Word

פָּתַח

pâthach · H6605 · Hebrew · 144 occurrences

See all 144 in Search

Thing

Meanings

  1. to open

    Causative action by which humans or deities allow others entrance, passage, or access (in)to a building, construction, or area by withdrawing a gate, door, window, lid, covering, or other boundary; sometimes associated with freedom, sometimes with being exposed, vulnerable

    Examples

    Genesis 8:6 Then it came about at the end of forty days, that Noah opened the window of the ark which he had made;

    Joshua 10:22 Then Joshua said, “Open the mouth of the cave and bring these five kings out to me from the cave.”

    Nehemiah 7:3 Then I said to them, “The gates of Jerusalem are not to be opened until the sun is hot, and while they are standing guard, the gatekeepers are to keep the doors shut and bolted. Also appoint guards from the inhabitants of Jerusalem, each at his post, and each in front of his own house.”

  2. Figurative causative action by which a deity opens a person's ear, mouth, lips, or womb so as to grant a human faculty or capacity — hearing, speech, or the ability to bear children (to enable (someone) to hear, to enable to speak, to enable (someone) to have children)

    Examples

    Isaiah 50:5 The Lord GOD has opened My ear, And I was not disobedient, Nor did I turn back.

    Numbers 22:28 Then the LORD opened the mouth of the donkey, and she said to Balaam, “What have I done to you, that you have struck me these three times?”

    Genesis 30:22 Then God remembered Rachel, and God listened to her and opened her womb.

  3. to loose, to untie, to undo

    Action by which humans detach an object that is tied around them

    Examples

    Isaiah 20:2 at that time the LORD spoke through Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, “Go and loosen the sackcloth from your hips and take your sandals off your feet.” And he did so, going naked and barefoot.

  4. to loose, to untie

    Causative action by which humans remove a rope linking two objects

    Examples

    Job 38:31 “Can you tie up the chains of the Pleiades, Or untie the cords of Orion?

  5. to unharness, to unload

    Causative action by which humans release animals from bridles and loads and everything else that hampers them

    Examples

    Genesis 24:32 So the man entered the house. Then Laban unloaded the camels, and he gave straw and feed to the camels, and water to wash his feet and the feet of the men who were with him.

  6. Literally: to loose the bonds of wickedness; hence: action by which humans let go of an activity directed at other humans that is considered evil, as if this activity was a rope or chain by which those others were tied ("to loose bonds of wickedness" to release (people) that are kept in bondage unjustly)

    Examples

    Isaiah 58:6 “Is this not the fast that I choose: To release the bonds of wickedness, To undo the ropes of the yoke, And to let the oppressed go free, And break every yoke?

  7. Literally: to ungird (someone's) sackcloth; hence: causative action by which deities bring joy into the life of humans, as if by removing the mourning clothes they wear ("to ungird (someone's) sackcloth" to bring joy (to someone))

    Examples

    Psalm 30:11 You have turned my mourning into dancing for me; You have untied my sackcloth and encircled me with joy,

  8. to depose

    Figurative causative action by which someone removes another person from a position of authority, as if loosening the belt symbolizing that authority

    Examples

    Job 12:18 “He undoes the binding of kings, And ties a loincloth around their waist.

    Isaiah 45:1 This is what the LORD says to Cyrus His anointed, Whom I have taken by the right hand, To subdue nations before him And to undo the weapons belt on the waist of kings; To open doors before him so that gates will not be shut:

  9. Literally: to loose (someone's) bonds; hence: causative action by which deities save humans from danger, as if by releasing them from the trap in which they were caught ("to loose (someone's) bonds" to deliver (someone))

    Examples

    Psalm 116:16 O LORD, I surely am Your slave, I am Your slave, the son of Your female slave, You have unfastened my restraints.

  10. Literally: to untie (someone's) bowstring; hence: causative action by which deities remove humans from a position of power and status, as if by removing the string from their bow to disarm them ("to untie (someone's) bowstring" to weaken (someone))

    Examples

    Job 30:11 “Because He has undone my bowstring and afflicted me, They have cast off the bridle before me.

  11. to explain, to solve

    Literally: to open up words; hence: causative action by which humans make difficult words easy to understand

    Examples

    Psalm 49:4 I will incline my ear to a proverb; I will express my riddle on the harp.

