שָׁמַע

H8085. shama
שָׁמַע1159 verb hear (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician שמע Lzb378; Assyrian šemû; Arabic ; Sabean סמע mostly in derivatives, especially epithet of divinity סמע he who hears HomChr 124 FellZMG liv (1900), 250, 252 DHMHofmus. No. 10, 1. 1; Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַע, , Old Aramaic שמע Lzb378; compare also משמעת MI28 obedience); —
Qal1052 Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ Gen 24:52 +, שָׁמֵ֑עַ Jer 36:13 Jer 36:3t.; 2 feminine singular שָׁמַ֫עַתְּ 1Ki 1:11 1Ki 1:2t.; 3 plural שָׁמֵ֑עוּ Jdg 2:17 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Exo 6:30 +, 1 singular cohortative אֶשְׁמְעָה Num 9:8, וָאֶשְׁמְָעָה (on ְָ֯ compare Ges§ 10h; Ol§ 65 c question reading) Dan 8:13; Dan 8:2masculine plural תִּשְׁמְע֔וּן Deu 8:20 +, תִּשְׁמָע֔וּן Deu 1:17, etc.; Imperative masculine singular שְׁמַע Amo 7:16 +, שִׁמְעָךְ Job 32:10 + (especially Psalms), שְׁמָ֨עָךְ֨ Dan 9:19; feminine plural שְׁמַעְנָה Isa 32:9; Jer 9:19, שְׁמַ֫עַן Gen 4:23 (Ges§ 46f), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁמוֺעַ Isa 6:9 +; construct שְׁמֹעַ 1Sa 15:22 +; suffix שָׁמְעו Deu 29:18 +, שָׁמְעָתוֺ Isa 30:19 (Gen 18:10 + etc.; —
1
subject human person (or thing personified):
a. hear (perceive by ear), accusative of thing, especially קוֺל Gen 3:10 (J) + 46 t., דבר(יםׅ Amo 8:11 50t., etc.; accusative חָכְמָה i.e. wise sayings 1Ki 5:14 1Ki 5:4t.; so any utterance or sound (approximately 150 t. in all) + (object omitted) Deu 4:33 Deu 4:32t. + (temporal clause) 1Sa 14:27 1Sa 14:6t.; very rarely with ׳שׁ י ׳בְּסוֺד ב, Job 15:8; with object clause, ׳כִּ Exo 4:31 52t. + Isa 39:1b (read ᵑ7 ᵐ5 שׁ ׳כִּי || 2Ki 20:12), אֶתאֲֿשֶׁר Jos 2:10; Jos 5:1 (both RD), מַהֹֿ֯ Jdg 7:11 Jdg 7:3t.; without connect. עָשִׂיתִי ׳שׁ אֹתָהּ 2Ki 19:25 = Isa 37:26; singular oratio recta [direct speech] Isa 40:28; Zec 8:23.
b. accusative of person + מְדַבֵּר hear one speaking Gen 27:6 (J), Jer 26:7; Dan 8:13, so בֹּכֶה Num 11:10 (J), נִבָּא Jer 20:1 מְקַלְלֶ֑ךָ Ecc 7:21; occas. pears. omitted, דֹּבְרִים Gen 37:17 (JE), אֶתמִֿדַּבֵּר Eze 2:2; Eze 43:6 (see דבר Hithpa`el); accusative of person only Dan 12:7.
c. with לֵאמֹר only, hear say = hear it said, 1Sa 13:4; 2Sa 19:3; Deu 13:13; Jos 22:11 (P), 1Ki 16:16; + עַל person concerning Gen 41:15 (E), Isa 37:9; אֶל person id. 2Ki 19:9.
