단어
נֶפֶשׁ
nephesh · H5315 · 히브리어 · 754회 나옴
뜻
-
목구멍, 목, 식도
머리와 몸의 나머지 부분을 잇고 피와 공기와 음식이 지나가는 통로를 품고 있는 신체 부위; 호흡, 식욕, 생명과 연관되며, 흔히 환유적으로 몸 전체와 그 안에 깃든 인격을 가리킴
-
숨
문자적으로는 목구멍이나, 그것을 통해 흐르는 공기에 초점이 있음; 따라서 공기가 몸 안팎으로 드나드는 과정으로, 사람이나 짐승이 살아 있음을 보여 줌
-
생명, 생명의 원리, 영혼, 자기 자신, 탐욕, 갈망
문자적으로는 피와 공기와 음식이 지나가는 통로를 품은 신체 부위로서의 목구멍; 따라서 사람과 짐승 모두를 살아 있게 하여 숨 쉬는 생물이 되게 하며, 그들의 인격, 정신, 육체적·비육체적 욕구, 용기, 감정, 애정의 중심으로 작용하는 생명의 원리; 피 속에 있다고 여겨짐
-
생물, 생령
사람과 짐승을 모두 포함하는 살아 있는 피조물로, 그것을 살아 있게 하는 생명의 원리에 의해 규정됨
-
"영혼", 사람, 누군가
그 사람을 살아 있게 하는 생명의 원리에 의해 규정되는 인간
-
시체
전에 그 사람을 살아 있게 하던 생명의 원리에 의해 규정되는 사람의 시체; 그것에 접촉하면 의식상 부정하게 됨
-
추정된 의미: 일종의 공기 같은 물질, 어떤 종류의 향기 (향수 (?))
용례이사야 3:20 화관과 발목 사슬과 띠와 향합과 호신부와
쓰임 10가지 쓰임
모든 용례를 문법적으로 연결된 단어에 따라 묶었습니다.
찾는 단어 그와 관련된 단어
누구의, 무엇의속격·소유
560회, 47개 묶음
- י나의 192
- הוּ그의 106
- ךָ너의 70
- הֶם그들의 47
- כֶם너희의 34
- הּ그녀의 18
- 기타 단어 · 한두 번 나오는 33개 묶음 (44) 44
그것을 꾸미는 말형용사, 지시사, 분사
89회, 41개 묶음
- הוּא그 18
- חַי살아 있는 13
- הָ그녀를 8
- אָכַל먹다 6
- אֶחָד하나 4
- עָשָׂה행하다, 만들다 4
- 기타 단어 · 한두 번 나오는 32개 묶음 (38) 38
나란히 쓰인 이름동격
13회, 12개 묶음
- נֶפֶשׁ영혼, 생명 4
- 기타 단어 · 한두 번 나오는 11개 묶음 (12) 12
그것이 하는 일주어로
172회, 85개 묶음
- כָּרַת끊다, (언약을) 세우다 16
- אָוָה탐하다 8
- הָיָה~이다, 되다 8
- חָיָה살다 8
- אָהַב사랑하다 5
- גָּעַל버리다 5
- 기타 단어 · 한두 번 나오는 69개 묶음 (89) 89
그것에 행해지는 일목적어로
238회, 86개 묶음
- בָּקַשׁ찾다, 구하다 19
- נָצַל건지다, 구원하다 16
- מָלַט피하다 15
- שָׁמַר지키다 11
- נָכָה치다 10
- נָשָׂא들다, 지다 10
- 기타 단어 · 한두 번 나오는 65개 묶음 (77) 77
둘째 목적어로둘째 목적어
1회, 1개 묶음
- קָבַע노략하다 1
그것이 무엇이라고 하는가술어
40회, 27개 묶음
- חַי살아 있는 10
- שֵׁשׁ여섯 3
- 기타 단어 · 한두 번 나오는 25개 묶음 (27) 27
무엇이 그것이라고 하는가술어로
8회, 6개 묶음
- הוּא그 3
- בֵּן아들 1
- אוֹי화로다 1
- לֶחֶם떡, 양식 1
- מֶכֶס비율 1
- נֶפֶשׁ영혼, 생명 1
전치사 뒤에서전치사구
166회, 11개 묶음
- ב~에 95
- ל~을 위하여 76
- עַל~위에, ~에 대하여 60
- כ~와 같이 11
- תַּחַת아래, 대신 10
- אֵל~에게, ~로 8
- 기타 단어 · 한두 번 나오는 3개 묶음 (6) 6
“…의 그것” 구에서속격으로
73회, 44개 묶음
- בָּקַשׁ찾다, 구하다 12
- אַוָּה욕구 6
- מַר쓴 6
- 기타 단어 · 한두 번 나오는 41개 묶음 (49) 49
“바울과 바나바가 말하되”처럼 두 단어가 한 역할을 함께 맡으면 그 구절은 두 묶음에 모두 나오므로, 합계가 용례 수보다 많을 수 있습니다.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