  12. to release, to set free

    Causative action by which humans and deities release a prisoner

    Examples

    Job 39:5 “Who sent the wild donkey out free? And who opened the bonds of the swift donkey,

    Psalm 105:20 The king sent and released him, The ruler of peoples, and set him free.

    Jeremiah 40:4 “But now, behold, I am setting you free today from the chains that are on your hands. If you would prefer to come with me to Babylon, come along, and I will look after you; but if you would prefer not to come with me to Babylon, do not come. Look, the whole land is before you; go wherever it seems good and right for you to go.”

  13. to open, to let loose

    Literally: to open an event; hence: causative action by which humans cause or allow an event to happen

    Examples

    Jeremiah 1:14 Then the LORD said to me, “Out of the north the evil will be unleashed on all the inhabitants of the land.

    Amos 8:5 saying, “When will the new moon be over, So that we may sell grain; And the Sabbath, so that we may open the wheat market, To make the ephah smaller and the shekel bigger, And to cheat with dishonest scales,

  14. Action by which humans or animals open their mouth, in order to eat or swallow something; here used figuratively about the earth that opens up to swallow someone alive and send that person to the world of the dead (to open (one's) mouth)

    Examples

    Numbers 16:32 and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them, their households, and all the people who belonged to Korah with all their possessions.

    Numbers 26:10 and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up along with Korah, when that group died, when the fire devoured 250 men, so that they became a warning sign.

  15. eyes are opened

    Literally: (one's) eyes are open; hence: state in which deities are actively watching out for the good of someone else

    Examples

    1 Kings 8:29 so that Your eyes may be open toward this house night and day, toward the place of which You have said, ‘My name shall be there,’ to listen to the prayer which Your servant will pray toward this place.

    2 Chronicles 7:15 “Now My eyes will be open and My ears attentive to the prayer offered in this place.

    Nehemiah 1:6 let Your ear now be attentive and Your eyes open, to hear the prayer of Your servant which I am praying before You now, day and night, on behalf of the sons of Israel Your servants, confessing the sins of the sons of Israel which we have committed against You; I and my father’s house have sinned.

  16. to open one's mouth to speak

    Action by which humans or animals open their mouth in order to speak

    Examples

    Job 3:1 Afterward Job opened his mouth and cursed the day of his birth.

    Ezekiel 3:2 So I opened my mouth, and He fed me this scroll.

    Psalm 78:2 I will open my mouth in a parable; I will tell riddles of old,

  17. to engrave

    Causative action by which someone carves figures or characters on the surface of a hard object, such as stone or metal, with the help of a sharp tool

    Examples

    Exodus 28:11 “As a jeweler engraves a signet, you shall engrave the two stones according to the names of the sons of Israel; you shall set them in filigree settings of gold.

    2 Chronicles 3:7 He also overlaid the house with gold—the beams, the thresholds, and its walls and doors; and he carved cherubim on the walls.

    Zechariah 3:9 ‘For behold, the stone that I have put before Joshua; on one stone are seven eyes. Behold, I am going to engrave an inscription on it,’ declares the LORD of armies, ‘and I will remove the guilt of that land in one day.

  18. to expose

    Literally: to open (an area); hence: causative action by which deities allow a certain area to become vulnerable and open to enemy attack

    Examples

    Ezekiel 25:9 therefore, behold, I am going to deprive the flank of Moab of its cities, of its cities which are on its frontiers, the glory of the land, Beth-jeshimoth, Baal-meon, and Kiriathaim;

  19. to be generous

    Literally: to open (one's) hand; hence: state in which humans or deities are willing to give

    Examples

    Deuteronomy 15:11 “For the poor will not cease to exist in the land; therefore I am commanding you, saying, ‘You shall fully open your hand to your brother, to your needy and poor in your land.’

    Psalm 104:28 You give to them, they gather it up; You open Your hand, they are satisfied with good.

    Psalm 145:16 You open Your hand And satisfy the desire of every living thing.

