אֵת

H854. eth
II. אֵת, preposition with — with makkeph אֶתֿ, with suffix אִתְּכֶם אִתְּךָ, אִתִּי, etc. (also, however, אוֺתוֺ אוֺתְךָ,, and similarly מֵאוֺתוֺ מֵאוֺתְךָ, etc.), first in Jos 10:25; Jos 14:12, next 2Sa 24:24; then repeatedly (but not exclusively) 1 Kings 20 — 2 Kings 8, & in Jeremiah, Ezekiel, e.g. 1Ki 20:25 (but 1Ki 20:23 אִתָּם) 1Ki 22:7-8, 1Ki 22:24 (beside מֵאִתִּי) 2Ki 1:15; 2Ki 3:11-12, 2Ki 3:26; 2Ki 6:16 (beside מֵאִתּוֺ) 2Ki 8:8; Jer 2:35; Jer 10:5; Jer 16:8; Jer 19:10; Jer 20:11; Eze 2:6; Eze 10:17; Eze 23:23; Eze 37:26 (see below 1d; also Isa 59:21, contr. Gen 17:4: on אֹתָהּ שָׁכַב Gen 34:2 and elsewhere, see below שָׁכַב, & compare DrSm ii. 13, 14) preposition denoting
proximity (synonym עִם; Phoenician את, e.g. CISi. 3, 8 רפאם את משכב לם יכן לא let there not be for them a resting-place with the shades; Assyrian itti (perhaps akin to ittu 'side,' DlPr 115 Hpt KAT2. 498; but compare NöZMG '86, 738 f.). Not found as yet in the other cognate languages: but compare Ethiopic 'enta, towards, which supports the view; that אֵת is for 'int [compare תִּתִּי תֵּת,], perhaps from √ אנה to meet Olp. 431 PrätZMG '73, 643 LagM i. 226).
1 Of companionship, together with: Gen 6:13 behold, I destroy them אֶתהָֿאָרֶץ together with the earth, Gen 11:31; Gen 12:4 +?verbs of dwelling, abiding, going, etc., as Jdg 1:3; Jdg 14:11; Jdg 19:4, & in the phrase אִתּוֺ אֲשֶׁר הָעָם Jdg 4:13; Jdg 7:1; Jdg 9:33, Jdg 9:48; 1Sa 14:20; 1Sa 30:4 etc.; thou, and thy sons ֗֗֗ ׃ אִתָּֽךְ with thee Gen 6:18; similarly (3rd person) Gen 7:7, Gen 7:13; Gen 8:18; Gen 9:8 and elsewhere (character of P: DrIntr 124); אֶתהָֿאֱלֹהִים הִתְהַלֵּךְ to walk with God, i.e. to have him as a companion (that is, by adopting a course of life pleasing to him) Gen 5:22, Gen 5:24; Gen 6:9 (compare אֵת הִתְהַלֵּךְ literal 1Sa 25:15); — by the side of, like Isa 45:9, equally with Lev 26:39, in common with Jer 23:28b (compare עִם 1e, f). Hence, in particular —
a. with for the purpose of help: Num 14:9 ׳וי אִתָּנוּ, Jos 14:12 (אוֺתִי, as Jer 20:11) Jdg 1:19; 2Ki 6:16; 2Ki 9:32 מִי אִתִּי מִי who is on my side, who ? אֲנִי אִתְּךָ כִּי Isa 43:5; Jer 1:18-19, +; Isa 63:3; Psa 12:5 our lips are with us, on our side; in the phrase מּ יַד ׳(הָֽיְתָה) אֵת 2Sa 14:19; 2Ki 15:19; Jer 26:24; אֵת נָשָׂא to bear together with, i.e. to assist Exo 18:22; Num 11:17. Exceptionally, = with the help of: Gen 4:1 for I have gotten a man ׳אֶתיֿ with the help of ׳י (compare עם 1Sa 14:45) Gen 49:25 (where, however, the parallelism, & ⅏ ᵑ6 ᵑ7 favour שַׁדַּי וְאֵל for שַׁדַּי וְאֵת) Mic 3:8; compare Est 9:29.
b. beside (German neben): Gen 39:6 מְאוּמָה אִתּוֺ יָדַע לֹא he knew not with him, beside him, aught (i.e. Joseph managed everything), Gen 39:8; Exo 20:23 אִתִּ֑י תַעֲשׂוּן לֹא ye shall not make (aught) beside me.