d. hear of, concerning: (1) accusative of thing, אֵת(כָּלֿ)אֲשֶׁר Exo 18:1; 2Ki 19:11 2Ki 19:5t., דבר(יםׅ 1Sa 3:11 1Sa 3:4t., רָעָה Jer 19:3 Jer 19:5t., etc.; כַּאֲשֶׁר 1Sa 23:11; Psa 48:9, כָּואֹת Isa 66:8 hear of anything like this, כָּאֵלֶּךְ Jer 18:13; accusative, etc., omitted Jdg 9:46 Jdg 9:43t.; (2) less often accusative of person Job 42:5, אֶל person Eze 19:4, person omitted Deu 9:2; with ב person hear exultantly of their fate Psa 92:12 (probably imitated from || בְּ הִכִּיט va; see especially ראךְ 8a (6)).
e. hear, absolute, = have power to hear, 2Sa 19:36 (with בְּקוֺל ), Isa 21:3; Isa 32:3; Pro 20:12; Zec 7:11; in simile Psa 38:15; with negative of idols Deu 4:28; Psa 115:6; figurative (spiritual power) Jer 5:21; Deu 29:8; Eze 12:2; Isa 42:20. — Pro 21:28 is probably corrupt, see Toy.
f. hear with attention, interest, listen to (sometimes || חֶאֱןין), חִקְשִׁיב accusative דבר(יםׅ (54 t.) Amo 4:1 +, especially י ׳דבר(י) Num 12:6 (JE) + 45 t.; אִמְרָה Isa 28:23, קוֺל Isa 28:23, זאֹת Mic 3:9, etc.; often absolute Jdg 5:3 57t., + (negative) Psa 38:14 pay no attention; absolute שֹׁמֵעַ לֵב 1Ki 3:9, שֹׁטֵעַ אִישׁ Pro 21:28.
g. understand (language), שָׂפָחךְ Gen 11:7 (J), Isa 33:19, לָשׁוֺן Deu 28:49, דְּבָרִין Eze 3:6, מַהיְּֿדַבֵּר Jer 5:15, no accusative Gen 42:23 (E), 2Ki 18:26 = Isa 36:11.
h. specif of hearing a (judicial) casre, דָּבָר Deu 1:17, compare Deu 1:17; accusative omitted בֵּין person Deu 1:16, of ׳י Jdg 11:10; with מִשְׁמָּט 1Ki 3:11; ׳לשׁ וְהָרֵע הִטּוֺב 2Sa 14:17, לְךָ אֵין וְשֹׁמֵע 2Sa 15:3, compare Job 31:35.
i. with accusative of person in polite address, hear us (me)! Gen 23:6, Gen 23:8, Gen 23:11, Gen 23:13, Gen 23:15 (all P), 1Ch 28:2; 2Ch 13:4; 2Ch 15:2; 2Ch 20:20
j. listen, give heed (sometimes || הִקְשִׁיב), absolute, Gen 42:21 (E) + 18: t., + (usually || אֹ׃ון הִטָּה), Jer 7:13-14t. Jeremiah, + (opposed to חָדַל) Eze 2:5 Eze 2:3t. Ezekiel; + עַללֵֿב שִׂים Mal 2:2; hear + do Deu 5:24; 2Ki 18:12, etc.; = consent, agree, Gen 37:27 (J), grant request Jdg 11:17; with ל person (mostly late) Jdg 19:25; 1Sa 30:24; Job 15:17 Job 15:16t., ׳לי Hos 9:17; Lev 26:14, Lev 26:18, Lev 26:21, Lev 26:27; י ׳לְדִבְרֵי 1Sa 15:1, לְעֵצָה Pro 12:15.
k. with אֶל person + listen to, yield to Gen 49:2; Jdg 2:17 69t. (׳אֶליֿ15t., especially Jer 7:26 Jer 7:10t. Jeremiah), עַל person 2Ki 20:13; אֶלדִּֿבְרֵי etc., Deu 18:19; Jer 29:10 Jer 29:14t., עַלדִּֿבְרֵי etc., 2Ki 22:13 2Ki 22:3t.; very rarely accusative of thing 1Sa 24:10 (Gi v.1Sa 24:9).
