ἐκ
ek · G1537 · Greek · 914 occurrences
Meanings
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from, out from, out of
Extension from an area or space, usually with the implication of removal out of a delimited area
ExamplesMatthew 2:15 He stayed there until the death of Herod; this happened so that what had been spoken by the Lord through the prophet would be fulfilled: “OUT OF EGYPT I CALLED MY SON.”
Matthew 7:4 “Or how can you say to your brother, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ and look, the log is in your own eye?
Matthew 7:5 “You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother’s eye!
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because of
A marker of cause or reason, with focus upon the source
ExamplesJohn 4:6 and Jacob’s well was there. So Jesus, tired from His journey, was just sitting by the well. It was about the sixth hour.
John 6:66 As a result of this many of His disciples left, and would no longer walk with Him.
John 19:12 As a result of this, Pilate made efforts to release Him; but the Jews shouted, saying, “If you release this Man, you are not a friend of Caesar; everyone who makes himself out to be a king opposes Caesar!”
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by means of, from
A marker of means as constituting a source
ExamplesMatthew 12:37 “For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”
Luke 8:3 and Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod’s steward, and Susanna, and many others who were contributing to their support out of their private means.
Luke 15:16 “And he longed to have his fill of the carob pods that the pigs were eating, and no one was giving him anything.
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by, as a result of
(With the genitive) A marker of instrument, with the added implication of result
ExamplesJohn 1:13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of a man, but of God.
1 Thessalonians 2:3 For our exhortation does not come from error or impurity or by way of deceit;
Revelation 3:18 I advise you to buy from Me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and white garments so that you may clothe yourself and the shame of your nakedness will not be revealed; and eye salve to apply to your eyes so that you may see.
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with, from
A marker of manner, often with the implication of source
Examples2 Corinthians 2:4 For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote to you with many tears; not so that you would be made sorrowful, but that you might know the love which I have especially for you.
2 Corinthians 2:17 For we are not like the many, peddling the word of God, but as from sincerity, but as from God, we speak in Christ in the sight of God.
2 Corinthians 9:7 Each one must do just as he has decided in his heart, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.
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from, by
(With the genitive) A marker of the source of an activity or state, with the implication of something proceeding from or out of the source
ExamplesMatthew 1:18 Now the birth of Jesus the Messiah was as follows: when His mother Mary had been betrothed to Joseph, before they came together she was found to be pregnant by the Holy Spirit.
Matthew 1:20 But when he had thought this over, behold, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream, saying, “Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife; for the Child who has been conceived in her is of the Holy Spirit.
Matthew 3:9 and do not assume that you can say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father’; for I tell you that God is able, from these stones, to raise up children for Abraham.
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from, free from, apart from, independent of
A marker of dissociation in the sense of being independent from someone or something
ExamplesMatthew 17:9 When they were coming down from the mountain, Jesus commanded them, saying, “Tell the vision to no one until the Son of Man has risen from the dead.”
Mark 6:14 And King Herod heard about it, for His name had become well known; and people were saying, “John the Baptist has risen from the dead, and that is why these miraculous powers are at work in Him.”
Mark 9:9 As they were coming down from the mountain, He gave them orders not to relate to anyone what they had seen, until the Son of Man rose from the dead.
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from
A marker of the source from which someone or something is physically or psychologically derived
ExamplesMatthew 1:3 Judah fathered Perez and Zerah by Tamar, Perez fathered Hezron, and Hezron fathered Ram.
Matthew 1:5 Salmon fathered Boaz by Rahab, Boaz fathered Obed by Ruth, and Obed fathered Jesse.
Matthew 1:6 Jesse fathered David the king. David fathered Solomon by her who had been the wife of Uriah.
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one of, one among, a part of
A marker of a part of a whole, whether consisting of countables or of mass
ExamplesMatthew 6:27 “And which of you by worrying can add a single day to his life’s span?
Matthew 7:9 “Or what person is there among you who, when his son asks for a loaf of bread, will give him a stone?
Matthew 10:29 “Are two sparrows not sold for an assarion? And yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from your Father.
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from
A marker of the aspect of cessation
ExamplesJohn 12:27 “Now My soul has become troubled; and what am I to say? ‘Father, save Me from this hour’? But for this purpose I came to this hour.
Acts 7:10 and rescued him from all his afflictions, and granted him favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he made him governor over Egypt and his entire household.
Romans 11:15 For if their rejection proves to be the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead?
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when, at the time of
A marker of a point of time which is simultaneous to or overlaps with another point of time
ExamplesMark 14:72 And immediately a rooster crowed a second time. And Peter remembered how Jesus had made the remark to him, “Before a rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times.” And he hurried on and began to weep.
Hebrews 9:28 so Christ also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time for salvation without reference to sin, to those who eagerly await Him.
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since, from
A marker of the extent of time from a point in the past
ExamplesMatthew 19:12 “For there are eunuchs who were born that way from their mother’s womb; and there are eunuchs who were made eunuchs by people; and there are also eunuchs who made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. The one who is able to accept this, let him accept it.”
Mark 9:21 And He asked his father, “How long has this been happening to him?” And he said, “From childhood.
Mark 10:20 And he said to Him, “Teacher, I have kept all these things from my youth.”
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with, by means of
A marker of price
ExamplesMatthew 20:2 “When he had agreed with the laborers for a denarius for the day, he sent them into his vineyard.
Matthew 27:7 And they conferred together and with the money bought the Potter’s Field as a burial place for strangers.
Acts 1:18 (Now this man acquired a field with the price of his wickedness, and falling headlong, he burst open in the middle and all his intestines gushed out.
