עָזַב

H5800. azab
I. עָזַב213 verb leave, forsake, loose (Late Hebrew id. (rare); Arabic be remote, absent, depart, Assyrian ezêbu, leave, Shaph`el ušezib, rescue, compare Biblical Aramaic שֵׁיזֵב; — Ethiopic widowed Di973); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳ע Gen 24:27 +, suffix עֲזָבַנִי Isa 49:14; Psa 38:11; Psa 38:3feminine singular עָזָ֑בָה Eze 23:8; Eze 23:1singular suffix עֲזַבְתִּיךְ Isa 54:7; Isa 54:2feminine plural עֲזַבְתֶּן Exo 2:20, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַעֲזֹב Isa 55:7 +, יַעֲזָבֿ Gen 2:24, suffix 1singular וַיַּעַזְבֵנִי 1Sa 30:13, etc.; Imperative עֲזֹב Psa 37:8, עָזְבָה Jer 49:11, עִזְבוּ Jer 48:28; Pro 9:6, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָזוֺב Jer 14:5, עָזֹב Exo 23:5; construct עֲזֹב Gen 44:22 +, suffix עָזְבֵךְ Jer 2:17 +, etc.; Participle active עֹזֵב Pro 10:17 +, construct עֹזְבִי (Ges§ 90l); feminine construct עֹזֶבֶת Pro 2:17 etc.; passive עָזוּב Deu 32:26 +, etc.; —
1 leave, with accusative (on order of meanings compare NöZMG. xl (1886). 726):
a. = depart from, accusative of person Gen 44:22 (twice in verse) (J), 2Ki 2:2, 2Ki 2:4, 2Ki 2:6; 2Ki 4:30; Num 10:31 (P), Rth 1:16; Jer 9:1 (|| מֵאֵת הָלַךְ); accusative of location 1Ki 8:6; Jer 25:28 (׳י as lion leaving lair); with מִן local intransitive (strangely) Jer 18:14 (of snow).
b. leave behind, accusative of person Exo 2:20 (J), 2Sa 15:16 (+ infinitive), Eze 24:21; accusative of thing + בְּיַד Gen 39:12-13, + אֶצְלִי Gen 39:15; Gen 39:18 (all J); + ב location Gen 50:8 (J); accusative of person and thing Exo 9:21 (J).
c. leave in the presence of (לִפְנֵי) 1Ch 16:37 (ל of accusative, compare ל 3b above), 2Ch 28:14.
d. leave in safety, כְּבוֺדְכֶם חַעַזְבוּ וְאָ֫נָה Isa 10:3.
e. leave in a given condition, situation, ׳ע בְמַחֲלֻיִים אֹתוֺ2Ch 24:25 they left him in great suffering; with adverb accusative Eze 23:29; a city מְּתוּחָה Jos 8:17.
f. leave undisturbed, let alone Rth 2:16.
g. leave unexercised, Gen 24:27 pregnantly he hath not left his kindness and his faithfulness from (being) with (מֵעִם) my master; so ׳ע אֶתֿ חַסְדּוֺ Rth 2:20 (both of ׳י); ׳ע חֵמָה Psa 37:8 (|| מֵאַף הֶרֶף).
h. leave in the hand of, entrust to, accusative of thing + בְּיַד Gen 39:6 (J), + אֶלֿ Job 39:11 (|| בְּ בָּטַח), + עַלֿ Psa 10:14 (accusative omitted, his cause). — So also possibly (with לְ) Nehemiah 3:34 (reading לֵאלֹהִים for לָהֶם ᵑ0), but text probably otherwise corrupt.
i. leave to (ל) one (unaided), לוֺ מֵעֲזֹב וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ Exo 23:5 a (E) thou shalt refrain from leaving it (that is, the affair) to him; compare בֵּיצֶיהָ לָאָרֶץ תַּעֲזֹב Job 39:14 (of ostrich).
j. leave over, remaining, accusative of person Jos 2:21 (JE); accusative of thing + לְ person Lev 19:10; Lev 23:22 (H), Malachi 3:19.
k. leave = have nothing to do with Pro 9:6.
2 leave, abandon, forsake:
a. abandon, accusative of thing: (1) land, house, city, tent, etc., 1Sa 31:7 = 1Ch 10:7; 2Ki 7:7; Jer 9:18; Jer 48:28; Jer 51:9; 2Ch 11:14; Isa 17:9 (+ מִמְּנֵי of enemy); passive participle of cities Isa 17:2; Jer 4:29; Zep 2:4, compare עֲזוּבָה Isa 17:9 participle = substantive = deserted region. (2) oxen 1Ki 19:20, idol-images (+ שָׁם) 2Sa 5:21 = 1Ch 14:12, flock Zec 11:17; passive participle of eggs Isa 10:14.
b. forsake, (1) human subject and object: Gen 2:24 (J; a man his parents), 1Sa 30:13; Jos 22:3 (D), Jer 49:11; Psa 27:10 (parent a child), Pro 2:17 (wife her husband, אַלוּף), compare אִשָּׁה עֲזוּבָה Isa 54:6, and ׳ע of personified Zion Isa 60:15; Isa 62:4. (2) an animal its young Jer 14:5 (object om).
