παροργισμός

θυμός thymós · G2372 · anger, fury, wrath

Greek noun denoting passionate anger or wrath, often used synonymously with ὀργή-family terms but as a distinct lexeme. Both refer to intense anger, though θυμός may emphasize the passionate/explosive aspect while παροργισμός emphasizes provocation.

μακροθυμία makrothymía · G3115 · patience

Greek noun denoting patience or forbearance, the opposite disposition to rage or provoked anger. Where παροργισμός describes being stirred to anger, μακροθυμία describes restraint from anger.

πραΰτης praÿtēs · G4240 · gentleness, meekness, mildness

Greek noun denoting gentleness or meekness, the opposite temperament to rage. Where παροργισμός involves violent passion, πραΰτης involves calm and gentle disposition.

קֶצֶף qetseph · H7110 · anger, wrath, splinter

Hebrew noun denoting wrath or anger, a standard translation equivalent for Greek anger terms including παροργισμός. Used frequently in contexts of divine or human provoked anger.

כַּעַס kaʻaç · H3708 · vexation, grief, anger

Hebrew noun denoting anger or vexation, particularly anger that is provoked or stirred up, making it a close semantic match for παροργισμός which emphasizes provoked rage.

חֵמָה chêmâh · H2534 · poison, venom, aggression

Hebrew noun for hot anger or fury, often used to translate Greek anger terminology. The emphasis on heated passion corresponds well to the intensity implied in παροργισμός.

Anger, being provoked88.176

παροργισμός names a settled state of anger held onto over time, as Paul instructs believers not to let anger persist: “BE ANGRY, AND YET DO NOT SIN; do not let the sun go down on your anger.” (Ephesians 4:26)

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.