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of, consisting of, out of, made of
A marker of the substance of which something consists or out of which it is made
ExamplesMatthew 27:29 And after twisting together a crown of thorns, they put it on His head, and put a reed in His right hand; and they knelt down before Him and mocked Him, saying, “Hail, King of the Jews!”
John 2:15 And He made a whip of cords, and drove them all out of the temple area, with the sheep and the oxen; and He poured out the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables;
John 9:6 When He had said this, He spit on the ground, and made mud from the saliva, and applied the mud to his eyes,
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to sit on the right side of, to be granted high position
(An idiom, literally: to sit on the right side of) To be in a position of high status
ExamplesMatthew 20:21 And He said to her, “What do you desire?” She said to Him, “Say that in Your kingdom these two sons of mine shall sit, one at Your right, and one at Your left.”
Matthew 20:23 He said to them, “My cup you shall drink; but to sit at My right and at My left is not Mine to give, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by My Father.”
Matthew 22:44 ‘THE LORD SAID TO MY LORD, “SIT AT MY RIGHT HAND, UNTIL I PUT YOUR ENEMIES UNDER YOUR FEET”’?
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being part of, as a part of, in part, partially
(An idiom, literally: from a part) The state of being part of something
Examples1 Corinthians 12:27 Now you are Christ’s body, and individually parts of it.
1 Corinthians 13:9 For we know in part and prophesy in part;
1 Corinthians 13:10 but when the perfect comes, the partial will be done away with.
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sparingly, in a limited way
(An idiom, literally: from measure) A scalar point marking considerable limitation in the extent of some activity
ExamplesJohn 3:34 “For He whom God sent speaks the words of God; for He does not give the Spirit sparingly.
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exceedingly, extremely, decidedly, excessively
(An idiom, literally: from excess) An extremely high point on a scale of extent and implying excess
ExamplesMark 6:51 Then He got into the boat with them, and the wind stopped; and they were utterly astonished,
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since all time, from all ages past, from the beginning of time
An exceedingly long period of time from an assumed beginning up to the present
ExamplesJohn 9:32 “Since the beginning of time it has never been heard that anyone opened the eyes of a person born blind.
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completely, entirely, exclusively a matter of
(An idiomatic frame, literally: from … to …) A degree of totality emphasizing exclusiveness or the elimination of other possibilities
ExamplesLuke 17:24 “For just like the lightning, when it flashes out of one part of the sky, shines to the other part of the sky, so will the Son of Man be in His day.
Romans 1:17 For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written: “BUT THE RIGHTEOUS ONE WILL LIVE BY FAITH.”
2 Corinthians 2:16 to the one an aroma from death to death, to the other an aroma from life to life. And who is adequate for these things?
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to be given somewhat less high status, to sit on the left side of
(An idiom, literally: to sit on the left side of) To be in a position of high status, but less than in the case of the right side (compare sense 15)
ExamplesMatthew 20:23 He said to them, “My cup you shall drink; but to sit at My right and at My left is not Mine to give, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared by My Father.”
Mark 10:37 They said to Him, “Grant that we may sit, one on Your right and one on Your left, in Your glory.”
Mark 10:40 “But to sit on My right or on My left is not Mine to give; but it is for those for whom it has been prepared.”
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opposite, in front of, before, across from, in the presence of
A position over against an object or other position
ExamplesMark 15:39 And when the centurion, who was standing right in front of Him, saw that He died in this way, he said, “Truly this Man was the Son of God!”
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hostile, one who is hostile
Pertaining to being hostile toward
ExamplesTitus 2:8 sound in speech which is beyond reproach, so that the opponent will be put to shame, having nothing bad to say about us.
How it’s used
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- ἀπό apó · G575 · from, separated from, by
- Both prepositions mark source, origin, or separation, with ἐκ emphasizing emergence from within or out of an interior space, while ἀπό emphasizes departure from proximity or surface contact. In many contexts describing temporal origin, material composition, or causal agency, they function as near-interchangeable markers of the same fundamental relationship.
In the other Testament 1 word
- מִן min · H4480 · from, out of
- Both ἐκ (ek, G1537) and מִן (min, H4480) are primary prepositions expressing source, origin and separation, covering spatial motion "out of" or "from," temporal relationships "since" or "from (a point in time)," and causal or abstract senses such as "because of" or "by means of." מִן serves as the standard Septuagint counterpart of ἐκ across this range, which also includes partitive ("one of, a part of") and material ("of, consisting of") uses.
Semantic domains 23 entries
- Hostile, one who is hostile39.6
- Used in John 15:19, where Jesus tells the disciples that because they are not of the world, but He chose them out of the world, the world hates them, marking a relationship of opposition arising from separation.
- With, by means of57.163
- Used in Luke 16:9, where Jesus instructs His hearers to make friends for themselves by means of the wealth of unrighteousness.
- Being part of, as a part of, in part, partially63.15
- Used in John 16:17, where some of Jesus' disciples said to one another, questioning what He meant by His words about going to the Father.
- One of, one among, a part of63.20
- Used in Matthew 26:21, where Jesus tells the disciples at the table that one of them will betray Him.
- Since, from67.131
- Used in John 9:1, of a man who had been blind from birth, marking the starting point of a continuing condition.
- Since all time, from all ages past, from the beginning of time67.133
- Used in John 9:32, where it is said that since the beginning of time it has never been heard that anyone opened the eyes of a person born blind.
- When, at the time of67.33
- Used in John 4:6, where Jesus, tired from His journey, sat down at the well, marking the point in time from which His weariness arose.
