עָמָל

עִנְיָן ʻinyân · H6045 · business, matter

Both words overlap in the sense of labor, toil and trouble: "travail" appears in both, and עָמָל (ʻâmâl, H5999) also includes "labour, toil, trouble" while עִנְיָן (ʻinyân, H6045) includes "business, travail," so they overlap in the sense of hardship and labor.

μόχθος móchthos · G3449 · hard labor, toil

Greek μόχθος emphasizes the physical or emotional toil/labor aspect of עָמָל (ʻâmâl, H5999)'s broad semantic range (which also includes iniquity, mischief, and wickedness), making it a register-appropriate LXX equivalent for contexts where עָמָל denotes toilsome labor or the sadness resulting from hard work, rather than moral wrongdoing.

κόπος kópos · G2873 · hard work, toil, labor

Greek κόπος emphasizes the physical exhaustion and weariness resulting from labor, while Hebrew עָמָל carries broader connotations including the moral dimensions of trouble, wickedness, and misery alongside toilsome labor.

πόνος pónos · G4192 · pain, suffering, hard work

Greek πόνος emphasizes the pain/anguish aspect of labor, whereas Hebrew עָמָל encompasses a broader semantic range including toil, trouble, wickedness, and the resulting misery—πόνος captures the suffering dimension but not the moral or wickedness senses.

ὀδύνη odýnē · G3601 · great distress, intense anxiety

Greek ὀδύνη specifically denotes dejecting grief or anguish as an emotional state, whereas Hebrew עָמָל encompasses a broader semantic range including physical toil, trouble, wickedness, and the painful fruit of labor; the equivalence holds where עָמָל denotes the sorrowful/painful aspect of troublesome experience rather than the labor or iniquity dimensions.

Serve002003002023

This domain reflects the word's "labour/toil" gloss, connecting hardship to exhausting work, as in Deuteronomy 26:7's "our trouble" alongside "our oppression."

Rich002001001050

עָמָל (ʻâmâl, H5999) is a common noun meaning "trouble, toil, mischief, misery." The quotation "man is born for trouble, As sparks fly upward" at Job 5:7 shows this sense, which does not independently attest the "Rich" domain; that classification is bundle-shared with עָמָל (ʻÂmâl, H6000) in the source data and is not confirmed by this lexeme's own occurrences.

Unsafe002003003022

עָמָל most often denotes trouble, misery, or mischief, as in Genesis 41:51's "all my trouble" and Numbers 23:21's "He has not... seen trouble in Israel."

Names of People003001007

This lexeme's genuine tagged occurrences (e.g. Genesis 41:51, "God has made me forget all my trouble"; Job 5:6, "trouble sprout from the ground") all illustrate the common noun "trouble, toil, misery," not a personal name; this Names of People domain code is bundle-shared from a cognate root shared with similarly-spelled personal names and carries no tagged occurrence of עָמָל (ʻâmâl, H5999) independently attesting a proper-name sense.

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.