עָקַשׁ
ʻâqash · H6140 · Hebrew · 5 occurrences
Meanings
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Literally: to be crooked of ways; hence: state in which a person's behavior differs from the general standard and is therefore unacceptable (to be crooked in (one's) behavior)
ExamplesProverbs 28:18 One who walks blamelessly will receive help, But one who is crooked will fall all at once.
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to prove to be evil
Literally: to make (a person) crooked; hence: causative action by which deities cause humans to appear to be people without integrity
ExamplesJob 9:20 “Though I am righteous, my mouth will condemn me; Though I am guiltless, He will declare me guilty.
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to make crooked, to distort, to pervert
Literally: to make (an event) crooked; hence: causative action by which humans change something that is right into wrong
ExamplesProverbs 10:9 One who walks in integrity walks securely, But one who perverts his ways will be found out.
Isaiah 59:8 They do not know the way of peace, And there is no justice in their tracks; They have made their paths crooked, Whoever walks on them does not know peace.
Micah 3:9 Now hear this, you heads of the house of Jacob And rulers of the house of Israel, Who despise justice And twist everything that is straight,
How it’s used In 6 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- Not stated: they 2
- Not stated: he, she or it 1
- Not stated (participle) 1
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
4 occurrences in 4 groups
- דֶּרֶךְway, road 1
- יָשָׁרupright, right 1
- נָתִיבpath 1
- נִיme 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for+ הֶםthem 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- דֶּרֶךְway, road 1
Named alongside itApposition
1 occurrences in 2 groups
- קָצִיןchief 1
- רֹאשׁhead, top, chief 1
What it doesIt is the subject
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- יָדַעto know 1
- נָפַלto fall 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 5 words
- פָּתַל pâthal · H6617 · to struggle, to fight, wily
- עָקַשׁ (ʻâqash, H6140) and פָּתַל are independent Hebrew roots that both denote moral perversity or crookedness, describing twisted or perverse behavior.
- עֲוַל ʻăval · H5765 · to act wrongfully, to suckle, to nurse
- Both words denote moral wrongdoing or deviation from what is right: עֲוַל (ʻăval, H5765) means to deal unjustly, and עָקַשׁ (ʻâqash, H6140) means to make crooked or perverse.
- לוּז lûwz · H3868 · to lose sight (of something)
- Both words describe moral crookedness or perverseness, expressing deviation from moral or ethical straightness; "perverse" applies to each.
- עָוָה ʻâvâh · H5753 · to twist, to be bowed down
- Both words denote moral perversion and crookedness in a figurative sense, doing wrong or acting perversely. עָוָה (ʻâvâh, H5753) has a broader range, including physical bowing and various forms of wrongdoing, but the core of "making crooked" overlaps.
- עָוַת ʻâvath · H5791 · to make crooked, to falsify
- Both words denote moral perversion or making something crooked or twisted; they are distinct Hebrew roots with overlapping sense that could substitute in context.
In the other Testament 1 word
- διαστρέφω diastréphō · G1294 · to cause someone to turn away from a belief, to mislead, to lead astray
- Greek διαστρέφω captures the moral perversion sense of Hebrew עָקַשׁ, with both terms denoting the action of twisting or distorting something from its proper/straight state, whether morally (corrupt behavior) or physically (make crooked).
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Evil002001002007
- עָקַשׁ means to act perversely, describing a wicked distortion of what is right.
- Wrong002001003019
- The word also carries the literal sense of making something crooked, the physical counterpart to its moral sense of perversion.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6140. aqash [עָקַשׁ] verb twist (Late Hebrew id. (rare)); — Niph`al Participle construct…
[עָקַשׁ] verb twist (Late Hebrew id. (rare)); —
Niph`al Participle construct דְּרָכַיִם Pro 28:18 one crooked in ways (< plural, compare Toy).
Pi`el Perfect3plural לָהֶם עִקְּשׁז Isa 59:8 their paths they have twisted. Imperfect3masculine plural יְעַקֵּ֑שׁזּ Mic 3:9 all that is straight they make crooked; Participle דְּרָכָיו מְעַקֵּשׁ Pro 10:9 (compare Niph`al).
Hiph`il Imperfect וַיּעְקְשֵׁנִי Job 9:20 (Ges§ 53n) he hath declared me crooked, devious (in life).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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