גְּמוּל
gᵉmûwl · H1576 · Hebrew · 19 occurrences
Meanings
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actions
Action by which humans act towards other humans or deities in a way that has consequences and can result either in retribution or a reward
ExamplesJudges 9:16 “Now then, if you have acted with honesty and integrity in making Abimelech king, and if you have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house, and have dealt with him as he deserved—
2 Chronicles 32:25 But Hezekiah did nothing in return for the benefit he received, because his heart was proud; therefore wrath came upon him and upon Judah and Jerusalem.
Psalm 103:2 Bless the LORD, my soul, And do not forget any of His benefits;
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retribution
Action by which humans or deities deal with other humans or deities according to their actions, which could be either by punishing them or by giving them a reward
ExamplesPsalm 28:4 Give back to them according to their work and according to the evil of their practices; Give back to them according to the work of their hands; Repay them what is due them.
Psalm 94:2 Rise up, Judge of the earth, Pay back retribution to the proud.
Isaiah 35:4 Say to those with anxious heart, “Take courage, fear not. Behold, your God will come with vengeance; The retribution of God will come, But He will save you.”
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
11 occurrences in 7 groups
- יָדhand, power 3
- הוּhis 2
- כֶםyour 2
- אֱלֹהִיםGod, gods 1
- ךָyour 1
- ךְyour 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- גָּמַלto repay, to wean 1
What it doesIt is the subject
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- שׁוּבto return, to turn back 2
- עָשָׂהto do, to make 1
What is done to itIt is the object
12 occurrences in 3 groups
- שָׁלַםto repay, to make restitution, to complete 6
- שׁוּבto return, to turn back 5
- שָׁכַחto forget 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
2 occurrences in 1 groups
- כlike/as 4
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- שִׁלּוּם shillûwm · H7966 · payback, retribution, bribe
- Both גְּמוּל (gᵉmûwl, H1576) and שִׁלּוּם (shillûwm, H7966) include "recompense" or "reward" among their core senses, converging on the concept of repayment or requital owed for one's deeds.
- שִׁלֻּמָה shillumâh · H8011 · payback, retribution
- Both words refer to recompense, what is deserved, or reward, and denote the same concept of repayment.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἀνταπόδομα antapódoma · G468 · repayment, recompense, reward for what has been done
- Greek ἀνταπόδομα (antapódoma, G468) serves as the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew גְּמוּל (gᵉmûwl, H1576), both denoting recompense or requital — the thing given back in return for prior action, whether reward or retribution.
- ἀνταπόδοσις antapódosis · G469 · recompense, reward for what has been done
- Greek ἀνταπόδοσις denotes the act of requital/recompense itself, directly corresponding to Hebrew גְּמוּל's sense of recompense, reward, or desert; both terms capture the concept of receiving what is due or deserved in return for prior action.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Happen002002003003
- The noun denotes a deed or dealing that comes about as a consequence of prior action, the recompense that results from what someone has done.
- Chastise002003002005
- The word frequently denotes retributive recompense or punishment, used of God repaying enemies according to their deeds.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1576. gemul גְּמוּל noun masculine dealing, recompence, benefit — ׳ג Psa 94:2 Psa…
גְּמוּל noun masculine dealing, recompence, benefit — ׳ג Psa 94:2 Psa 94:11t.; suffix גְּמֻלְךָ Obadiah 15, etc.; plural suffix גְּמוּלָיו Psa 103:2; —
1 יָדַיִם גְּמוּל dealing of the hands Jdg 9:16; Pro 12:14 (לְ יָשׁוּב) Isa 3:11 (לְ יֵעָשֶׂה).
2 dealing, hence (from context) equivalent of dealing, recompence: with suffix Obadiah 15 בראשׁך ישׁוב גמלך, Joel 4:4; Joel 4:7 (הֵשִׁיב), so with לְ הֵשִׁיב Psa 28:4; לְ שִׁלֵּם Psa 137:8; Pro 19:17; absolutely לְ גְּמוּל (הֵשִׁיב) שִׁלֵם Isa 59:18 (twice in verse); Isa 66:6; Jer 51:6; Lam 3:64; עַל Joel 4:4; Psa 94:2; Isa 35:4 אלהים ׳ג the recompence of God.
3 benefit: גמוליו כל תשׁכחי אַל Psa 103:2; עליו כגמול according to the benefit (done) unto him2Ch 32:25
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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