שָׁאַר
shâʼar · H7604 · Hebrew · 133 occurrences
Meanings
-
to remain, to be left
State in which humans, animals, plants, or objects remain in a certain place after part of the original quantity has disappeared or has been used or dealt with in a certain way
ExamplesGenesis 7:23 So He wiped out every living thing that was upon the face of the land, from mankind to animals, to crawling things, and the birds of the sky, and they were wiped out from the earth; and only Noah was left, together with those that were with him in the ark.
Genesis 42:38 But Jacob said, “My son shall not go down with you; for his brother is dead, and he alone is left. If harm should happen to him on the journey you are taking, then you will bring my gray hair down to Sheol in sorrow.”
Deuteronomy 2:34 So we captured all his cities at that time and utterly destroyed the men, women, and children of every city. We left no survivor.
-
to remain, be left
State in which only a limited number of activities are to take place after other activities have come to an end
ExamplesLeviticus 25:52 but if few years remain until the year of jubilee, he shall so calculate with him. In proportion to his years he is to refund the amount for his redemption.
Job 21:34 So how dare you give me empty comfort? For your answers remain nothing but falsehood!
Isaiah 24:12 Desolation is left in the city And the gate is battered to ruins.
How it’s used In 10 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
112 occurrences in 38 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 25
- Not stated (participle) 21
- Not stated: they 14
- הוּאhe, she, it 4
- אִישׁman, person, each 4
- Not stated: we 4
- Other words · 29 groups that occur once or twice (32) 32
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
32 occurrences in 22 groups
- שָׂרִידsurvivor 12
- Other words · 21 groups that occur once or twice (26) 26
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
79 occurrences in 61 groups
- לto/for+ וֹhim 8
- בin/on/with+ עִירcity, town 7
- בin/on/with+ אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 5
- בin/on/with+ הֶםthem 4
- בin/on/with+ הָher 3
- לto/for+ בַּדalone, besides, pole 3
- Other words · 55 groups that occur once or twice (64) 64
With adverbsAdverbs
35 occurrences in 6 groups
- לֹאnot 31
- בְּלִיwithout, not 1
- יַחַדtogether 1
- סָבִיבround about, around, on every side 1
- עוֹדstill, again, yet 1
- שָׁםthere 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- אֵלֶּהthese 2
- רָאָהto see 1
- שָׁאַרto remain 1
Named alongside itApposition
9 occurrences in 7 groups
- גּוֹיnation, people 2
- פְּלֵיטָהthose that escaped 2
- אָחbrother 1
- יֶתֶרremainder 1
- אִישׁman, person, each 1
- כָּתַבto write down, to write, to inscribe 1
What it doesIt is the subject
8 occurrences in 8 groups
- אָכַלto eat, to devour 1
- מוּתto die 1
- מָצָהto squeeze 1
- מָקַקto waste away, to rot 1
- נוּסto flee 1
- אָבַדto perish, to destroy 1
What is done to itIt is the object
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- נָכָהto strike, to strike down 2
- כָּחַדto hide, to cut off 1
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 1
What it is said to bePredicate
2 occurrences in 3 groups
- חֶרְפָּהdisgrace, reproach 1
- מִיwho? 1
- רַעevil, bad 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- לto/for 2
- בְּעַדfor, behind, through 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- יָתַר yâthar · H3498 · to remain, to be left behind, to be left over
- Both lexemes denote remaining/being left behind as a core sense; this is genuine same-language near-synonymy (two distinct Hebrew words that can substitute for one another in contexts of remnant/remainder).
In the other Testament 1 word
- καταλείπω kataleípō · G2641 · to leave, to leave from, to go away from
- Greek καταλείπω renders the Hebrew root's core sense of leaving/remaining with the additional nuance of 'leaving behind' (kata- prefix emphasizing downward/complete leaving), making it a standard LXX translation equivalent for שָׁאַר across contexts of remnant, residue, and what is left over.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Remain002002001015
- Genesis 7:23 records that "only Noah was left," and Genesis 42:38 has Jacob say of his remaining son, "he alone is left," both directly attesting the sense of persisting or being left over that this word denotes.
- Happen002002003003
- This word's broader gloss ("remain, remnant, reserve, the rest") can shade into a resulting state of affairs that comes to be left standing after events unfold; the sampled citations chiefly show its plainer sense of persons or things being left, rather than this outcome-oriented shade.
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7604. shaar I. שָׁאַר verb remain, be left over (Synonym יָתַר (Late Hebrew id.; שְׁאַר…
I. שָׁאַר verb remain, be left over (Synonym יָתַר (Late Hebrew id.; שְׁאַר ᵑ7; Sabean סאר remaining HomChr 124; Arabic , be left over, Lane, compare Lane, compare LagGGN 1889, 297; Old Aramaic שאר remainder, Nabataean שארית, see Lzb371 SAC110); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ 1Sa 16:11 the youngest still remains.