- From68.54
- Used in Romans 11:36, in the doxology declaring that from Him, and through Him, and to Him are all things.
- Sparingly, in a limited way78.12
- Used in 2 Corinthians 8:13, where Paul clarifies that his instruction about giving is not meant to relieve others while leaving the Corinthians in hardship, but to establish equality.
- Exceedingly, extremely, decidedly, excessively78.20
- Used in Mark 6:51, where after Jesus calmed the storm the disciples were utterly astonished, the intensifying force of the phrase marking the extreme degree of their amazement.
- Completely, entirely, exclusively a matter of78.48
- Used in Romans 11:36, where the declaration that all things are from Him, through Him, and to Him expresses a totality that admits no exception.
- Opposite, in front of, before, across from, in the presence of83.42
- Used in Revelation 9:18, where a third of mankind was killed by the plagues that came out of the mouths of the horses, describing the point from which the destructive fire, smoke, and brimstone proceeded and were directed.
- From, out from, out of84.4
- Used in John 1:44, where Philip is identified as being from Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter, marking a place of origin.
- To sit on the right side of, to be granted high position87.34
- Used in Matthew 20:21, where the mother of James and John asks that her sons sit one at Jesus' right and one at His left in His kingdom.
- To be given somewhat less high status, to sit on the left side of87.35
- Used in Matthew 25:33, where the Son of Man will put the sheep on His right but the goats on the left, the left-hand position marking the lesser status.
- From, free from, apart from, independent of89.121
- Used in Romans 7:24, where Paul cries out asking who will set him free from the body of this death.
- Of, consisting of, out of, made of89.142
- Used in John 19:23, where the soldiers divided Jesus' outer garments into parts, but His tunic was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.
- Because of89.25
- Used in John 6:66, where as a result of Jesus' hard teaching many of His disciples left and would no longer walk with Him.
- From89.3
- Used in John 3:31, where He who comes from above is above all, and the one who is only from the earth is of the earth and speaks of the earth.
- By means of, from89.77
- Used in Romans 1:17, in the quotation that the righteous one will live by faith, expressing the means by which righteous life proceeds.
- With, from89.85
- Used in Luke 11:13, where the heavenly Father gives the Holy Spirit from Himself to those who ask Him, describing the source from which the gift comes.
- By, as a result of90.12
- Used in Romans 5:16, where the judgment arose from one offense resulting in condemnation, marking the offense as the originating cause.
- From, by90.16
- Used in Galatians 4:4, where God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the Law, marking the woman as the one from whom He was born.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon before a vowel ἐξ, a preposition governing the genitive. Also, it denotes exit or…
I. of place, and
1. universally, of the place from which; from a surrounding or enclosing place, from the interior of: ἄρτος, ἄγγελος, φῶς ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, Jn 6:31; Acts 9:3 (here R G ἀπό); Gal 1:8; ἀνατολή, δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους, Lk 1:78; Lk 24:49; especially after verbs of going, fleeing, leading, calling, freeing, removing, releasing, etc.: ἥκειν ἐκ τῆς Ἰουδαίας εἰς τήν Γαλιλαίαν, Jn 4:47; ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐκ τίνος out of the body of one (spoken of demons), Mk 1:25; Mk 5:8 (here L marginal reading ἀπό); ; of power emanating from the body, Mk 5:30 (cf. Buttmann, 301 (258); Winer's Grammar, 346 (324); Meyer edition Weiss at the passage); ἐκ τῶν μνημείων, Mt 8:28; Mt 27:53; ἐκπορεύεσθαι, Mt 15:11, Mt 15:18f; καταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Mt 28:2; Jn 1:32; Jn 3:13; Jn 6:33; ἐξάγειν, Acts 12:17; φεύγειν, Acts 27:30; καλεῖν, Mt 2:15; metaphorically, ἐκ τοῦ σκότους εἰς τό φῶς, 1 Pet 2:9; ἐκβάλλειν τό κάρφος ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ, (Mt 7:4 (R G ἀπό)), 5; Lk 6:42 (opposed to ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ); τί ἐκ τοῦ θησαυροῦ, Mt 12:35 (but see under II. 9 below); ; τό δαιμόνιον ἐκ τίνος, out of the body of one, Mk 7:26; ἀποκυλίειν τόν λίθον ἐκ (L Tr text ἀπό; cf. Winer's Grammar, 364 (342) note) τῆς θύρας, Mk 16:3; αἴρειν, Jn 20:1f; κινέω, Rev 6:14; σῴζειν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, Jude 1:5; διασώζειν ἐκ τῆς θαλάσσης, Acts 28:4. Metaph, ἐκ τῆς χειρός τίνος, out of the power of one (cf. Buttmann, 182 (158)): after ἐξέρχεσθαι, Jn 10:39; after ἀπάγειν, Acts 24:7 (Rec.); after ἁρπάζειν, Jn 10:28f; after ἐξαιρεῖσθαί, Acts 12:11; after ῤύεσθαι, Lk 1:74; after σωτηρία, Lk 1:71. after πίνειν, of the thing out of which one drinks (differently in II. 9 below): ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου, Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23; 1 Cor 11:28; ἐκ πέτρας, 1 Cor 10:4; ἐκ τοῦ φρέατος, Jn 4:12; after ἐσθίειν, of the place whence the food is derived, ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ, 1 Cor 9:13 (but T Tr WH read τά ἐκ κτλ.). of the place forth from which one does something: διδάσκειν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου, Lk 5:3 (here Tdf. ἐν etc.). It is joined also to nouns designating not a place, but what is done in a place: ἐγείρεσθαι ἐκ τοῦ δείπνου, Jn 13:4; ἀναλύειν ἐκ τῶν γάμων, Lk 12:36.