c. beside = in the presence of (rare): Gen 20:16b and before all thou shalt be righted, Isa 30:8; Mic 6:1. In this sense מּ ׳אֶתמְּֿנֵי is more frequently, see below מָּנִים
d. of intercourse of different kinds with another, e.g. after verbs of making a covenant or contract, or (less often) of speaking or dealing: (α) Gen 9:9; Gen 15:18; Gen 17:4 (Eze 16:60; Isa 59:21 -אוֺת) Jos 10:4; 1Ki 3:1 etc.; compare 1Sa 2:13 (but here מֵאֶתֿ הַכֹּהֵן is probably to be read with ᵑ7 ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Ke We etc., compare Deu 18:3). (β) Gen 17:3; Gen 42:30 קָשׁוֺת אִתָּנוּ דִּבֶּר, 1Ki 8:15; Psa 109:2, & especially in Jeremiah and Ezekiel (as Jer 1:16; Jer 4:12 [Jer 52:9 אִתּוֺ] Jer 5:5; Jer 12:1; Eze 2:1; Eze 3:22, Eze 3:24, Eze 3:27; Eze 14:4; Eze 44:5 — all -אוֺת); Gen 24:49 to perform kindness אֵת (עִם is here more Genl.), 2Sa 16:17 אֶתרֵֿעֶךָ֑ חַסְדְּךָ זֶה, Rth 2:20; Zec 7:9; Jon 11:27 רָעָה אִתִּי עשֶֹׁה וְאַתָּה, Deu 1:30; Deu 10:21; 1Sa 12:7 b, (-אוֺת) Jer 21:2; Jer 33:9; Eze 7:27; Eze 16:59; Eze 22:14; Eze 23:25, Eze 23:29; Eze 39:24; absolute Eze 17:17; Eze 20:44; Psa 109:21; Zep 3:19; (γ) in a pregnant sense, (in dealing) with, i.e. towards (rare): Isa 66:14; Psa 67:2 אִתָּנוּ מָּנָיו יָאֵר make his face to shine with (= toward) us (varied from אֶל Num 6:25) Deu 28:8; faithful with Psa 78:8 (compare Psa 78:37 עִם נָכוֺן); Eze 2:6 (אוֺתָ֑ךְ); Jdg 16:15 אִתִּי אֵין וְלֹבְּךָ. (δ) often with verbs of fighting, striving, contending, as Gen 14:2, Gen 14:8, Gen 14:9; Num 20:13; Isa 45:9; a Isa 50:8; Psa 35:1; Pro 23:11; with בְמִשְׁמָּט בָּא Psa 143:2 (Isa 3:14 and elsewhere עִם).
2 Of localities, especially in the phrase אֵת אֲשֶׁר describing a site: Jdg 3:19; Jdg 4:11 אֶתקֶֿדֶשׁ אֲשֶׁר which is near Kedesh, 1Ki 9:26; 2Ki 9:27 (compare עם 2, which is commoner in this sense); Eze 43:8; Exo 33:21 אִתִּי מָקוֺם הִנֵּה. Perhaps, anomalously, 1Sa 7:16 at or by all those places (but see Dr); in 2Sa 15:23 אֵת אֶתהַֿמִּדְבָּר, דֶרֶךְ עַלמְּֿנֵי = towards is against analogue: read with ᵐ5L בַּמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר הַזַּיִת דֶּרֶךְ עַלמָּֿנָיו; 1Ki 9:25 אִתּוֺ beside it (that is, the altar); but עָלָיו 1Ki 13:1 etc. would be idiomatic, & for אֲשֶׁר אִתּוֺ Klo proposes plausibly אֶתאִֿשֹּׁוֺ (see Exo 30:20).
3 מּ ׳אֵת denotes specially,
a. in one's possession or keeping: Gen 27:15; Gen 30:29 thou knowest ֗֗֗ אִתִּי מִקְנְךָ הָיָה אֲשֶׁר אֵת how thy cattle fared with me, Gen 30:33; Leviticus 5:23; Lev 19:13; Deu 15:3; Jdg 17:2; 1Sa 9:7 אִתָּנוּ מָה = what have we ? 1Sa 25:29; Isa 49:4 my right is with Jehovah (contr. Isa 40:27), Jer 8:8; Psa 38:11 the light of mine eyes also אִתִּי אֵין i.e. is gone from me, Pro 3:28; Pro 8:18; in his power, Jer 10:5 אוֺתָם אֵין הֵיטֵיב is not in their power, perhaps Psa 12:5. A dream, or the word of ׳י, is said to be אֵת with a prophet, 2Ki 3:12; Jer 23:28; Jer 27:18. Metaph. of a mental quality, Pro 11:2; Pro 13:10.
b. in one's knowledge or memory: Isa 59:12 אִתָּנוּ מְּשָׁעֵינוּ our transgressions are with us, i.e. present to our minds (|| יְדַעֲנוּם וַעֲוֺנֹתֵינוּ), Job 12:3 כְּמוֺאֵֿלָּה אֶתמִֿיאֵֿין with whom are not (i.e. who knoweth not ? τίς οὐ σύνοιδε;) things like these ? Job 14:5 אִתָּךְ i.e. known to thee, Pro 2:1; Gen 40:14; Jer 12:3 (Ew Gf towards thee, as 1d γ). So אֶתנַֿפְשְׁכֶם אִםיֵֿשׁ Gen 23:8 [2Ki 9:15 ׳נ alone], אֶתלְֿבָבְךָ 2Ki 10:15. compare עם 4b, which is more frequent in this sense.
