Word

שֶׁמֶן

shemen · H8081 · Hebrew · 193 occurrences

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A word for 5 things

Olive oilFood and Drink203 verses
PerfumesCosmetics19 verses
Aleppo pinePine6 verses
Anointing horn, anointing flaskRoyalty6 verses
Oil, ointmentDoctors and medicine4 verses

Meanings

oil, ointment

High quality oil, extracted from the fruits of the olive tree during the first pressing; used as food, medicine, fuel, perfume (when mixed with spices), and other purposes; also used in various religious rituals; associated with joy, but also known for its softness, smoothness, and elusiveness

Examples
Genesis 28:18 So Jacob got up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had placed as a support for his head, and set it up as a memorial stone, and poured oil on its top.
Genesis 35:14 So Jacob set up a memorial stone in the place where He had spoken with him, a memorial of stone, and he poured out a drink offering on it; he also poured oil on it.
Exodus 25:6 oil for lighting, balsam oil for the anointing oil and for the fragrant incense,
fat

Oily substance found in the body of humans and animal

Examples
Psalm 109:24 My knees are weak from fasting, And my flesh has grown lean, without fatness.
fertile, rich

Literally: fat; hence: state in which land or food is of an exceedingly good quality

Examples
Isaiah 25:6 Now the LORD of armies will prepare a lavish banquet for all peoples on this mountain; A banquet of aged wine, choice pieces with marrow, And refined, aged wine.
oil tree, wild olive, oleaster

Literally: oil tree; hence: wild olive tree; Olea europaea oleaster

Examples
1 Kings 6:23 And in the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim of olive wood, each ten cubits high.
1 Kings 6:31 And for the entrance of the inner sanctuary he made doors of olive wood, the lintel, and five-sided doorposts.
1 Kings 6:32 So he made two doors of olive wood, and he carved on them carvings of cherubim, palm trees, and open flowers, and overlaid them with gold; and he overlaid the cherubim and the palm trees with gold.

How it’s used In 10 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

44 occurrences in 13 groups

מִשְׁחָהanointment 21
הּher 4
זַיִתolive tree 3
מָאוֹרlight 3
יmy 3
Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

16 occurrences in 7 groups

כַּףpalm, hand 5
כָּתִיתpressed 5
טוֹבgood 4
זַךְpure 2
יָרַדto go down, to come down 2
מָחָהto wipe 1

Named alongside itApposition

14 occurrences in 9 groups

הִיןhin 5
Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10

What it doesIt is the subject

5 occurrences in 5 groups

חָסֵרto lack 1
יָבַלto bring 1
יָצַקto pour, to cast 1
עָמַדto stand 1
שָׂמַחto rejoice, to be glad 1

What is done to itIt is the object

31 occurrences in 13 groups

יָצַקto pour, to cast 6
לָקַחto take, to receive 6
נָתַןto give, to put, to set 4
סוּךְto anoint oneself (with oil) 3
Other words · 9 groups that occur once or twice (12) 12

Second object ofSecond object

1 occurrences in 1 groups

עָשָׂהto do, to make 1

What it is said to bePredicate

7 occurrences in 5 groups

הִיןhin 3
טוֹבgood 1
נָוֶהpasture, habitation 1
צַפַּחַתjar 1
כֶםyou 1

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

3 occurrences in 2 groups

פְּקֻדָּהmuster 2
שֵׁםname 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

81 occurrences in 6 groups

בin/on/with 109
מִןfrom 27
כlike/as 5
לto/for 3
אֵלto, toward 1
עַלon, upon, over, against 1

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

38 occurrences in 23 groups

עֵץtree, wood 6
לֹגlog 5
פַּךְflask 3
Other words · 20 groups that occur once or twice (24) 24

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 1 word

יִצְהָר yitshâr · H3323 · olive oil: יִצְהָר (yitshâr, H3323) typically denotes fresh or pure oil, often in agricultural/cultic contexts; שֶׁמֶן (shemen, H8081) is the general term for oil, anointing oil, and ointment across all contexts.

In the other Testament 2 words

ἔλαιον élaion · G1637 · olive oil: Greek ἔλαιον (elaion) is the standard Septuagint rendering of Hebrew שֶׁמֶן (shemen) across its primary senses of olive oil for culinary, ritual anointing, and lamp fuel uses.
μύρον mýron · G3464 · perfume, perfumed oil: Greek μύρον denotes specifically perfumed/aromatic oil (often myrrh-based ointment for ritual anointing or burial preparation), whereas Hebrew שֶׁמֶן encompasses the broader semantic range of oil generally (including olive oil for cooking, lamps, and anointing); μύρον represents a specialized, high-value subset of the anointing-oil sense within שֶׁמֶן's wider scope.

Semantic domains 3 entries

Liquids001002005007: This noun denotes oil as a poured liquid, as in Genesis 28:18's account of Jacob pouring oil on top of the memorial stone.
Good002001001031: This domain reflects this noun's broader idiomatic association with abundance, blessing, or festivity, elsewhere in its occurrences rather than being illustrated by the anointing and lamp-oil citations sampled here.
Trees001002007002: The noun also denotes oil pressed from olives, as in Exodus 27:20's instruction to bring clear oil of beaten olives for the lamp.