2. from the midst (of a group, number, company, community) of many;
a. after verbs of going, leading, choosing, removing, etc.
a. before collective nouns, as ἐξολεθρεύω ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ, Acts 3:23; προβιβάζω or συμβιβάζω ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου, Acts 19:33; ἐκλέγειν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου, Jn 15:19. μέσου τινων ἀφορίζειν, Mt 13:49; ἐξέρχεσθαι, Acts 17:33; ἁρπάζειν, Acts 23:10; ἐξαίρειν, 1 Cor 5:13; πάσης φυλῆς καί γλώσσης ἀγοράζειν, Rev 5:9; ἐκ παντός γένους συνάγειν, Mt 13:47. β. before plurals: ἀνισταναι τινα ἐκ τινων, Acts 3:22; ἐκ νεκρῶν, Acts 17:31; ἀνίσταται τίς ἐκ νεκρῶν, Acts 10:41; Acts 17:3; ἐγείρειν τινα ἐκ νεκρῶν, Jn 12:1, Jn 12:9, Jn 12:17; Acts 3:15; Acts 4:10; Acts 13:30; Heb 11:19, etc.; ἡ ἀνάστασις ἐκ νεκρῶν, Lk 20:35; 1 Pet 1:3; ἀνάγειν τινα ἐκ νεκρῶν, Rom 10:7; ἐκλέγειν, Acts 1:24; Acts 15:22; καλεῖν, Rom 9:24; ἐγένετο ζήτησις ἐκ τῶν etc. Jn 3:25 (but cf. II. 1 b.; Winers Grammar, 368 (345)).
b. before words signifying quantity: after εἰς, as Mt 10:29; Mt 26:21; Lk 17:15, and often; πολλοί, Jn 11:19, Jn 11:45, etc.; οἱ πλείους (πλείονες), 1 Cor 15:6; οὐδείς, Jn 7:19; Jn 16:5, and elsewhere; χιλιάδες ἐκ πάσης φυλῆς, Rev 7:4; after the indefinite τίς, Lk 11:15; Lk 12:13; Jn 6:64; Jn 7:48; τίς γυνή ἐκ τοῦ ὄχλου, Lk 11:27; with τινες to be added mentally (cf. Winers Grammar, 203 (191); Buttmann, 158 (138)): Jn 9:40 ((?) better, ); ; Rev 11:9, (1 Esdr. 5:45 (44)); τινας: Mt 23:34; Lk 11:49; Lk 21:16; 2 Jn 1:4; Rev 2:10; cf. Fritzsche, Conjectanea in N. T., p. 36 note; after the intertog. τίς, who? Mt 6:27; Lk 11:5, etc.; τίς πατήρ, Lk 11:11 (L T Tr WH); preceded by a generic noun: ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τῶν etc. Jn 3:1.
c. εἶναι ἐκ τινων, to be of the number, company, fellowship, etc., of; see εἰμί, V. 3 a.
3. from a local surfacc, as sometimes the Latinex forde; down from: καταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ ὄρους (Homer II. 13, 17; Xenophon, an. 7, 4, 12; the Sept. Ex 19:14; Ex 32:1; Deut 9:15; Deut 10:5; Josh 2:23), Mt 17:9 (for the more common ἀπό τοῦ ὄρους of Rec. and the parallel passage Mk 9:9 (here L WH text Tr marginal reading ἐκ); Lk 9:37; (cf. Mt 8:1)); θρίξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀπόλλυται (unless we prefer to regard ἐκ as prompted here by the conception of the hair as fixed in the skin), Lk 21:18; Acts 27:34 (here L T Tr WH ἀπό; cf. Winer's Grammar, 364 (342) note); ἐκπίπτειν ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν, of the chains with which the hands had been bound, Acts 12:7; κρέμασθαι ἐκ τίνος, Acts 28:4, (1 Macc. 1:61; 2 Macc. 6:10; so the Greeks from Homer down); φαγεῖν ἐκ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου, the things laid upon the altar, Heb 13:10. Akin to this is ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ, from an abode with God (for the more usual ἀπό τοῦ Θεοῦ), Jn 8:42.
4. of the direction whence; ἐκ δεξιῶν, Latina dextra, literally, from i. e. (German zu) on the right, see δεξιός; so ἐκ δεξιᾶς, ἐξ ἀριστερᾶς, namely, χώρας (or χειρός which is sometimes expressed; Winers Grammar, 592 cf. 591; Buttmann, 82 (72)) (also in Greek writ, as Xenophon, Cyril 8, 5, 15); ἐξ ἐναντίας, over against, Mk 15:39 (Herodotus 8, 6; Sir. 37:9; 1 Macc. 4:34; Wis. 4:20); metaphorically (Winer's Grammar, § 51, 1 d.) ὁ ἐξ ἐναντίας (A. V. he that is of the contrary part), our opponent, adversary," Tit 2:8; ἐκ ῤιζῶν, from the roots, i. e. utterly, Mk 11:20 (Job 28:9; Job 31:12).