How it’s used In 8 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

129 occurrences in 34 groups

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

89 occurrences in 41 groups

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

47 occurrences in 43 groups

With adverbsAdverbs

18 occurrences in 5 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

8 occurrences in 3 groups

Second object ofSecond object

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What it is said to bePredicate

2 occurrences in 1 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

5 occurrences in 2 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 3 words
פָּשַׂק pâsaq · H6589 · to open wide, to spread
Both lexemes genuinely overlap in the "open" semantic space—פָּשַׂק (pâsaq, H6589) "open (wide)" and פָּתַח (pâthach, H6605) with its core sense "(be, be set) open(-ing)" are plausible same-language near-synonyms describing opening actions.
פָּטַר pâṭar · H6362 · exempt, to dismiss
Both words denote opening and can substitute for each other in contexts of releasing or opening.
פָּקַח pâqach · H6491 · to be open, to make see
The target lexeme and פָּקַח both denote opening in Hebrew usage — of eyes, ears, and the like — and are near-synonyms for the sense of enabling access or perception by opening.
In the other Testament 4 words
ἀνοίγω anoígō · G455 · to open, to make open, to regain one’s hearing
Greek ἀνοίγω serves as the primary Septuagint rendering of Hebrew פָּתַח across its core semantic range of 'opening' (doors, gates, eyes, mouth, womb), with both terms sharing the literal-to-figurative extension from physical opening to metaphorical disclosure or release.
διανοίγω dianoígō · G1272 · to open, to make open, to explain
διανοίγω (dianoígō, G1272) is the Greek equivalent of פָּתַח (pâthach, H6605) in contexts involving opening or unsealing, representing the standard LXX rendering of the Hebrew root's core sense of 'to open' with the intensified prefix δια- conveying thoroughness or completeness of the opening action.
λύω lýō · G3089 · to untie, to loosen, to release
Greek λύω specifically denotes loosening/releasing/untying with focus on unbinding constraint, corresponding to the subset of Hebrew פָּתַח senses involving opening through release of restraint (loose, ungird, set free), but not the broader Hebrew range including passive appearing, engraving, or generic opening without implied prior binding.
ἄνοιξις ánoixis · G457 · to address, to start speaking, to begin to speak
ἄνοιξις (ánoixis, G457) ἄνοιξις refers specifically to the act or state of opening (particularly in the phrase 'opening of the throat' in Psalm 5:9/LXX 5:10), representing a nominal form semantically derived from the verbal action denoted by פָּתַח (pâthach, H6605) פָּתַח.
Semantic domains 18 entries
Open002001001042
פָּתַח most often means to open, as of the fountains of the great deep and the floodgates of the sky bursting open in Genesis 7:11, and Noah opening the window of the ark in Genesis 8:6.
Able002001001001
The word describes the LORD opening a woman's womb, enabling her to conceive, as of Leah in Genesis 29:31 and Rachel in Genesis 30:22.
Non-Whole002003001021
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening, unharnessing, or enabling conception rather than a physical division.
Rejoice002001002022
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than an expression of joy.
Non-Role002002002009
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than a role's ending.
Non-Engage002003003012
The word describes taking an animal out of its work, as when Laban unharnesses Abraham's servant's camels upon his arrival in Genesis 24:32.
Safe002003003019
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than deliverance.
Weak002001001069
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than weakness.
Easy002001003005
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than ease.
Free002003002012
The word's sense of loosing or unharnessing ties to a releasing from restraint, closely related to the unharnessing of the camels already illustrated in Genesis 24:32.