Word family 4 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

שָׁמַן shâman · H8080 · to be well-fed · 5×שֶׁמֶןshemen · H8081שָׁמֵן shâmên · H8082 · fatling, fat, rich · 10×מַשְׁמָן mashmân · H4924 · fat, rich · 7×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8081. shemen שֶׁ֫מֶן192 noun masculine 2Ki 20:13 (on apparently feminine Son 1:3 compare…

H8081. shemen
שֶׁ֫מֶן192 noun masculine 2Ki 20:13 (on apparently feminine Son 1:3 compare AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 99, 106) fat, oil; — ׳שׁ absolute Genesis 28:28 +, construct Lev 8:2 +; ׳שָׁ֑ 2Ki 4:6 +; suffix שַׁמְנִי Hos 2:7 +, etc.; plural שְׁמָנִים Amo 6:6 +; suffix שְׁמָנֶיךָ Son 1:3, נַיִח- Son 4:10; —
1 fat, fatness: בֶּןשֿׁ ׳קֶרֶן Isa 5:1 (of fertile slope); plural גֵּיאשְֿׁמָנִים Isa 28:1, Isa 28:4; of food (in figurative) Isa 25:6 (twice in verse); literal מִשָּׁ֑מֶן כָּחַשׁ כְּשָׂרִי Psa 109:24 (compare צוֺם va), compare שׁ ׳מִמְּנֵי Isa 10:27 (in figurative, si vera lectio, meaning obscure; most now emend by conjecture; RSJPH xili (1885), 62 שֹׁרֵד מִצָּפוֺן עָלָה [see also II. חבל], joining to Isa 10:28; Du Marti has gone up from Pene-Rimmon [??], compare Di-Kit).
2. a. oil, specifically olive-oil, as rich product Deu 8:8 + (see זַיִת); hence שׁ ׳עֵץ Isa 41:19 oil-tree, usually explained as wild olive, oleaster, so Neh 8:15 (|| וַיִת), שׁ ׳עֲצֵי oleaster-wood 1Ki 6:23, 1Ki 6:31, 1Ki 6:32, 1Ki 6:33; once ׳שׁ הַמֹּר Est 2:2 (see מֹר p. 600:b; ׳מ also in holy anointing oil Exo 30:23).
b. ׳שׁ as staple (codiment) Num 11:8 (J; see לשׁד), of value 1Ki 17:12, 1Ki 17:14, 1Ki 17:16; 2Ki 2:4, 2Ki 2:6, 2Ki 2:7 2Ki 2:4t.; symbol of plenty Deu 32:13; Deu 33:24; Job 29:6; ascribed (fassely) to gift of Baals Hos 2:7; as royal treasure 2Ki 20:13 = Isa 39:2, compare 1 Kings 5:25 (׳שׁ תִית כָּ, see ׳כ) = 2Ch 2:9; 2Ch 2:14 2Ch 2:3t.; tribute Hos 12:2, article of trade Eze 27:17; odoriferous Pro 27:9; Son 1:3; Son 4:10, ׳שׁ רוֺקֵחַ Ecc 10:1, so (figurative) Son 1:3; Ecc 7:1; Pro 27:16 is corrupt, see Toy; sign of luxury Eze 16:13; Pro 21:17, of prosperity Eze 16:20.
c. ׳שׁ as medicament Isa 1:6; as unguent, for shield 2Sa 1:21, person Amo 6:6; Mic 6:15; Deu 28:40; Eze 16:9; Esther; Psa 92:11; Psa 104:15, not for mourner 2Sa 14:2; on head token of happiness Ecc 9:8, of hospitality, בַּמֹּ ׳דִּמַּנְתָּ ראֹשִׁי Psa 23:5 (figurative), in simile Psa 133:2; Psa 141:5.
d. for anointing king, הַשּׂ ׳מַּח 1Sa 10:1; 2Ki 9:1, 2Ki 9:3, compare 2Ki 9:6, with קֶרֶן 1Sa 16:1, 1Sa 16:13; 1Ki 1:39; compare ׳בְּשׁ מְשַׁחְתִּיו קָדְשִׁי Psa 89:21.
e. in various figs., of joy ׳שׁ שָׂשׂוֺן Isa 61:3; Psa 45:8; soft words Psa 55:22; Pro 5:3; as penetrating Prov 109:18; as clear, transparent Eze 32:14.
f. used in primitive worship, poured on stone Gen 28:18 (E), Gen 35:14 (J).
g. in later ritual: for anointing priests, tabernacle, altar utensils, etc. (P), made of various ingred., ׳שׁ וַיִת among them, Exo 30:24, ׳שׁ הַמִּשְׁתָה Exo 25:6; Lev 8:2, Lev 8:10, Lev 8:12 Lev 8:11t.; ׳שׁ מִשְׁחַתקֹֿדֶשׁ Exo 30:25 (twice in verse) + 2t.; ׳שׁ ׳מ ׳י Lev 10:7, ׳שׁ ׳מ אֱםהָיו Lev 21:12; ׳שׁ ׳הקּ Num 35:25; ׳שׁ alone Lev 14:10 Lev 14:12t. Leviticus 14; for lighting Exo 25:6 Exo 25:6t. + ׳שׁ חִית כָּ זָח זַיִת Exo 27:20; Lev 24:2 (see תִית כָּ); poured upon מִנְחָה Lev 2:1 Lev 2:5t., compare Lev 5:11; Num 5:15; smeared (see מָשַׁח) upon wafers Exo 29:2; Lev 2:4 +, and cakes (or mixed in the making? compare בָּלַל) Exo 29:2; Lev 2:4-5, +, so בַּשׁ ׳סֹלֶת Lev 2:7 etc. (c. 45 t. in all), שׁ לֶחֶם ׳חַלַּת Exo 29:23; Lev 8:26.
h. for use in temple 1Ch 9:29.
i. for תְּרוּמָה in Ezekiel's temple Eze 45:14 (twice in verse) + 7 t. 45, 46.
j. efficacy denied Mic 6:7
k. offered to idols Isa 57:9; Eze 16:18-19, Eze 23:41. — See MacalisterHast. DB OIL ARSKEncy. Bib. OIL.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 3 entries

Liquids180 occurrences Trees6 occurrences Good3 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0