5. of the conditon or state out of which one comes or is brought: σῴζειν ἐκ θανάτου Heb 5:7; Jas 5:20; ἔρχεσθαι ἐκ (Lachmann ἀπό) θλίψεως, Rev 7:14; μεταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ θανάτου εἰς τήν ζωήν, Jn 5:24; 1 Jn 3:14; ἐγερθῆναι ἐξ ὕπνου, Rom 13:11 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 366 (344) note); ζῶντες ἐκ νεκρῶν, alive from being dead (i. e. who had been dead and were alive again), Rom 6:13; ζωή ἐκ νεκρῶν, i. e. of those that had been νεκροί, Rom 11:15 (ἐλεύθερος ἐκ δούλου καί πλούσιος ἐκ πτωχοῦ γεγονώς, Demosthenes, p. 270 at the end ἐκ πλουσίου πένητα γενέσθαι καί ἐκ βασιλέως ἰδιωτην φανῆναι, Xenophon, an. 7, 7, 28; γίγνομαι τυφλός ἐκ dedorkotos, Sophocles O. T. 454; ἔλαφον ἐξ ἀνδρός γενέσθαι, Palaeph. 3, 2; add, Lysias, adv. Ergocl. at the beginning; Tacitus, ann. 1, 74ex pauperibus divites, ex contemtis metuendi). Also of the state out of the midst of which one does something: ἐκ πολλῆς θλψεως γράφειν, 2 Cor 2:4.
6. of any kind of separation or dissolution of connection with a thing or person (cf. Buttmann, 157 (138)): ἀναπαύεσθαι ἐκ (released from) τῶν κόπων, Rev 14:13; ἀνανήφειν ἐκ (set free from) τῆς τοῦ διαβόλου παγίδος, 2 Tim 2:26; μετανοῶν ἐκ etc. Rev 2:21; Rev 9:20; Rev 16:11;ἐπιστρέφειν (L T Tr WH ὑψτρέφειν) ἐκ ((L ἀπό), by severing their connection with) τῆς ἐντολῆς, 2 Pet 2:21; τηρεῖν τινα ἐκ etc. to keep one at a distance from etc. (cf. Buttmann, 327 (281)), Jn 17:15; Rev 3:10; also διατήρειν, Acts 15:29 νικαν ἐκ τίνος, by conquest to free oneself from the power of one (cf. Buttmann, 147 (128); Winer's Grammar, 367 (344)), Rev 15:2; ὑψουσθαι ἐκ τῆς γῆς, to be so lifted up as to dissolve present relations to the earth (`taken out of the sphere of earthly action' Westcott), Jn 12:32; ἐλεύθερος ἐκ πάντων (elsewhere always ἀπό τίνος), 1 Cor 9:19.
7. Hebraistically: ἐκδίκειν τό αἷμα τίνος ἐκ χειρός τίνος (מִיָּד דָּם נִקַּם, 2 Kgs 9:7), to avenge the blood (murder) of one at the hand of (on) the slayer, Rev 19:2 (Buttmann, 182 (158)); κρίνειν τό κρίμα τίνος ἐκ τίνος, to judge one's judgment on one, vindicate by vengeance on (cf. Buttmann, as above), Rev 18:20 (cf. the Sept. Psalm 118:84.
II. of the origin, source, cause;
1. of generation, birth, race, lineage, nativity;
a. after verbs of begetting, being born, etc.: ἐν γαστρί ἔχειν ἐκ τίνος, Mt 1:18, cf. Mt 1:20; κοίτην ἔχειν ἐκ τ., Rom 9:10; γενναν τινα ἐκ with the genitive of the woman, Mt 1:3, Mt 1:5f, 16; γίνεσθαι ἐκ γυναικός to be born of a woman, Gal 4:4 cf. Gal 4:22f; γέννασθαι ἐξ αἱμάτων, ἐκ θελήματος σαρκός, Jn 1:13; ἐκ τῆς σαρκός, Jn 3:6; ἐκ πορνείας, Jn 8:41; ἐγείρειν τίνι τέκνα ἐκ, Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8; (τίς) ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ, Acts 2:30 (Psalm 131:11); ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία, Rom 2:27. In a supernatural sense: τό πνεῦμα τό ἐκ Θεοῦ SC. ὄν, from the divine nature (cf. Winer's Grammar, 193 (182)), 1 Cor 2:12 cf. Rev 2:11; men are said γέννασθαι ἐκ πνεύματος, Jn 3:5f, 8; γεγεννήμενοι εἶναι ἐκ Θεοῦ (see γεννάω 2 d.), and to the same purport εἶναι ἐκ Θεοῦ, 1 Jn 4:4, 1 Jn 4:6; 1 Jn 5:19 (see εἰμί, V. 3 d. (and cf. 7 below)).
b. εἶναι, γενέσθαι, ἔρχεσθαι, etc., ἐκ with the name of the city, race, people, tribe, family, etc., to spring or originate from, come from: ἐκ Ναζαρέτ εἶναι, Jn 1:46 (47); ἐκ πόλεως, Jn 1:44 (45); ἐξ ὧν, namely, πατέρων (?), Rom 9:5; ἐξ οἴκου τίνος, Lk 1:27; Lk 2:4; ἐκ γένους, Phm 3:5; Acts 4:6; Ἑβραῖος ἐξ Ἑβραίων, Phm 3:5; ἐκ φυλῆς, Lk 2:36; Acts 13:21; Rom 11:1; ἐξ Ιουδα, Heb 7:14; ἐκ σπέρματος τίνος, Jn 7:42; Rom 1:3; Rom 11:1; without a verb: ἐξ ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοί, sinners of Gentile birth, Gal 2:15; of the country to which anyone belongs: εἶναι ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας Ἡρῴδου, Lk 23:7; ἐξ ἐπαρχίας, Acts 23:34; ὁ ὤν ἐκ τῆς γῆς, Jn 3:31.
