προσφέρω
prosphérō · G4374 · Greek · 47 occurrences
Meanings
-
To carry or bring something into the presence of someone, usually implying a transfer of something to that person (to carry to, to bring (to))
ExamplesMatthew 22:19 “Show Me the coin used for the poll-tax.” And they brought Him a denarius.
Matthew 25:20 “The one who had received the five talents came up and brought five more talents, saying, ‘Master, you entrusted five talents to me. See, I have earned five more talents.’
Luke 23:36 The soldiers also ridiculed Him, coming up to Him, offering Him sour wine,
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to lead before, to bring into the presence of, to bring to
To bring or lead into the presence of someone
ExamplesMatthew 4:24 And the news about Him spread throughout Syria; and they brought to Him all who were ill, those suffering with various diseases and severe pain, demon-possessed, people with epilepsy, and people who were paralyzed; and He healed them.
Matthew 8:16 Now when evening came, they brought to Him many who were demon-possessed; and He cast out the spirits with a word, and healed all who were ill.
Matthew 9:2 And they brought to Him a paralyzed man lying on a stretcher. And seeing their faith, Jesus said to the man who was paralyzed, “Take courage, son; your sins are forgiven.”
-
to bring to, to present to
To present something to someone, often involving actual physical transport of the object in question
ExamplesMatthew 2:11 And after they came into the house, they saw the Child with His mother Mary; and they fell down and worshiped Him. Then they opened their treasures and presented to Him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.
Matthew 5:23 “Therefore, if you are presenting your offering at the altar, and there you remember that your brother has something against you,
Matthew 5:24 leave your offering there before the altar and go; first be reconciled to your brother, and then come and present your offering.
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to behave toward, to deal with, to do to, to act
To behave or act in a particular way with respect to someone
ExamplesHebrews 12:7 It is for discipline that you endure; God deals with you as with sons; for what son is there whom his father does not discipline?
How it’s used In 10 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
47 occurrences in 23 groups
- Not stated: they 10
- Not stated (participle) 7
- Not stated: you (one person) 5
- Not stated: he, she or it 4
- Not stated (infinitive) 3
- Other words · 18 groups that occur once or twice (19) 19
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
34 occurrences in 22 groups
- δῶρονgift, offering 7
- θυσίαsacrifice 6
- ὅςwho, which, that 3
- Other words · 19 groups that occur once or twice (22) 22
To or for whomIndirect object
23 occurrences in 6 groups
- αὐτόςhe, she, it, same 15
- θεόςGod 3
- ἐγώI, we 2
- μαθητήςdisciple 1
- στόμαmouth 1
- σύyou 1
Second objectAs in “call him Lord”
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- ἄμωμοςblameless, without blemish 1
- ἀποστρέφωto cause to turn away from 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
17 occurrences in 19 groups
- εἰςto+ μαρτύριονtestimony, witness 3
- Other words · 18 groups that occur once or twice (22) 22
With adverbsAdverbs
7 occurrences in 5 groups
- τότεthen 3
- πολλάκιςoften 2
- καίand 1
- οὕτωso, thus, in this way 1
- ἅπαξonce 1
Named alongside itApposition
4 occurrences in 4 groups
- αἷμαblood 1
- θυσίαsacrifice 1
- τὶςsomeone 1
- ΧριστόςChrist, Messiah 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- εἰμίto be 1
What is done to itIt is the object
6 occurrences in 6 groups
- γράφωto write 1
- δοκέωto think, to suppose, to seem 1
- δύναμαιcan 1
- ἔπωto say 1
- καθίστημιto appoint, to put in charge 1
- ὀφείλωought, to owe 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- εἰςto 2
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 3 words
- קָרַב qârab · H7126 · to approach, to come near, to come forward
- Hebrew קָרַב emphasizes the physical or spatial approach/bringing-near action (especially in cultic contexts of bringing offerings near to the altar), while Greek προσφέρω more specifically denotes the act of offering/presenting something to someone (especially to God), with the bearing/bringing component often backgrounded in favor of the presentational aspect.
- בּוֹא bôwʼ · H935 · to come in, to go, to arrive, to reach
- Hebrew בּוֹא emphasizes the motion of coming/bringing into a location (especially God's presence or the sanctuary), while Greek προσφέρω emphasizes the act of offering or presenting (especially sacrificial offerings to God); the two overlap in contexts where bringing something constitutes its presentation as an offering.
- קְרֵב qᵉrêb · H7127 · approach, come, draw near
- προσφέρω (prosphérō, G4374) emphasizes the act of bringing/bearing something forward to present it (especially in cultic contexts of offering to God), while קְרֵב (qᵉrêb, H7127) focuses on the spatial movement of approaching or drawing near, though both can describe bringing sacrificial offerings into proximity with the altar/deity.
Semantic domains 4 entries
- To lead before, to bring into the presence of, to bring to15.172
- The verb describes bringing a person into someone's presence, especially for healing. Mark's account of the paralytic lowered through the roof uses this term: “And when they were unable to get to Him because of the crowd, they removed the roof above Him; and after digging an opening, they let down the pallet on which the paralyzed man was lying” (Mark 2:4).
