Word

קָרוֹב

qârôwb · H7138 · Hebrew · 77 occurrences

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Meanings

near, close

A reference to a relatively small distance from a vantage point

Examples
Genesis 19:20 now behold, this town is near enough to flee to, and it is small. Please, let me escape there (is it not small?) so that my life may be saved.”
Genesis 45:10 “For you shall live in the land of Goshen, and you shall be near me, you and your children and your grandchildren, and your flocks and your herds and all that you have.
Exodus 12:4 ‘Now if the household is too small for a lamb, then he and his neighbor nearest to his house are to take one according to the number of persons in them; in proportion to what each one should eat, you are to divide the lamb.
near, close

Literally: near; hence: state in which humans and deities are in a close relationship to one another

Examples
Psalm 148:14 And He has lifted up a horn for His people, Praise for all His godly ones, For the sons of Israel, a people near to Him. Praise the LORD!
(Someone who is) Near (in rank); hence: a person who is relatively close in rank and status (close (in rank))

Examples
Esther 1:14 and were close to him, namely, Carshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memucan, the seven officials of Persia and Media who had access to the king’s presence and sat in the first place in the kingdom—
close relative, kinsman

(Someone who is) Hear (within the family tree); hence: a person who is relatively closely related

Examples
Leviticus 21:2 except for his relatives who are nearest to him, his mother, his father, his son, his daughter, and his brother,
Leviticus 21:3 also for his virgin sister who is near to him because she has not had a husband; for her, he may defile himself.
Leviticus 25:25 ‘If a fellow countryman of yours becomes so poor that he sells part of his property, then his closest redeemer is to come and buy back what his relative has sold.
near, like, similar

Literally: near (in likeness); hence: state in which an object is considered relatively similar to another object

Examples
Job 17:12 “They make night into day, saying, ‘The light is near,’ in the presence of darkness.
near, imminent, at hand

Literally: (in the) near (future); hence: state in which an event is expected to happen soon

Examples
Deuteronomy 32:35 ‘Vengeance is Mine, and retribution; In due time their foot will slip. For the day of their disaster is near, And the impending things are hurrying to them.’
Proverbs 10:14 Wise people store up knowledge, But with the mouth of the foolish, ruin is at hand.
Isaiah 13:6 Wail, for the day of the LORD is near! It will come as destruction from the Almighty.
lately

Literally: from (the) near (past); hence: state in which an event has happend only a short time ago

Examples
Deuteronomy 32:17 “They sacrificed to demons, who were not God, To gods whom they have not known, New gods who came lately, Whom your fathers did not know.
brief

State in which an event lasts for a relatively short time

Examples
Job 20:5 That the rejoicing of the wicked is short, And the joy of the godless momentary?
warrior, officer

Meaning unsure; possibly: a soldier, possibly of relatively high rank

Examples
Ezekiel 23:5 “Oholah prostituted herself while she was Mine; and she lusted after her lovers, after the Assyrians, her neighbors,
Ezekiel 23:12 “She lusted after the Assyrians, governors and officials, the ones near, opulently dressed, horsemen riding on horses, all of them handsome young men.

How it’s used In 8 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

6 occurrences in 2 groups

יmy 3
הוּhis 3

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

1 occurrences in 1 groups

לְבוּשׁclothing 1

Named alongside itApposition

3 occurrences in 3 groups

אָחוֹתsister 1
עַםpeople 1
אַשּׁוּרAsshur 1

What it doesIt is the subject

5 occurrences in 5 groups

חָדַלto cease, to stop 1
נָפַלto fall 1
עָמַדto stand 1
קָלַסto scoff, to mock 1
בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 1

What is done to itIt is the object

4 occurrences in 2 groups

הָיָהto be, to become 3
אָמַרto say 1

What it is said to bePredicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

כַּרְשְׁנָאCarshena 1

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

35 occurrences in 23 groups

יוֹםday, time 10
Other words · 22 groups that occur once or twice (26) 26

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

8 occurrences in 4 groups

מִןfrom 6
בin/on/with 3
עַלon, upon, over, against 2
לto/for 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Contrasting words 1 word

רָחוֹק râchôwq · H7350 · far, distant, distance: The direct lexical opposite of קָרוֹב, denoting that which is far or distant rather than near.

In the other Testament 2 words

ἐγγύς engýs · G1451 · near, nearby: Greek ἐγγύς renders Hebrew קָרוֹב across spatial, temporal, and kinship proximity senses, functioning as the primary LXX translation equivalent for 'near' in all its Hebrew semantic range.
ἐγγίζω engízō · G1448 · to draw near, to come near, to approach: ἐγγίζω (engízō, G1448) functions as the verbal dynamic equivalent ('to approach, draw near') to קָרוֹב (qârôwb, H7138)'s stative/adjectival sense ('near, at hand'), both denoting spatial or relational proximity, with the Greek rendering Hebrew constructions where nearness is predicated or enacted rather than merely attributed.

Semantic domains 8 entries

Spatial Referents003002005: The word means near or close by, directly illustrated by the town near enough for Lot to flee to (Genesis 19:20), Goshen where Joseph's family would live near him (Genesis 45:10), and the land of the Philistines being near, though God did not lead Israel that way (Exodus 13:17).
Associate002003002002: This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations, which all concern physical or kinship proximity rather than an association being formed.
Great002001002012: This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
Relatives001001003012: The word's kinship sense is directly illustrated by the household too small for a lamb sharing with "his neighbor nearest to his house" in proportion to the household's size (Exodus 12:4).
Similar002001001056: This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations, which concern spatial or kinship nearness rather than similarity.
Temporal Referents003002006: This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
Non-Endure002002003002: This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations.
Soldiers001001003013: This domain is not independently illustrated by the sampled citations, though the command for every man to kill "his brother, his friend, and his neighbor" after the golden calf (Exodus 32:27) occurs in a military context.

