שֵׁם

H8034. shem
I. שֵׁם864 noun masculine2Sa 7:9 name (√ unknown; Thes שׁמה, compare BaZMG xli (1887), 635; LagBN 160 ושׁם, Arabic brand, mark, compare RSK 213, 303 ff. Köii. 1. 104; Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew (especially הַשֵּׁם = יהוה); Phoenician שם Lzb377; Assyrian šumu; Sabean סם HomChr 124; Ethiopic Arabic , , , ; Aramaic שְׁמָא שֵׁם,, also שֻׁם שׁוּם, (Köii. 1. 512), , , Old Aramaic, Palmyrene שם Lzb377); — absolute ׳שׁ Gen 6:4 +; construct ׳שׁ Gen 12:8 +, rarely שֶׁםֿ 1Sa 8:2 +; suffix שְׁמִי Exo 3:15 +, שִׁמְךָ Gen 32:9 +, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ 1Ki 18:31 +, etc.; plural שֵׁמוֺת (rarely שֵׁמֹת) Gen 2:20 +; construct שְׁמוֺת Exo 6:16 +, suffix שְׁמוֺתָם Num 13:4 +, שְׁמוֺתָן Eze 23:4 (twice in verse); — name:
1 of river Gen 2:11, Gen 2:13, Gen 2:14, beasts Gen 2:19; Gen 2:20, city Gen 26:33 (all J) +; ׳שׁ היּוֺם Eze 24:2, i.e. exact designation of it (+ הַיּ ׳אֶתעֶֿצֶם הַזֶּה).
2. a. usually of person: Gen 4:17, Gen 4:19 (twice in verse) (J) +; as significant 1Sa 25:25, compare Pro 21:24; especially in phrase אֶלְקָנָה וּשְׁמוֺ ֗֗֗ אִישׁ וַיְהִי 1Sa 1:1, compare 1Sa 9:1-2, Jer 37:13 28t.; less often as שְׁמוֺ גָּלְיָת 1Sa 17:4, compare Zec 6:12 Zec 6:5t. (compare in Assyrian KraeBAS i. 430); frequently with קָרָא (q. v. 6, and Niph`al 2, Pu`al; note here, שׁ ׳נִקְרָא עַל in token of ownership 2Sa 12:28 (see Dr), Isa 4:1); rarely, אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ שִׂים Jdg 8:31, compare 2Ki 17:34; Neh 9:7; שׁ לָהֶם ׳וַיָּ֫שֶׂם Dan 1:7; with יֵאָמֵר Gen 32:29 (J); change of name is without verb, as Gen 17:15 (P), or (usually) with יִהְיֶה Gen 35:10 (P) Israel shall be thy name. compare Gen 17:5; 1Ki 18:31; 1Ch 22:9, also יְהו אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ ׳וַיַסֵּב 2Ki 23:34 2Ch 36:4, compare 2Ki 24:17, and (suj. ׳י) ׳שׁ אֶתֶּןלֿוֺ עוֺלָם Isa 56:5; מַהשְּֿׁמֶ֑ךָ Gen 32:28, compare Exo 3:13; Pro 30:4, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ מִית Jdg 13:17; be explicitly mentioned is: בְּשֵׁמוֺת וְכֻלָּם Ezr 10:16, בְשׁ ׳נִקְּבוּ Num 1:17; 1Ch 16:41; 2Ch 28:15; 2Ch 31:10; Ezr 8:20, בְּשׁ ׳הַבָּאִים 1Ch 4:38, בְּשׁ ׳וַיָבזֹם 1Ch 4:41; of things, תִּקְדוּ וּבְשֵׁמוֺת Num 4:32 (P), + Num 4:27 (read ᵐ5 בְּשֵׁמֹת Di Baen Gray); בְּשֵׁם יְדַעְתִּיךָ Exo 33:12 (subject ׳י), i.e. acknowledge thee, personally (as mine), compare Exo 33:17 (both J); ׳בְּשׁ ׳פ as the representative of 1Sa 25:5, 1Sa 25:9; 1Ki 21:8; Jer 29:25; Est 2:22; Est 3:12; Est 8:8 (twice in verse); Est 8:10 (compare also 3).