- To carry to, to bring (to)15.192
- The same verb describes physically carrying a person or object to a destination. Matthew's summary of Jesus' early ministry uses this term: “And the news about Him spread throughout Syria; and they brought to Him all who were ill, those suffering with various diseases and severe pain” (Matthew 4:24).
- To behave toward, to deal with, to do to, to act41.7
- The same verb, used of a manner of conduct toward a person rather than physical motion, describes treating someone in a particular way. Hebrews' teaching on divine discipline uses this term: “It is for discipline that you endure; God deals with you as with sons; for what son is there whom his father does not discipline?” (Hebrews 12:7).
- To bring to, to present to57.80
- The same verb, used of a formal gift or sacrifice, describes presenting an offering. Matthew's account of the magi uses this term: “Then they opened their treasures and presented to Him gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh” (Matthew 2:11).
Word family 31 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon imperfect προσέφερον; 1 aorist προσήνεγκα; 2 aorist προσηνεγκον; perfect προσενήνοχα (Heb…
1. to bring to, lead to: τινα τίνι, one to a person who can heal him or is ready to show him some other kindness, Mt 4:24; Mt 8:16; Mt 9:2, Mt 9:32; Mt 14:35; Mt 17:16; Mk 2:4 (namely, τινα) T WH Tr marginal reading; 10:13; Lk 18:15; passive, in Mt 12:22 (where L WH text act.); R G T; ; — one to a person who is to judge him: Lk 23:14; τινα ἐπί τάς συναγωγάς καί τάς ἀρχάς, Lk 12:11 (Winers Grammar, § 52, 3) (where T Tr text WH εἰσφέρωσιν). προσφέρω τί, to bring br present a thing, Mt 25:20; τί τίνι, to reach or hand a thing to one, Mt 22:19; Lk 23:36 (here A. V. offering); τί τῷ στόματι τίνος, to put to, Jn 19:29; a thing to one that he may accept it, to offer: χρήματα, Acts 8:18; δῶρα, Mt 2:11; used, as often in the Sept., of persons offering sacrifices, gifts, prayers to God (cf. Kurtz, Brief a. d. Hebrew, p. 154ff): τῷ Θεῷ σφάγια καί θυσίας, Acts 7:42; θυσίαν, Heb 11:4; λατρείαν, Jn 16:2; προσφέρειν δῶρον or δῶρα namely, τῷ Θεῷ, Mt 5:23, Mt 5:24; Mt 8:4; Heb 8:3, Heb 8:4; Heb 9:9; θυσίαν, Heb 10:12; plural, Heb 10:1, Heb 10:11; (passive, Heb 10:2; θυσίας (R G θυσίαν) καί προσφοράς (R G προσφοράν) καί ὁλοκαυτώματα καί περί ἁμαρτίας, ibid. 8); δῶρα τέ καί θυσίας ὑπέρ ἁμαρτιῶν, to expiate (see ὑπέρ, I. 4) sins, Heb 5:1; αἷμα ὑπέρ ἑαυτοῦ καί τῶν τοῦ λαοῦ ἀγνοημάτων, Heb 9:7; τήν προσφοράν ὑπέρ ἑνός ἑκάστου, passive, Acts 21:26; προσφέρειν used absolutely (cf. Winer's Grammar, 593 (552)): περί τίνος, on account of (see περί, the passage cited β.), Mk 1:44; Lk 5:14; περί τοῦ λαοῦ περί (R G ὑπέρ (see περί, the passage cited δ.)) ἁμαρτιῶν, to offer expiatory sacrifices for the people, Heb 5:3; τινα, namely, τῷ Θεῷ, to offer up, i. e. immolate, one, Heb 11:17; ἑαυτόν, of Christ, Heb 7:27 T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading; (Heb 9:14),Heb 9:25; προσενεχθείς (the passive pointing to the fact that what he suffered was due to God's will) ibid. 28 (it is hardly to be found in native Greek writings used of offering sacrifices; but in Josephus, Antiquities 3, 9, 3, we have ἄρνα καί ἔριφον); πρός τινα (God) δέησις τέ καί ἱκετηρίας, Heb 5:7 (προσφέρειν δέησιν, Achilles Tatius 7, 1; τῷ Θεῷ εὐχήν, Josephus, b. j. 3, 8, 3).
2. The passive with the dative signifies to be borne toward one, to attack, assail; then figuratively, to behave oneself toward one, deal with one: ὡς υἱοῖς ὑμῖν προσφέρεται ὁ Θεός, Heb 12:7 (very often so in Attic writings from Thucydides and Xenophon down; Philo de Josepho § 10; de ebrietate § 16; Josephus, b. j. 7, 8, 1; Aelian v. h. 12, 27; Herodian, 1, 13, 14 (7 edition, Bekker)).
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 4 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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