:30; with לְ person Isa 3:9; do good unto, 2 accusative Isa 63:7 (twice in verse); compare also חֶסֶד אִישׁ נַפְשׁוֺ גֹּמֵל Pro 11:17.
b. with עַל person deal bountifully with Psa 13:6; Psa 116:7; Psa 119:17; Psalm 142:8; with accusative of person reward 2Sa 22:21 (= Psa 18:21), perhaps also הַזּאֹת הַגְּמוּלָה יִגְמְלֵנִי לָמָּה why should he reward me with this reward? 2Sa 19:37.
c. recompense, repay, requite, in a bad sense, with 2 accusative Psa 7:5; with לְ person Deu 32:6; Psa 137:8; with עַל person 2Ch 20:11; Psa 103:10; Joel 4:4.
2 wean a child (complete his nursing) 1Sa 1:23 (twice in verse); 1Sa 1:24; 1Ki 11:20; Hos 1:8; גָּמוּל weaned child Psa 131:2 (twice in verse); Isa 11:8; מֵחָלָב גְּמוּלֵי weaned from milk Isa 28:9.
3 transitive ripen, bear ripe (almonds) Numbers 17:23; intransitive become ripe (grapes) Isa 18:5.
Niph`al Imperfect יִגָּמֵל 1Sa 1:22; וַיִּגָּמַ֑ל Gen 21:8; Infinitive הִגָּמֵל Gen 21:8; — be weaned.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 4 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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