b. = reputation; (1) שְׁמֶ֫ךָ וַאֲגַדְּלָה Gen 12:2 (J), בָּאָרֶץ שׁ לִךָ ׳וְעָשִׂתִי אֲשֶׁר הַגְּדֹלִים כְּשֵׁם גָּדוֺל 2Sa 7:9; make oneself a name שׁ לָנוּ ׳וְנַעֲשֶׂח Gen 11:4 (J), שׁ לוֺ ׳וַיַּעַשׂ 2Sa 8:13, of ׳י Jer 32:20, hence Neh 9:10; Dan 9:15; Isa 63:12, Isa 63:14, so with שׂוּם 2Sa 7:23 = 1Ch 17:21; בְּ שֵׁם לָךְ ׳וַיֵּצֵא Eze 16:14 (compare 1Ch 14:17), 2Ch 26:15 עַדלְֿמֵרָחוֺק, 2Ch 26:8 עַדלְֿ שְׁמוֺ ׳וַיֵּלֶךְ; 2Sa 23:18, 2Sa 23:22; = fame, glory, Zep 3:19-20, Eze 39:13. — Eze 34:29 read perhaps ᵐ5 שָׁלֹם Siegf Be Toy; Co שָׁלֵם; Krae conjecture שָׁמֵן; הַשֵּׁם אַנְשֵׁי Gen 6:4 (J), Num 16:2 (J), שֵׁמוֺת אַנְשֵׁי 1Ch 5:24; 1Ch 12:31 (van d. H. v.1Ch 12:30); with negative בְלִישֵֿׁ‰ בְּנֵי Job 30:3; (2) bad sense, רָ֑ע שֵׁם עָלָיהָ וְהוֺצִא Dan 22:14; compare Dan 22:19; Neh 6:13; = byword Eze 23:10; ׳הַשּׁ טְמֵאַת Eze 22:5.
c. especially as giving a man kind of posthumous life, especially in his sons, שְׁמִי הַזְכֵּיר בֵּעֲבוּר בֵן אֵיןלִֿי 2Sa 18:18, בְּ שֵׁם לְאָחִיו ׳לְהָקִים Deu 25:7, compare Deu 25:6; Rth 4:5, Rth 4:10, without whom it is blotted out, etc., Deu 25:6, compare Num 27:4 (P), Rth 4:10, so that to destroy one's name = extirpate family (and שֵׁם sometimes Is || צֶרַע) 1Sa 24:22 (Gi v.1Sa 24:21), 2Sa 14:7 (|| שְׁאֵרִית), so of peoples Deu 7:24; Deu 9:14; Deu 12:3; Isa 14:22 +; עוֺד מִשִּׁמְךָ יִוָּרַע לאֹ Nah 1:14 (of Nineveh); וְשִׁמְכֶם זַרְעֲכֶם יַעֲמֹד כֵּן Isa 66:22; more abstract (|| זֵכֶר) Job 18:17; Pro 10:7.
3 name, as designation of God, specifically of ׳י (especially Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isa2, 3, Psalms): — first (in Hexateuch) in phrase ׳ק ׳בְּשׁ ׳י Gen 4:26 (J), call with, i.e. use the name ׳י in worship, so Gen 12:8; Gen 13:4; Gen 21:33; Gen 26:35 + (see קרא
2c); hence, of place of worship, שָׁם מאתשְֿׁמִי אַוְּכִּיר אֲשֶׁר בְּכָלהַֿמָּקוֺם Exo 20:24 (Gi Exo 20:21); שָׁם אֶתשְֿׁמוֺ [לְשַׁכֵּן] לָשׂוּם Deu 12:5, Deu 12:11 +; לִשְׁמִי בַּיִת בָּנָה 2Sa 7:13 + often; people come ׳לְשׁ ׳י Jos 9:9 (RD), so שׁ ׳לְמֵעַן 1Ki 8:41 2Ch 6:32; Isa 60:9; seek it Psa 83:17; swear with ׳בְּשׁ ׳י 1Sa 20:42; Deu 6:13; Deu 10:20; Lev 19:12, compare (לַשָּׁוְא) Exo 20:7 (twice in verse)=Deu 5:11 (twice in verse); ׳תָּפַשׁ ׳י Pro 30:9; שְׁמִיעַלֿ נִקְרָא, etc., in token of ownership (compare 2a), Jer 7:10 + ; = his reputation, fame, with לוֺ עָשָׁה, see 1b (1), compare Jos 7:9; ׳בְּשׁ ׳י, i.e. as his representative Exo 5:23 (J), 1Sa 17:45; Deu 10:8; 2Sa 6:18; 2Ki 2:24 + (see