Niph`al93 Perfect3masculine singular נִשְׁאַר Gen 47:18 +; 3 feminine singularנִשְׁאֲרָה Jos 13:1; Dan 10:8, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשָּׁאֵר Isa 11:11, Isa 11:16, וַיִּשּׁ֫אֶר Gen 7:23, etc.; ,Participle נִשְׁאָר Gen 32:9 +, וְנֵאשֲׁאַר Eze 9:8 (read וְנִשְׁאָר Hi Toy Krae, וָאֶשָּׁ֫אֶר Sm; strike out ᵐ5 Hi Co Siegf Berthol); feminine נִשְׁאָרָה 2Ki 19:30 = Isa 37:31, נִשְׁאֶ֫רֶת Exo 10:5; 2Ch 30:6, נִשְׁאָ֫רֶת Jos 13:2, etc.; —
1 be left over (sometimes ||) Exo 8:27; Exo 10:19; Exo 14:28 (all J), Jos 11:22 (D), Jdg 7:3; 2Sa 14:7 +; in restrictive clause נ ׳לא זוּלַת 2Ki 24:14 there were left only, etc.,וגו אִם בִּלְתִּי ׳אדֹנִי Gen 47:18 (J); followed by accusative adverb (Ges§ 118q), or appositive, Deu 4:27; Ezr 9:15, compare ׳נ מְעָ֑ט בִּמְתֵי Deu 28:62 (Ges§ 119i); sometimes with ב location Exo 8:5; Exo 8:7 (J), Jer 38:22 +; with אֵת (preposition local) Jos 23:7, Jos 23:12 (D); with מִן = be left from (of) Exo 10:5 (J), Deu 3:11; Jos 13:12 (D), Isa 11:11, Isa 11:16; Jer 8:3a (participle; vb strike out {abbrev}ᵑ6 ᵐ5 הַנּ Hi Gf Gie Co), Neh 1:2-3,׳נ מֵהַרְבֵּה מְעַט Jer 42:2; with לְ to or for, 2Ki 10:11, 2Ki 10:17 (participle), Zec 9:7; 2Ch 21:17, ׳הַנּ מִןהַֿבָּרָד לָכֶם Exo 10:5, compare 2Ch 30:6 and (ב location for ל) Jer 21:7; with בְּ in, among, of, 1Sa 11:11; Isa 17:6; Jer 34:7; Jer 37:10; Lev 26:36, Lev 26:39 (H; participle), Lev 25:52 (P; of years), even ׳הַנּ בַּדָּם Lev 5:9 (P) the rest of the blood; with לְַ 1Sa 5:4; with infinitive ׳נ לְרִשְׁתָּהּ Jos 13:1 (D); = be left alive, survive, Gen 7:23 (J), Eze 9:8 (but on text see above); ׳הַנּ = the survivors, Gen 14:10; 1Sa 11:11; Eze 17:21; participle as technical term = the (purified) remainder, remnant (compare שְׁאֵרִית שְׁאָר,) Isa 4:3 (ב location; ||), 2Ch 34:21 (ב location). — ׳הַנּ 1Sa 9:24 is dubious; what is left over, in polite depreciation, Bu; read הַשְּׁאֵר HPS.
2 be left behind, Exo 10:26 (E), Num 11:26 (JE); with לְבַדּוֺ Gen 42:38 (J), compare Isa 49:21; Dan 10:8; of widow Rth 1:3 + מִן of the dead Rth 1:5.
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singularהִשְׁאִיר Exo 10:12 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַשְׁאִיר Deu 28:51, Deu 28:1plural נַשְׁאֵר 1Sa 14:36 (Ges§ 48g; 109d Köp. 466 f.), etc.; Infinitive construct הַשְׁאִיר Ezr 9:8, see also below; —
1 leave over, spare, with accusative Exo 10:12(E), 2Ki 25:22; Jer 49:9 = Obadiah 5; Jos 11:14 (D), Jdg 6:4; אַשׁ לַאֲשֶׁר ׳אֶסְלַח Jer 50:20; especially הִשׁ ׳לֹא שָׂרִיד leave no survivor, Jos 10:28, cf Jos 10:30; Jos 10:37; Jos 10:39; Jos 10:40 (all D), so הִשׁ ׳דְַבִּֿלְתִּי ׳שׂ (sometimes with ל person) Num 21:35(E) = Deu 3:3, compare Deu 2:34; Jos 8:22; Jos 11:8 (both J E), Jos 10:33(D), 2Ki 10:11, and ׳הִשׁ כֹּ֑ל לוֺ מִבְּלִיDeu 28:55 (in all these read Infinitive construct ׳הַשׁ, see DrDeu 3:3; Deu 7:24); with ב, among, of, 1Sa 14:36, ב location 1Ki 19:18; Zep 3:12 (in both of preserving a pious remnant, compare שְׁאֵרִית שְׁאָר,), also 2Ki 3:25 (Bur reads בָּנֶיהָ for אֲבָנֶיהָ, Kit אֲנָשִׁים, compare Klo Benz); with לְ person Deu 28:51; 1Ki 15:29; 1Ki 16:11; 2Ki 13:7; Ezr 9:8; with מִן, from, of, 2Ki 10:14, מִן particle 1Sa 25:22; 2Ki 25:12 = Jer 52:16; Jer 39:10.
2, leave or keep over (מִן particle) till morning Num 9:12 (P).
3 ׳תַּשׁ מֵאָה Amo 5:3 the city shall have100left, compare vAmos 5:3.
4 leave as a gift, ׳וְהִשׁ בְּרָכָה אַחֲרָיו Joe 2:14. — We Now read וַיַּשְׁאֵר Mal 2:15, see שְׁאָר. below
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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