Word family 9 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

קָרַב qârab · H7126 · to approach, to come near, to come forward · 280×קֶרֶב qereb · H7130 · inner parts, entrails, stomach · 227×קׇרְבָּן qorbân · H7133 · offering, gift, present · 82×קָרוֹבqârôwb · H7138קָרֵב qârêb · H7131 · to approach, to come near, to come forward · 12×קְרֵב qᵉrêb · H7127 · approach, come, draw near · 9×קְרָב qᵉrâb · H7128 · battle, war · 9×קְרָבָה qᵉrâbâh · H7132 · drawing near (to God) · 2×קְרָב qᵉrâb · H7129 · war · 1×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7138. qarob קָרוֺב קָרֹב,78 adjective near; — absolute קָרֹב Exo 12:4 +, וֺב- 2 Samuel…

H7138. qarob
קָרוֺב קָרֹב,78
adjective near; — absolute קָרֹב Exo 12:4 +, וֺב- 2 Samuel 19:48 +; plural קְרֹבִים 1Ki 8:59, קְרוֺבִים Isa 33:13 +; feminine plural קְרֹבוֺת Eze 22:5, etc.; — near (often opposed to רָחוֺק) :
1 of city Gen 19:20 (+ שָׁ֫מָּה לָנוּס), Jer 48:24, ׳הַקּ Deu 21:3 the nearest (+אֶל), compare (of elders) Deu 21:6; of land 1Ki 8:46 2Ch 6:36; road Exo 13:17; = contiguous, כֶּרֶם 1Ki 21:2 (+ בֵּיתִי אֵצֶל).
2 of person:
a. + אֶל person Gen 45:10; Deu 13:8; Deu 22:2; Jos 9:16; 1 Chronicles 12:41 (van d. H. v40); ׳הַקּ אֶל Exo 12:4 the nearest to; with suffix קְרֹבוֺ Exo 32:27, i.e. his neighbour.
b. absolute (opposed to or + רחוק, oft,= near and far, i.e. all without distinction), Eze 6:12; Isa 57:19; Pro 27:10; plural Isa 33:13; Jer 25:26; Dan 9:7; Est 9:20; Exo 22:5; ׳ק of distress, personified, Psa 22:12.; — Eze 23:5, Eze 23:12 Co Berthol read קְרוּאִים famous; Toy רַבִּים (compare Jer 39:13); Hpt in Toy Krae conjectures קְרוֺדִים (Assyrian ‡urâ du, warrior).
c. of near relationship, + אֶל person2 Sam Jeremiah 19:43; Lev 21:2-3, Lev 25:25 (all H), Num 27:11 (P); ל pers Neh 13:4; Rth 2:20; + מִן compare Rth 3:12; of intimacy, קְרֹנוֺ Psa 15:3 (|| רֵעֵהוּ), קְרוֺבַי Job 19:14 (|| מְיֻדָּעַי) Psa 38:12 (|| וְרֵעַי אֹהֲנַי); near, in office, Est 1:14.
d. near to י קְרֹבוֺ ׳עַם Psa 148:14 (Ri Bae קְרכָו the people of those near him).
e. near to ׳י in ceremon function, with אֶל Eze 43:19, with ל Eze 42:13, suffix Lev 10:3.
f. of God (׳י), + אֶל person Deu 4:7; Deu 30:14; ל pers Psa 34:19; Psa 145:18; abs Jer 12:2; Isa 50:8; Isa 55:6 Psa 119:151; מִקָּרֹב אֱלֹהֵי Jer 23:23 a God from near by (opposed to ׳א מֵרָחוֺק ); ׳ק of י ׳צֶרֶק Isa 51:5, י ׳יֶשַׁע Psa 85:10 (+ ל of person); — שִׁמְךָ ׳ק Psa 75:2, read בְּשׁ ׳קֹרְאֵי Dy Che Gr Dr, compare Bae ᵐ5 SyeVer Du.
g. of word, + אֶל person Deu 30:14; prayer, + ׳אֶליֿ 1Ki 8:59.
3 of time : ׳ק אֵידָם יוֺם Deu 32:35; especially of י ׳יוֺם Zep 1:7, Zep 1:14 (twice in verse); Eze 30:3 (perhaps del as ᵐ5 Co Krae), Eze 30:3; Isa 13:6; Obadiah 15; Joe 1:15; Joe 2:1; Joel 4:14, compare Eze 7:7; + infinitive ׳ק לָבוֺא אֵירמֿוֺאָב Jer 48:16, compare Isa 13:22; Isa 56:1; ק ׳מְחִתָּה Pro 10:14 imminent ruin; מִקָּרוֺכ Deu 32:17 recently, so Eze 11:3 ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Co Siegf Berthol (for Mt בְּקָרוֺב) Eze 7:8 soon; Job 20:5 of the briefest; — ק ׳אוֺר חשֶׁח מִמְּנֵי Job 17:12 is dubious; Thes (my) light is near to (prope abest a, as Arabic , but not proven in Hebrew) darkness; Di light (they say) is near (breaking away) from darkness, will soon leave it behind; But מֶּןיֶֿחְשַׁךְ קְרוֺבָם אוֺר the light of their intimate friend shall not (?)grow dark.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 8 entries

Relatives10 occurrences Soldiers2 occurrences Similar1 occurrence Great1 occurrence Non-Endure1 occurrence Associate1 occurrence Spatial Referents38 occurrences Temporal Referents22 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0