2a near the end); especially as embodying the (revealed) character of ׳י: ׳י שְׁמוֺ Amo 5:8; Amo 9:6; Jer 33:2, לְעֹלָם שְּׁמִי וֶה Exo 3:15 (E; || זֵכֶר; fundamental passage), Exo 6:3 (P); ׳י שְׁמוֺ׳(א עְבָאוֺת ) Amo 4:13; Amo 5:27; Jer 10:16; Jer 46:18 Jer 46:10t. Jeremiah, Isa2, ׳י שְׁמוֺ קַנָּא Exo 34:14 (J; compare Exo 20:5; Nah 1:2), שׁ ׳קָדוֺשׁ Isa 57:15, ׳שׁ [וֺ] קָדְשִׁי Amo 2:7; Eze 39:7; Eze 43:7; Psa 103:1 + often; hence object of knowledge Isa 52:6; Jer 48:17, שְׁמֶ֑ךָ יֹדְעֵי Psa 9:11 (|| דֹּרְשֶׁיךָ), love Isa 56:5, שׁ ׳אֹהֲבֵי Psa 5:12; Psalm 69:37; Psa 119:132, fear Psa 61:6, especially of praise, etc. (בֵּרַח הוֺדָה, הִןכִּיר, חִלֵּל,, etc.): אֲוַמֵּר לְשִׁמְךָ 2Sa 22:50 (|| אוֺדְךָ and so very often || ׳י) = Psa 18:50, compare 1Ch 16:10; 1Ch 29:13; Psalm 45:18; Isa 26:13; 1Ki 8:33, 1Ki 8:35 2Ch 6:24, 2Ch 6:26; Psa 8:2; Psalm 8:10 +; ׳חָבוּלי שְׁמוֺ כְּבוֺד Psa 29:2; Psa 96:8, and many comibinations; opposed to אֶתשֿׁ ׳חִלֵּל ׳א Lev 18:21 +, שׁ ׳נקב ׳י Lev 24:16, שׁ ׳נִאֵץ Psa 74:10; Psa 74:18, etc.; ׳הַשּׁ וְהַנּוֺרָא הַנִּכְבָּד Deu 28:58, compare Neh 1:11; שִׁמְךָ לְמַעַן, in appeals to ׳י to act according to his character Jer 14:7, Jer 14:21; Eze 20:9, Eze 20:14; Isa 48:9; Isa 66:5; Psa 25:11; Psa 31:4 +; ׳שׁ ׳י is powerful agent, הוֺשִׁיעֵנִי בְּשִׁמְךָ Psa 54:3 (|| בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ), compare Psa 124:8; of ׳י י, ׳מַלְאַךָ says בְּקִרְבּוֺ שְׁמִי Exo 23:21 (E); הַשֵּׁם Lev 24:11 is probably scribal substitution for word ׳י (already beginning to be thought ineffable, especially with וַיִקֹּב compare GeiUrschr.273 f. Di Dr-Wh Baen); on development of this usage, and Jewish use of ׳הַשּׁ as personified or hypostasis, see LevyNHWB under the word Jastrs.see — שְׁמֶ֑ךָ קָרוֺב Psa 75:2 is striking, but doubtful, < ᵐ5 Dy Che Gr Hup-Now שׁ ׳קֹרְאֵי, Du בִשׁ ׳קָרָנוּ (= קָרָאנוּ).
4 of false gods, use forbidden Exo 23:13 (E), Jos 23:7 (RD), compare Hos 2:19; Psa 16:4;speak אחרים אלהים בְּשֵׁם Deu 18:20; בְשׁ ׳קָרָא ׳א 1Ki 18:24-25, 1Ki 18:26; בְשׁ ׳יֵלְכוּ ׳א Mic 4:5.
5 = memorial, monument Isa 55:13 (|| אוֺת; so Che Du > = fame Di-Kit), וגו מִבָּנִים ׳טוֺב וָשֵׁם יָד Isa 56:5 (with word-play on ׳שׁ 1c).
שֻׁם noun masculine name (see Biblical Hebrew שֵׁם); — construct ׳שׁ Ezr 5:1 +; suffix שְׁמֵהּ Dan 2:20 +; plural construct שְׁמָהָת Ezr 5:4, suffix תְהֹם- Ezr 5:10; — name, of divinity: Dan 2:20; Dan 4:5; Ezr 5:1; Ezr 6:12; of a man: Dan 2:26; Dan 4:15; Dan 4:16; Dan 5:12 (all Daniel), Ezr 5:4, Ezr 5:10 (twice in verse) also Ezr 5:14, with which compare S-CK 4, 5, s f., 12 f.