Happen002002003003
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than a general occurrence.
Hear002004001003
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than an act of hearing.
Ingest002001001025
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than eating or drinking.
Speak002004001009008
The word's sense of opening extends idiomatically to opening the mouth in speech, a facet of this broad verb's range not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show wombs, windows, and floodgates opening rather than speech.
See002004001005
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than an act of seeing.
Shape002001001052
The word's sense of opening extends to engraving, cutting a shape into a hard surface, a facet of this broad verb's range not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show wombs, windows, and floodgates opening rather than engraving.
Unsafe002003003022
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than danger.
Willing002001002028
This domain's connection to פָּתַח is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of opening rather than willingness.
Word family 9 words
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6605. pathach I. מָּתַח verb open (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician פתח; Assyrian pitû, patû;…
H6605. pathach
I. מָּתַח verb open (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician פתח; Assyrian pitû, patû; Sabean פתח OsZMG xix (1865), 197; Arabic ; Ethiopic ; Aramaic מְּתַח, ; Nabataean, Palmyrene פתח); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳פ 2Ki 15:16 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִפְתַּח Exo 21:33 +; 3 masculine plural suffix יִפְתָּחוּם Neh 13:19, etc.; Imperative masculine singular מְּתַחִ 2Ki 13:17 +; feminine singular מִּתְחִיּ Son 5:2; masculine plural מִּתְחוּ Jos 10:22 +; Infinitive absolute מָּתֹחַ Deu 15:8 +; construct לִפְתֹח Eze 21:27 +; Participle active מֹּתֵחַ Jdg 3:25 +; pass. מָּתוּחַ Jer 5:16 +, etc.; — open sack, שַׂק, Gen 42:27 (E), אַמְתַּחַת Gen 43:21; Gen 44:11 (J), skin-bottle (נאוד). Jdg 4:19, hamper (תֵּדָה) Exo 2:6 (E), pit (בּוֺר) Exo 21:33 (E; i. e. uncover it), mouth (מִּי) of cave Jos 10:22 (JE), grave Eze 37:12-13, (to bring forth dead), of. (in figurative) Jer 5:16; Psa 5:10; פָתוּחַ כְּלִי Num 19:15; (P) open vessel; door (דֶּלֶת; sometimes opposed to סָגַר) Jdg 3:25 + Jdg 3:25 (object omitted), Jdg 19:27; 1Sa 3:15; 2Ki 9:3, 2Ki 9:10; 2Ch 29:3; Job 31:32 (c.ל person); figurative of Leb. Zec 11:1; שָׁמַיִם דַּלתֵי Psa 78:23 (of ׳י, sending rain); ׳ד = city-gates Neh 13:19; Isa 45:1(|| שְׁעָרִים; ׳י subject, with לפְנֵי); ׳ד omitted Son 5:2, Son 5:5, Son 5:6; gate (שַׁעַר), of land Nah 3:13 (Infinitive absolute + Imperfect
Niph`al q. v.), compare Eze 25:9, שׁער of temple (- court) Eze 46:12 (with ל, person), Psa 118:19 (id.), city Isa 26:2, object omitted Deu 20:11; 2Ki 15:16; window, חַלּוֺן, 2Ki 13:17 (twice in verse),הַשָׁמַיִם אֲרֻבּוֺת (by ׳י sending rain) Gen 8:6(J), Mal 3:10; city Jer 13:19, מְּתוּחָה עִיר Jos 8:17 (JE); absolute ׳פ סגר וְלאֹ Isa 22:22 (twice in verse); — Isa 14:17 is dubious, Gr PerlesAnal. 28. 42 Kit (in Di) read בֵּיתהַֿכֶּלֶא לאֹפֿ ׳לַאֲסִירָיו; > Bu Che Marti לְבֵיתוֺ אִישׁ מִּתַּח לאֹ אֲסִירָיו; storehouse, armoury Gen 41:56; Jer 50:25 (of ׳י), Jer 50:26 (for destruction), figurative of sky, for rain Deu 28:12 (with ל person; of ׳י ), compare open בָּ֑ר, expose for sale, Amo 8:5; open womb, i.e. grant offspring Gen 29:31; Gen 30:22 (J); open mouth (מֶּה) to cry, speak Eze 21:27; Job 3:1; Dan 10:16, hence = speak Isa 53:7 (twice in verse); Job 33:2; Psa 39:10; Psa 78:2 (בְּמָשָׁל), Psa 109:2 (with עַל person), Pro 24:7; Pro 31:8 (with ל person), Pro 31:9; Pro 31:26 (בְּחָכְמָה); Psa 49:5 either utter, declare, propound riddle, or open up, expound; have power of speech Psa 38:14; of ׳י giving power of (prophetic) speech Eze 3:27; Eze 33:22, giving speech to ass Num 22:28 (J); open mouth, to eat Eze 3:2, of earth, to swallow up, Num 16:32: Num 26:10, compare (מֶּה omitted) Psa 106:17; open lips, to