4 מֵאֵת (מֵאִתִּי, etc.; also -מֵאוֺת) from proximity with (like Greek παρά with a Genitive, From de chez; in Syriac, Arabic , corresponding synonym מֵעִם; see below): coupled almost always with persons (contrast מֵעִם, a). Thus
a. with קָנָה to buy Gen 25:10 + often (compare Gen 17:27); לָקַח Gen 42:24; Exo 25:2; Lev 25:36; Numbers 17:17 + often; נָשָׂא Psa 24:5; שִׁלַּח, as Gen 8:8 מֵאִתּוֺ אֶתהַֿיּוֺנָה וַיְשַׁלַּח and he sent forth the dove from with him Gen 26:27; הָלַךְ Gen 26:31; 1Ki 18:12; 1Ki 20:36; Jer 9:1, of a wife deserting her husband Jdg 19:2 מֵאִתּוֺ וַתֵּלֶךְ, Jer 3:1 (compare Isa 57:8); with simile words Gen 38:1; Deu 2:8; 1Ki 11:23; Jer 2:37 (see Exo 5:20); Isa 54:10; Psa 66:20; with שָׁאַל Jdg 1:14; 1Ki 2:16; Psa 27:4 +, דָּרַשׁ 1Ki 22:7 and elsewhere, שָׁמַע 1Sa 2:23. — מּ מְּנֵי ׳מֵאֵת Gen 27:30; Gen 43:34; Exo 10:11; Job 2:7; Lev 10:4 (הַקֹּדֶשׁ), 2Ki 16:14 (הַבַּיִת). Hence
b. of rights or dues, handed over from, given on the part of, any one: Gen 47:22 מַּרְעֹה מֵאֵת חֹק; often in P, as Gen 23:20; Exo 27:21 a perpetual due יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּנֵי מֵאֵת from, or on the part of, the children of Israel, Lev 7:34; b Lev 24:8; Num 3:9; Num 7:84 +; Deu 18:3; 1Sa 2:13 (ᵐ5, etc.; see 1d) 2Sa 15:3 הַמֶּלֶךְ מֵאֵת אֵיןלְֿךָ וְשֹׁמֵעַ but there is none to hear thee deputed of the king, 1Ki 5:14.
c. expressing origination: 1Ki 1:27 נִהְיָה הַמֶּלֶךְ אֲדֹנִי מֵאֵת אִם. Especially י ׳מֵאֵת — of a concrete object proceeding from him: Gen 19:24 (brimstone), Num 11:31 (a wind), Num 16:35 (fire), 1Sa 16:14 (evil spirit), Isa 38:7 (a sign), Jer 51:53 (wasters), Mic 5:6 (dew); of wrath Zec 7:12 (compare Num 17:11), teaching Isa 51:4, the word of prophecy Jer 7:1 (so Jer 11:1; Jer 18:1 +? Jeremiah) Jer 37:17; Eze 33:30; with 'have I((we) heard' Isa 21:10; Isa 28:22; Jer 49:14 (= Obadiah); of an event, or phase of history Jos 11:20 י ׳מֵאֵת הָֽיְתָה it came of ׳י to..., 1Ki 12:24; Hab 2:13; Psa 118:23 י ׳מֵאֵת זאֹת הָֽיְתָה (ᵐ5 παρὰ Κυρίου) Ezr 9:8; Neh 6:16; of trouble (רָעָה) 2Ki 6:33; Mic 1:12 (יָרַד); of a good or evil lot, having its source in ׳י Jer 13:25; Isa 54:17; Psa 109:20, compare Job 2:10; Psa 22:26 תְהִלָּתִי מֵאִתְּךָ from thee cometh my praise (thou art the source of it); Isa 44:24 Qr מֵאִתִּי of myself (compare ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ Joh 5:30; Kt is אִתִּי מִי who was with me ?), John 54:15 מֵאוֺתִי אֶפֶס not at my instance (compare מִנִּי לֹא John 30:1, מִמֶּנִּי לֹא Hos 8:4). d. of a place 1Ki 6:33 (corrupt: read with ᵑ9 ᵑ6 ᵐ5 [partly] רְבֻעוֺת מְזוּזֹת, & compare Eze 41:21).Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sometimes denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to. Thus Saul asks, מֵעִמָּנוּ הָלַךְ מִי who has gone from (those) about us ? but Jacob, speaking of the loss of Joseph, says, Gen 44:28 מֵאִתִּי הָאֶחָד וַיֵּצֵא and the one is gone from with me. מֵאֵת is accordingly preferred to מֵעִם in the sense of origination or authorship; מאת is not usual in the sense of מֵעִם
c, nor מֵעִם in the sense of מֵאֵת b..