2. of any other kind of origin: καπνός ἐκ τῆς δόξης τοῦ Θεοῦ, Rev 15:8; ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστι, comes from the Jews, Jn 4:22; εἶναι ἐκ τίνος, to proceed from anyone as the author, Mt 5:37; Jn 7:17, Jn 7:22; Rom 2:29; 2 Cor 4:7; 1 Jn 2:16, 1 Jn 2:21, etc.; with ἐστιν to be mentally supplied: Rom 11:36; 1 Cor 8:6 (see εἰς, B. II. 3 c. a.) 1 Cor 11:12; 2 Cor 3:5; 2 Cor 5:18; Gal 5:8; ἔργα ἐκ τοῦ πατρός μου, works of which my father is the author, i. e. which I, endued with my father's power, have wrought, Jn 10:32; οἰκοδομή ἐκ Θεοῦ, whose author is God, 2 Cor 5:1; χάρισμα, 1 Cor 7:7; δεδομένον ἐκ τοῦ πατρός, Jn 6:65; add, Jn 18:3; 1 Cor 7:7. ἡ ἐκ Θεοῦ δικαιοσύνη, that comes from God, i. e. is adjudged by him, Phm 3:9; ἡ ἐξ ὑμῶν ἐν ἡμῖν (WH text ἡμῖν ἐν ὑμῖν ἀγάπη, love preceding from you and taking up its abode in us, i. e. your love the influence of which we feel (Winers Grammar, 193 (181f); Buttmann, 157 (137)), 2 Cor 8:7; ὁ ἐξ ὑμῶν ζῆλος, your zeal, 2 Cor 9:2 (R G; cf. Winers Grammar, as above note; Buttmann, as above); βλασφημία ἐκ τίνος, calumny from, i. e. disseminated by, Rev 2:9 (not Rec.); εἶναι ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, ἐξ ἀνθρώπων see εἰμί, V. 3 c.; with the suggested idea of a nature and disposition derived from one's origin: οὐκ ἐστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, is not of earthly origin nor of earthly nature, Jn 18:36; ἐκ τῆς γῆς ἐστιν, is of an earthly nature, Jn 3:31; ἐκ τῆς γῆς λαλεῖν, to speak as an earthly origin prompts, ibid.; human virtues are said to be from God, as having their prototype in God and being wrought in the soul by his power, ἡ ἀγάπη ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν, 1 Jn 4:7.
3. of the material out of which a thing is made, etc.: ἡ γυνή ἐκ τοῦ ἀνδρός, from one of his ribs, 1 Cor 11:12; στέφανον ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, Mt 27:29; Jn 19:2; add, Jn 2:15; Jn 9:6; Rom 9:21; 1 Cor 15:47; Rev 18:12; Rev 21:21.
4. Its use to note the price is related, because the money is as it were, changed into that which is bought (the simple genitive of price is more common, cf. Winers Grammar, 206 (194); (Buttmann, § 132, 13)): ἀγοράζειν τί ἐκ τίνος, Mt 27:7 (Baruch 6 (i. e., epistle of Jeremiah); Mt 27:24); κτᾶσθαι ἐκ, Acts 1:18 (ὠνεῖσθαι ἐκ, Palaeph. 46, 3f); συμφώνειν ἐκ δηναρίου (because the agreement comes from the promised denary (cf. Winers Grammar, 368 (345); Buttmann, as above)), Mt 20:2. Cognate to this is the phrase ποιεῖν ἑαυτῷ φίλους ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾷ Lk 16:9.
5. especially after neuter and passive verbs, ἐκ is used of the cause (whether thing or person) by which the act expressed by the accompanying verb is aided, sustained, effected: ὠφελεῖσθαι ἐκ τίνος, Mt 15:5; Mk 7:11; ζημιουσθαι, 2 Cor 7:9; λυπεῖσθαι, 2 Cor 2:2; especially in the Apocalypse: ἀδικεῖσθαι, Rev 2:11; ἀποθανεῖν, Rev 8:11; (ἀποκτείνεσθαι), Rev 9:18; φωτίζεσθαι, Rev 18:1; σκοτίζεσθαι (L T WH σκοτουσθαι), Rev 9:2; πυροῦσθαι, Rev 3:18; γεμίζεσθαι Rev 15:8 (cf. Isa 6:4); Jn 6:13; γέμειν, Mt 23:25 (where L omits; Tr brackets ἐξ); πληροῦσθαι, Jn 12:3 (Treg. margin ἐπλήσθη); χορτάζεσθαι, Rev 19:21; πλουτεῖν, Rev 18:3, Rev 18:19; μεθύσκεσθαι, μεθύειν Rev 17:2, Rev 17:6 (not Treg. margin); ζῆν ἐκ, Rom 1:17; 1 Cor 9:14; Gal 3:11; αὔξησιν ποιεῖσθαι, Eph 4:16; Col 2:19; τελειουσθαι, Jas 2:22; κεκοπιακώς, Jn 4:6 (Aelian v. h. 3, 23 ἐκ τοῦ πότου ἐκάθευδεν). Also after active verbs: γεμίζειν, Jn 6:13; Rev 8:5; ποτίζειν, Rev 14:8; (on ἐκ with the genitive after verbs of fullness, cf. Buttmann, 163 (142f); Winer's Grammar, 201 (189)).
6. of that on which a thing depends, or from which it results: οὐκ ἐστιν ἡ ζωή ἐκ τῶν ὑπαρχόντων, does not depend upon possessions, i. e. possessions cannot secure life, Lk 12:15; εὐπορία ἡμῶν ἐστι ἐκ τῆς ἐργασίας ταύτης, Acts 19:25; τό ἐξ ὑμῶν, as far as depends on you, Rom 12:18; in the Pauline phrases δίκαιος, δικαιοσύνη, δικαιοῦν ἐκ πίστεως, ἐξ ἔργων, see (the several words, especially), p. 150; ἐξ (as the result of, in consequence of) ἔργων λαβεῖν τό πνεῦμα, Gal 3:2, Gal 3:5; ἐξ ἀναστάσεως λαβεῖν τούς νεκρούς, Heb 11:35; ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας, 2 Cor 13:4; add, Rom 11:6; Gal 3:18, Gal 3:21; Eph 2:8f.