l ׳שׁ לְקוֺל = id., obey, Gen 3:17 (J) + 11 t. + (י ׳לְקוֺל) Jdg 2:20; Exo 15:26 (JE).
m. very often, ׳שׁ בְּקוֺל = obey 1Sa 8:7 25t., + י ׳בְּקוֺל ׳שׁ (׳יs word, etc.) Deu 4:30; Jer 3:13 65t. (Deuteronomy 18 t., Jeremiah 18 t.).
n. obey, with accusative דבר(יםׅ Jos 1:18 Jos 1:2t. + (׳ד ׳י) Jer 11:3 Jer 11:5t. Jeremiah; 1Ki 12:24 2Ch 11:4, etc.; accusative of person Exo 6:12 (P), 2Ch 28:11.
o. absolutebe obedient (especially to ׳י) Isa 1:19; Mic 5:14; Jer 12:17 Jer 12:4t. Jeremiah + 7 t.
2 ׳י (God) subject:
a. accusative דברים קוֺל,, etc., Gen 21:17 (E), 2Ki 19:4 (twice in verse); 2Ki 19:16, usually with favour implied Num 20:16; Deu 33:7 +, so especially accusative תְּחנָּה תְּפִלָּה,, etc., 1Ki 8:45; Psa 6:10 +.
b. object clause כִּי Gen 29:33 (J).
c. no object (32 t.) Isa 59:2; Jer 22:21, usually hear and foregive, help, etc 1Ki 8:30, 1Ki 8:32; Isa 30:19 +; hear be angry Psa 78:59, compare Psa 55:20.
d. = be able to hear Isa 59:1; Psa 94:9.
e. ׳שׁ בְּקוֺל = hear (and grant) Gen 30:6 (J) + 6 t.
f.hear and answer, with אֶל of city, etc., Gen 21:7; Gen 16:11; 1Ki 8:28 1Ki 8:8t.; with אֶל person Deuteronomy 3:36 Deu 3:12t.
g. with לְ of utterance Jer 18:19; Psa 61:6; ל person Jos 24:10 (E).
h. hear, accusative of person + מִתְנוֺדֵד Jer 31:18; favourably, with accusative of person Mic 7:7 Mic 7:3t., so, + ל concerning, Gen 17:20 (P); object omitted 2Ki 22:19; Psa 22:23 Psa 22:3t. + Psa 34:7; Psa 34:18 (hear and deliver); with temporal clause Jer 11:14
Niph`al42 Perfect3masculine singular נִשְׁמַע Gen 45:16 +, etc; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשָּׁמַע Exo 23:13 +, יִשָּׁמֵ֑עַ 1Sa 1:13, etc.; Infinitive construct הִשָּׁמַל Est 2:8; Participle feminine נִשְׁמַ֫עַת Jer 51:46, etc.; —
1 be heard, of voice, sound, etc., 1Sa 1:13; 1Ki 6:7; Job 26:14 (or 1 plural
Qal Imperfect?); of a resort, ׳נִשׁ לֵאמֹר ֗֗֗ Gen 45:16 (E); subject clause, ׳כִּ, Neh 6:1 (ל person), compare clauseחשְׁבִים וְהַיְהוּדִים Neh 6:6; Neh 6:7 be reported, (לַמֶּלֶחׅ הָאֵלֶּה כַּדְּבָרִיס); be heard, אֱםהֶיךָ לִפְנֵי Dan 10:12.
2 be heard of, כָּמֹהוּ Deu 4:32.
3 be regarded, obeyed, Ecc 9:17; in 2Sa 22:45 = Psa 18:45 it is be obedient (לִיׅ, si vera lectio (read perhaps
Qal. compare Now).
