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Word

פָּטַר

pâṭar · H6362 · Hebrew · 5 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. exempt

    State in which humans have been released from a certain task or duty

    Examples

    1 Chronicles 9:33 Now these are the singers, heads of fathers’ households of the Levites, who lived in the chambers of the temple free of other duties; for they were engaged in their work day and night.

  2. to dismiss

    Causative action by which humans in an position of authority release other humans from a certain task or duty

    Examples

    2 Chronicles 23:8 The Levites and all Judah did according to all that Jehoiada the priest commanded. And each one of them took his men who were to come in on the Sabbath, with those who were to go out on the Sabbath, for Jehoiada the priest did not dismiss any of the divisions.

  3. to escape, to elude

    Action by which humans manage to remain free and unscathed when facing aggression

    Examples

    1 Samuel 19:10 And Saul tried to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he escaped from Saul’s presence, so that he stuck the spear into the wall. And David fled and escaped that night.

  4. to let out

    Literally: to release; hence: causative action by which humans allow water to flow from an area where it was held back, such as a dam or sluice

    Examples

    Proverbs 17:14 The beginning of strife is like letting out water, So abandon the quarrel before it breaks out.

  5. Exact meaning unknown; literally: to open with the lip; hence: action by which humans are curling their lips, as a mocking gesture (to curl (one's) lips (to mock))

    Examples

    Psalm 22:7 All who see me deride me; They sneer, they shake their heads, saying,

How it’s used In 6 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

5 occurrences in 5 groups

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

1 occurrences in 1 groups

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

3 occurrences in 3 groups

With adverbsAdverbs

1 occurrences in 1 groups

Named alongside itApposition

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 2 words
יָצָא yâtsâʼ · H3318 · to go out, to come out, to go away
יָצָא (‘to go out’; here in the causative sense ‘to bring out, let out’) and the target lexeme (‘to let out, set free’) overlap in the sense of releasing or letting something out, though יָצָא has a vastly broader semantic range overall.
פָּתַח pâthach · H6605 · to open, to open up
Both words denote opening and can substitute for each other in contexts of releasing or opening.
Semantic domains 4 entries
Free002003002012
פָּטַר means to dismiss or set free, as when David escapes from Saul's presence in 1 Samuel 19:10, and when the Levites are let go off duty or not dismissed from their divisions in 1 Chronicles 9:33 and 2 Chronicles 23:8.
Flow002002001008
The word is used of letting out water, as in the picture of the beginning of strife as letting out water in Proverbs 17:14.
Open002001001042
The word describes opening or releasing something previously restrained, as in the letting out of water in Proverbs 17:14.
Stance002001001061
This domain's connection to פָּטַר is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show the word's sense of dismissing, releasing, and letting out.
Word family 4 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

פָּטַרpâṭar · H6362פֶּטֶר peṭer · H6363 · firstborn · 12×פָּטוּר pâṭûwr · H6358 · exempt, to dismiss · 4×פָּטִיר pâṭîyr · H6359 · exempt, to dismiss · 0×
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6362. patar מָּטַר verb separate, remove, set free (Late Hebrew depart, set free,…
H6362. patar
מָּטַר verb separate, remove, set free (Late Hebrew depart, set free, Niph`al also die; Phoenician פטר CIS102a, 2 depart (die ?); Assyrian pa‰âru, split, break through, ip‰iru, ransom, Tel Amarna escape, set free (perhaps Canaanite); Arabic cleave, split, also create; Ethiopic create, fabricate; Aramaic מְּטַר, withdraw, depart); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳פ2Ch 23:8; Imperfect3masculine singular וַיִּפְטַר 1Sa 19:10; Participle active מּוֺטֵר Pro 17:14; passive מִּטוּרִים 1Ch 9:33 Qr (Kt פטירים); construct מְּטוּרֵי 1Ki 6:18, 1Ki 6:29, 1Ki 6:32, מְּטֻרֵי 1Ki 6:35; —
1 intransitive remove oneself, specifically escape 1Sa 19:10 (מִמְּנֵי, compare Dr).
2 transitive set free from duty 2Ch 23:8 (accusative of person), so passive 1Ch 9:33 Qr (Kt פטירים adjective or Aramaic participle, same meaning); ׳פ יִם Pro 17:14 set free, let out; passive צִצִּים מְּטוּרֵי technical term of ornament in temple, dubious, usually out-spread (garlands) of flowers 1Ki 6:18, 1Ki 6:29, 1Ki 6:32, 1Ki 6:35.
Hiph`il **compare in Syriac PS3093. Imperfect3masculine singular בְשָׂפָה יַפְטִירוּ Psa 22:8 they separate with the lip, i. e. open mouth wide (insultingly).
פטיר 1Ch 9:33 Kt see פטר 2
מִּי see מֶּה.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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