7. of the power on which anyone depends, by which he is prompted and governed, whose character he reflects: ἐκ Θεοῦ (equivalent to θεοπνευστον) λαλεῖν, 2 Cor 2:17; in the Johannine expressions, εἶναι ἐκ Θεοῦ, Jn 8:47 (in a different sense above, II. 1 a.); ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου, ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ, ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου, see εἰμί, V. 3 d.; ἐκ τῆς ἀληθείας εἶναι, to be led by a desire to know the truth, be a lover of the truth, Jn 18:37; 1 Jn 3:19; οἱ ἐκ νόμου, the subjects of the law, Rom 4:14; οἱ ἐξ ἐριθείας equivalent to οἱ ἐριθευόμενοι (cf. ἐριθεία), Rom 2:8; ὁ ἐκ πίστεως equivalent to ὁ πιστεύων, Rom 3:26; Rom 4:16. εἶναι ἐκ τίνος also means to be bound to one, connected with him; to have relations with him; see εἰμί, V. 3 d.; hence, the periphrasis οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς, the circumcised: Acts 11:2; Rom 4:12; Gal 2:12; οἱ ὄντες ἐκ περιτομῆς, Col 4:11; οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς πιστοί, Jewish Christians, Acts 10:45.
8. of the cause for which: ἐκ τοῦ πόνου, for pain, Rev 16:10; of the reason for (because of) which: Rev 8:13; Rev 16:11; ἐκ τούτου, Jn 6:66; Jn 19:12; cf. Meyer on these passages (who urges that ἐκ τούτου used of time denotes the point of departure of a temporal series (Winers Grammar, 367 (344)): from this time on, thenceforth. This argument seems not to be decisive in the second example (Jn 19:12), for there the verb is in the imperfect. On the use of the phrase in classic Greek see Liddell and Scott, under the word ἐκ, II. 1; Krüger, § 68, 17, 7. Cf. our English upon this, hereupon, in which the temporal sense and the causal often seem to blend. See below, IV. 1 at the end).
9. of the supply out of (from) which a thing is taken, given, received, eaten, drunk, etc. (cf. Winers Grammar, § 30, 7 and 8; Buttmann, 159ff (139ff)): λαμβάνειν ἐκ, Jn 1:16; Jn 16:14f; διδόναι, διαδιδοναι, Mt 25:8; Jn 6:11; 1 Jn 4:13; ἐσθίειν, 1 Cor 9:7; 1 Cor 11:28; φαγεῖν, Jn 6:26, Jn 6:50; Rev 2:7; μετέχειν, 1 Cor 10:17 (but see μετέχω); πίνειν, Mt 26:29; Mk 14:25; Jn 4:13; Rev 14:10; Rev 18:3 (differently in I. 1 above); λαλεῖν ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων, Jn 8:44; ἐκ τοῦ περισσεύματος τῆς καρδίας, Mt 12:34; ἐκβάλλειν, Mt 12:35 (this belongs here only in case θησαυρός is taken in the sense of treasure not treasury (the contents as distinguished from the repository); cf. I. 1 above, and under the word θησαυρός); βάλλειν ἐκ (a part), Mk 12:44; Lk 21:4.
10. of that from which anything is obtained: συλλέγειν ἐξ ἀκανθῶν, τρυγᾶν ἐκ βάτου, Lk 6:44; θερίζειν ἐκ, Gal 6:8.
11. of the whole of which anything is a part: 1 Cor 12:15f (cf. Winer's Grammar, 368 (345)).
12. of the source;
a. universally: ἐξ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλάλησα, Jn 12:49 (οὐδέν ἐκ σαυτης λέγεις, Sophocles El. 344).
b. of the source of conduct, as to be found in the state of the soul, its feelings, virtues, vices, etc.: ἐκ καρδίας, Rom 6:17; ἐκ ψυχῆς, Eph 6:6; Col 3:23 (1 Macc. 8:27; ἐκ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀσπάζεσθαι, Xenophon, oec. 10, 4); ἐκ καθαρᾶς καρδίας, 1 Tim 1:5; 2 Tim 2:22; 1 Pet 1:22 (L T Tr WH omit; καθαρᾶς); ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας... ψυχῆς... διανοίας κτλ. Mk 12:30ff (Wis. 8:21; 4 Macc. 7:18); ἐκ πίστεως, Rom 14:23; ἐξ εἰλικρινείας, 2 Cor 2:17; ἐξ ἐριθείας, Phm 1:16 (17) (yet see ἐριθεία).
c. of the source of knowledge: κατηχεῖσθαι ἐκ, Rom 2:18; ἀκούειν ἐκ, Jn 12:34; γινώσκειν, Mt 12:33; Lk 6:44; 1 Jn 4:6; ἐποπτεύειν, 1 Pet 2:12. δεικνύναι, Jas 2:18; ὁρίζειν, to declare, prove to be, Rom 1:4 (cf. under the word ὁίρζω, 2 and Meyer at the passage).