speak Job 11:5 (with עִם person), Job 32:20 (Gi Job 32:21); of ׳י opening man's lips Psa 51:17, man's ear Isa 50:5 (Assyrian uznâ puttû); of eyes only passive participle, with אֶל 1Ki 8:29 2Ch 6:20; 1Ki 8:52; Neh 1:6, with ל2Ch 6:40 (by zeugma), 2Ch 7:15 (all of ׳י's favour); open hand, in giving Deu 15:8, Deu 15:11 (c, ל person, + infinitive absolute), of ׳י Psa 104:28; Psa 145:16; book Neh 8:5 (twice in verse), letter Neh 6:5; open river (channel) Isa 41:18 (of ׳י), rock, letting out water, Psa 105:41 (id.); open sword, = draw it Ezekiel 21:33; Psa 37:14; of root אֱלֵימָֿ֑יִם פָתוּחַ שָׁרְשִׁי Job 29:19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening. — אֶרֶץ תִּפְתַּח Isa 45:8 is dubious; verb not elsewhere intransitive; Du CheHpt Marti proposes רַחְמָהּ as object; Gr Kit (in Di) read תִּמָּתַח.
Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נִפְתַּח Isa 5:27, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִמָּתַח Eze 24:27, יִמָּתֵ֑חַ Eze 44:2 +, etc.; Infinitive construct הִמָּתֵחַ Isa 51:14; Participle נִפְתָּח Zec 13:1; — be opend, of girdle Isa 5:27 (i.e. loosened), compare of captive Isa 51:14, and, of calamity, Jer 1:14 be let loose (with עַל person); gates Nah 2:7; Nah 3:13 (of land, thrown open to (ל) enemy), Eze 44:2; Eze 46:1 (twice in verse); Neh 7:3; impersonal of man shut in by God Job 12:14; of windows of heaven Gen 7:11 (P), compare Isa 24:18 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves Eze 1:1(for visions); fountain Zec 13:1; wine (-skin, with negative) Job 32:19; mouth, in speech Job 24:27; Job 33:22; ears Isa 35:5.
Pi`el Perfect3masculine singular מִּתַּח Job 30:11 +, מִּתֵּ֑חַ Job 12:18 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יְפַתַּח; Isa 28:24, Isa 28:1singular אֲפַתֵּחַ Isa 45:1, etc.; — Infinitive abs מַּתֵּחַ Isa 58:6 construct, id. Psa 102:21; Participle מְפַתֵּ֑חַ 1Ki 20:11; — loose:
1 free, i.e. ungird, camels Gen 24:32 (J): loins of kings Isa 45:1 (i.e. disarm them); set free, with suffix person Psa 105:20; Jer 40:4 (with מִן); with accusative תְמוּתָה בְּנֵי Psa 102:21.
2 loosen (and remove) sack-cloth Isa 20:2 (c.מֵעַל ), Psa 30:12; armour 1Ki 20:11 (object omitted; opposed to חָגַר); bonds Job 12:18; Psa 116:16, compare Isa 58:6; Job 39:5; cord Job 30:11; Job 38:11; loosen ground Isa 28:24 (in tillage; compare VogelstLand wrirthschaft 38, Assyrian puttû).
3 open gates Isa 60:11, doors Job 41:6 (figurative of crocodile's jaws); ear Isa 48:8 (read probably either מָּתַחְתִּי מִּתַּחְתִּי, [ᵐ5 Du Marti], or נִפְתְּחָה [Gr Che Kit in Di]; buds Cant 7:13 (of blossom; object omitted; or intransitive, as sometimes Arabic see Dozy).
Hithpa`el Imperative masculine plural התפתחו Isa 52:2 Kt < Qr feminine singular הִתְמַּתְּחִי (so ᵐ5; of personified Jerusalem) loosen thee (Ges§ 54f) the fetters of thy neck.
II. [מָּתַח] verb Pi`el engrave (Late Hebrew Pi`el id.,מִּתּוּחַ = Biblical Hebrew, and so ᵑ7; Assyrian patâ—u, bore, penetrate; compare perhaps Arabic , ring (compare Frä252)); — Perfect3masculine singular מִּתַּח2Ch 3:7, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיְפַתַּח 1Ki 7:36; 1Ki 7:2masculine singular תְּפַתַּח Exo 28:11; Infinitive construct לְפַתֵּחַ2Ch 2:6; 2Ch 2:13; Participle מְפַתֵּחַ Zec 3:9; — engrave, with accusative + על, on metal 1Ki 7:36; 2Ch 3:7; Exo 28:36 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb חוֺתָם מִּתּוּחֵי), on stone Exo 28:9; with accusative אֶבֶן + accusative of congnate meaning with verb Exo 28:11(all P); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb only, Zec 3:9 (on stone), and, in General, 2Ch 2:6; 2Ch 2:13.
Pu`al Participle feminine plural חוֺתָם פִתּוּחֵי מְפֻתָּחֹת Exo 39:9 (P) stones engraved with the engravings of signet.
[מְּתַח] verb open (see Biblical Hebrew); —
Pe`al Passive participle feminine plural מְּתִיחָן Dan 6:11 opened (windows).
Pe>îl (WCG 225) Perfect3masculine plural מְּתִ֫יחוּ Dan 7:10 books were opened.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 17 entries

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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