4 ׳וַיִישּׁ בְּקוֺלָם2Ch 30:27 +?hearing was granted to their voice
Pi`el Imperfect3masculine singular וַיְשַׁמַּע 1Sa 15:4 he caused the people (accusative) to hear and respond, i.e. he assembled them), so 1Sa 23:8 (see Hiph`il 1 c).
Hiph`il63 Perfect3masculine singular הִשְׁמִיעַ 1Ki 15:22 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יַשְׁמִעֵנִי Deu 30:12-13, Deu 30:2masculine singular jussive תַּשְׁמַע Jdg 18:23, etc.; Imperative masculine singular suffix הִשְׁמִיעֵנִי Psa 143:8; feminine singular suffix הַשְׁמִיעִנִי Son 2:14; Son 8:13, etc.; Infinitive construct לַשְׁמִעַ Psa 26:7 (Ges§ 53q); Participle מַשְׁמִיעַ Jer 4:15 +, etc.; —
1 of man:
a. cause to hear accusative of person + of thing Deu 30:12-13, Son 2:14; Son 8:13 Son 8:4t.; object of thing omitted (= make proclamation to) 1Ki 15:22; object person omitted Jer 5:20 +; accusative שָׁלוֺם Isa 52:7; Nah 2:1 i.e. proclaimpeace; אָוֶֺן Jer 4:15 (מִן local); ׳הַשׁ קוֺל utter a sound Jos 6:10 (J; || הֵרִיעַ), compare Jdg 18:25 (קוֺלְךָ, + עִמָּנוּ), Isa 42:2; Isa 58:4; ׳הִשׁ תְּהִלָּתוֺ קוֺל Psa 66:8 תּוֺדָה בְּקוֺל Psa 26:7.
b. absolute as musical term, sound aloud, לְהִשְׁמִיעַ בִּמְצִלְתַּיִם 1Ch 15:19 (perhaps to mark the time, GrPsalms 67 De compare 1Ch 16:5 also Psa 150:5 שָׁ֑מַע בְּצִלְצְלֵי), מַשְׁמִיעִים 1Ch 15:16, 1Ch 15:28; 1Ch 16:42, ׳לְהַשׁ אֶחָד קוֺל2Ch 5:13 i.e. probably in unison (PrinceEB iii, 3241), Neh 12:42.
c. absolute make proclamation (often || הִגִּיד), Amo 3:9; Amo 4:5; Isa 41:26; Jer 4:5-6t. Jeremiah
d. הַשְׁמִיעוּ, accusative of person + אֶל location = summon Jer 50:29, עַל location Jer 51:27 (compare Pi`el).
2 ׳י subject:
a. cause to hear, accusative of person and thing Deu 4:10, Deu 4:36 (מִן local), 2Ki 7:6 2Ki 7:4t.; accusative of person omitted Isa 30:30 Isa 30:3t.; accusative of thing omitted Isa 44:8; Isa 48:5.
b. = tell, accusative of person + כָּזאֹת Jdg 13:23; accusative of person only, Isa 42:9; accusative of thing only, Isa 48:3; Eze 36:15 (אֵלַיִךְ).
c. absolute, make proclamation Isa 43:12; Isa 62:11 (אֶל location).
שְׁמַע verb hear (see Biblical Hebrew); —
Pe`al Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ Dan 6:15; Dan 6:1singular שִׁמְעֵת Dan 5:14, Dan 5:16; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁמַע Dan 3:10, Dan 3:2m. pl. תִּשְׁמְעוּן Dan 3:5, Dan 3:15; Participle active שָֽׁמְעִין Dan 3:7; Dan 5:23; — hear: = have sense of hearing Dan 5:23; with accusative of sound Dan 3:5, Dan 3:7, Dan 3:10, Dan 3:15, word Dan 6:15; with clause דִּי + עַל person concerning, Dan 5:14, Dan 5:16.
Hithpe`el shew oneself obedient: Imperfect3masculine plural יִשְׁתַּמְעוּן Dan 7:27, with ל person (probably).