c. = neglect, Levite Deu 12:19; Deu 14:27, poor Job 20:19.
d. especially (1) figurative of forsaking God (׳י), apostatizing, Jdg 10:10; Deu 28:20; Deu 31:16; Jer 1:16 38t. (often Jeremiah and later); + Jon 2:9 (object חַסְדָּם, i.e. God, see חֶסֶד
II); with ל + infinitive only ׳אֶתיֿ לִשְׁמֹר עָֽזְבוּ Hos 4:10 (Oort We Now doubt לִשְׁמֹר). (2) object ׳יs law, commands, covenant, etc., Deu 29:24; 1Ki 19:10, 1Ki 19:14 1Ki 19:14t.; house of ׳י2Ch 24:18; Nehemiah 10:40. (3) forsake, fail to follow, obey advice, instruction, wisdom, reproof: 1Ki 12:8, 1Ki 12:13 2Ch 10:8, 2Ch 10:13; Pro 2:13; Pro 4:2, Pro 4:6; Pro 10:17; Pro 15:10; Pro 27:10. (4) but also of forsaking idols Eze 20:8, sins of various kinds Eze 23:8; Isa 55:7; Pro 28:13 (object omitted; + מוֺדֶה confess); הַמַּשָּׁא usury Neh 5:10.
e. of God's forsaking, abandoning men: Deu 31:17; Isa 42:16; Isa 49:14; Isa 54:7; 2Ch 12:5; Ezr 9:9; Psa 9:11; Psa 22:2 Psa 22:8t. Psalms; + בְּיַד Neh 9:28; Psa 37:33; Psa 16:10 thou wilt not abandon my soul לִשְׁאוֺל; of temporary abandonment 2Ch 32:31 (+ infinitive of purpose); etc. (34 t. in all); + Jer 12:7 (׳י abandoning his house).
f. of God's leaving, i.e. ceasing to regard, the earth, thus giving impunity to crime, Eze 8:12; Eze 9:9.
g. of strength (כֹּחַ) forsaking one Psa 38:11, courage (לֵב) Psa 40:13, kindness and faithfulness (וֶאֱמֶת חֶסֶד) Pro 3:3.
3 let loose, set free, let go תַּעֲזֹב עָזֹב עִמּוֺ Exo 23:5b (E) thou shalt by all means free it (that is, the beast) with him, (aid him to set it free; on sense, compare Deu 22:4; DHM below II.עזב); וְעָזוּב עָצוּר shut up and freed, proverb. phrase, = all classes of people Deu 32:36; 1Ki 14:10; 1Ki 21:21; 2Ki 9:8; 2Ki 14:26 (exact meaning dubious; probably either = bond and free, or [see RSSem i. 437, 2nd ed. 456] under taboo and free from it); let go Job 20:13 (c, accusative of wickedness as morsel in mouth); let loose my complaint Job 10:1 (עָלַי apud me, compare עַל
II 1 d); פָנַי אֶעֶזְבָה Job 9:27 I will loosen, relax, my face, (compare Thes De Me Stu Di BuhlLex Bu; > abandon my [gloomy] countenance AV RV SS BaeKau Du).
Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נֶעֱזַב Neh 13:11; Neh 13:3feminine singular נֶעֱזָבָ֫ה Isa 62:12; Imperfect3feminine singular תֵּעָזֵב Isa 7:16; Lev 26:43, תֵּעָ֣זַב Job 18:4; Job 18:3masculine plural יֵעָֽזְבוּ Isa 18:6; Participle נֶעֱזָב Isa 27:10; Psa 37:25; feminine plural נֶעֱזָבוֺת Eze 36:4; —
1 be left to (לְ), i.e. to the possession of, Isa 18:6.
2 be forsaken, of house of God Neh 13:11, a city Eze 36:4; Isa 27:10 (|| מְשֻׁלָּח), Isa 62:12; the earth Job 18:4, land Isa 7:16; Lev 26:43 (+ מִן of exiles); of man Psa 37:25.
Pu`al (or
Qal passive, see Ges§ 52e) be deserted, of city: Perfect3masculine singular עֻזָּב֫ עִיר הֲמוֺן Isa 32:14 (|| נֻטָּ֔שׁ); 3 feminine singular עֻזְּבָה Jer 49:25.
II. [עָזַב] verb restore, repair (?) (compare perhaps Sabean עדֿב restore, SabDenkm90 DHMÖster. Monatsschr. f. d. Orient 1885, 226; also Late Hebrew מַעֲזִיבָה restoration, erection LevyNHWB iii. 186, Arabic , building-stone KremerBeitr. ii. 18); —
Qal Imperfect3masculine plural וַיַּעַזְבוּ Neh 3:8 and they repaired (?) Jerusalem as far as the broad wall; > paved GuZPV viii (1885), 282 f., or from √ I.עזב (see views in Be Ryle).
עֻזָּה עַזְגָּד, עַזְבּוּק, see עזז.