13. of that from which a rule of judging or acting is derived; after, according to (cf. Winer's Grammar, 368 (345)): κρίνειν ἐκ, Lk 19:22 (A. V. out of thine own mouth, etc.); Rev 20:12 (Xenophon, Cyril 2, 2, 21 ἐκ τῶν ἔργων κρίνεσθαι); δικαιοῦν, καταδικάζειν, Mt 12:37; ὀνομάζειν ἐκ, Eph 3:15 (Homer, Iliad 10, 68; Sophocles O. T. 1036, etc.); ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν, according to your ability, 2 Cor 8:11.
III. By Attraction, common in classic Greek (cf. Winers Grammar, § 66, 6; (Buttmann, 377f (323))), two prepositions coalesce as it were into one, so that ἐκ seems to be used for ἐν, thus ἆραι τά ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ concisely for τά ἐν τῇ οἰκία αὐτοῦ ἐξ αὐτῆς, Mt 24:17; ὁ πατήρ ὁ ἐξ οὐρανοῦ δώσει for ὁ πατήρ ὁ ἐν οὐρανῷ δώσει ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Lk 11:13; τήν ἐκ Λαοδικείας ἀπιστολην for τήν εἰς Λαοδικείας γεγραμμένην καί ἐκ Λαοδικείας κομιστεαν, Col 4:16 (2 Macc. 3:18). (To this construction some would refer ἐπιγνούς ἐν ἑαυτῷ τήν ἐξ αὐτοῦ δύναμιν ἐξελθοῦσαν, Mk 5:30, resolving τήν ἐν αὐτῷ δύναμιν ἐξελθοῦσαν ἐξ αὐτοῦ; cf. Field, Otium Norvicense, pars 3 at the passage)
IV. of Time (Winer's Grammar, 367 (344));
1. of the (temporal) point from which; Latinex,indea; from, from... on, since: ἐκ χρόνων ἱκανῶν, Lk 8:27 (R G Tr marginal reading); ἐκ γενετῆς, Jn 9:1 (Homer, Iliad 24, 535; Odyssey 18, 6); ἐκ κοιλίας μητρός (see κολια, 4); ἐκ νεότητός, Mt 19:20 (R G); Mk 10:20; Lk 18:21; Acts 26:4 (Homer, Iliad 14, 86); ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος (see αἰών, 1 b.), Jn 9:32 (Aelian v. h. 6, 13; 12, 64 ἐξ αἰῶνος); ἐξ ἀρχῆς, Jn 6:64; Jn 16:4; ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων, Acts 15:21; ἐξ ἐτῶν ὀκτώ, Acts 9:33; ἐκ πολλῶν ἐτῶν, Acts 24:10; ἐξ αὐτῆς (namely, ὥρας), forthwith, instantly (see ἐξαυτῆς); ἐξ ἱκανοῦ ((namely, χρόνου); but L T Tr WH here ἐξ ἱκανῶν χρόνων), of a long time, Lk 23:8 (ἐκ πολλοῦ, Thucydides 1, 68; 2, 88); with an adverb: ἐκ παιδιόθεν, Mk 9:21 L T Tr WH (ἐκ πρωίθεν, 1 Macc. 10:80), cf. Winers Grammar, § 65, 2; (Buttmann, 70 (62)). Many interpreters translate ἐκ τούτου, Jn 6:66; Jn 19:12, from this time, but cf. II. 8 above.
2. of succession in time, a temporal series: ἐκ δευτέρου (as it were, proceeding from, beginning from the second), a second time (see δεύτερος); ἐκ τρίτου, Mt 26:44 (L Tr marginal reading brackets ἐκ τρίτου); ἡμέραν ἐξ ἡμέρας (diemexdie, Cicero, ad Att. 7, 26; Caesar b. g. 1, 16, 4;diemdedie, Livy 5, 48) from day to day, day after day, 2 Pet 2:8 (Gen 39:10; Num 30:15; (2 Chr 24:11); Sir. 5:7; Euripides, Rhes. 437 (445) etc.; ἔτος ἐξ ἔτους, Lev 25:50; ἐνιαυτόν ἐξ ἐνιαυτοῦ, Deut 15:20).
V. Adverbial phrases (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 51, 1d.), in which lies the idea
1. of direction whence: ἐξ ἐναντίας, cf. I. 4 above.
2. of source: ἐκ συμφώνου, by consent, by agreement, 1 Cor 7:5; ἐξ ἀνάγκης of necessity, i. e. by compulsion, 2 Cor 9:7; necessarily, Heb 7:12.
3. of the measure or standard: ἐκ μέρους, so that each is a part of the whole, proportionately (R. V. marginal reading each in his part), 1 Cor 12:27, cf. Meyer at the passage; in part, partly, 1 Cor 13:9ff; ἐκ μέτρου equivalent to μετρίως, by measure, moderately, sparingly, Jn 3:34; ἐξ ἰσότητος, by equality, in equal proportion, 2 Cor 8:13 (14) (ἐξ ἴσου, Herodotus 7, 135); ἐκ περισσοῦ, beyond measure, Mk 6:51 (WH omit; Tr. brackets).
VI. In Composition ἐκ denotes
1. egress ἐκβαίνω, ἐξέρχομαι.
2. emission, removal, separation: ἐκβάλλω, ἐκπέμπω, ἐξαιρέω.
3. origin: ἔκγονος.
4. publicity: ἐξαγγέλλω.
5. the unfolding, opening out, of something tied together or rolled up: ἐκτείνω, ἐκπετάννυμι.
6. is equivalent to utterly, entirely, παντελῶς (cf. English out and out), denoting completion and perfection: ἐκπληρόω, ἐκτελέω. Cf. Fritzsche on Matthew, p. 120f.
G1537 — ἐξ
, see ἐκ.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 19 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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