의미 영역 4개 항목
- 공기001002005001
- 자기 자신003001016
- 사람001001003
- 향품001002005014
단어 가족 단어 2개
같은 어근에서 나온 단어들입니다. 형태는 같아도 뜻이 늘 같지는 않습니다.
נָפַשׁ nâphash · H5314 · 숨을 돌리다 · 3×נֶפֶשׁnephesh · H5315
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5315. nephesh נֶ֫פֶשׁ756 noun feminineGen 49:6 (so even Gen 2:19; Num 31:28; 1Ki 19:2…
H5315. nephesh
נֶ֫פֶשׁ756 noun feminineGen 49:6 (so even Gen 2:19; Num 31:28; 1Ki 19:2 see AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 42 SS) soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion (Ecclus 3:18; 4:1 (twice in verse); Ecc 4:2(twice in verse); Ecclesiasticus 13:12; Ecclesiasticus 14:11); — ׳נ Gen 1:20 +; נָ֑פֶשׁ Gen 37:21 +; suffix נַפְשִׁי Gen 12:13 +; plural נְפָשׁוֺת Eze 13:18 Eze 13:13t.; נְפָשֹׁת Exo 12:4; Lev 27:2; construct נַפְשׁוֺת Gen 36:6 Gen 36:4t.; נַפְשֹׁת Lev 21:11; נְפָשִׁים Eze 13:20 (but read חָפְשִׁים, see Co Berthol Toy); suffix נַפְשׁוֺתָם 2Sa 23:17 +; נַפְשֹׁתָם Num 17:3 +: —
1 = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being = ψυχή, anima, the soul, the inner being of man:
a. distinguished from בָּשָׂר וְעַד מִנֶּפֶשׁ ׃בָּשָׂר Isa 10:18; הַבָּשָׂר עִם הַנֶּפֶשׁ Deu 12:23; from שְׁאֵר Pro 11:17; from בֶּטֶן body Psa 31:10.
b. both the inner נפשׁ and the outer בשׂר are conceived as resting on a common substratum: תֶּאֱבָֽל׃ עָלָיו וְנַפְשׁוֺ יִכְאָ֑ב עָלָיו בְּשָׂרוֺ אַךְ Job 14:22 only his flesh upon him is in pain, and his soul upon him mourneth; compare Psa 42:5; Psa 42:7; Psa 131:2; Job 30:16; Lam 3:20 [see עַל
1d], all poetical (compare 6c).
c. ׳נ departs at death and returns with life: מֵתָה כִּי נַפְשָׁהּ בְּצֵאת וַיְתִי Gen 35:18 (E) and it came to pass when her soul was going forth (for she died); נַפְשָׁהּ נָָֽפְחָה Jer 15:9 she breathed out her soul, compare 1Ki 17:21-22, Job 11:20; Job 31:39.
d. often desired that the נפשׁ may be delivered: from Sh®°ôl Psa 16:10; Psa 30:4; Psa 49:16; Psa 86:13; Psa 89:49; Pro 23:14; from שַׁחַת, the pit of Sh®°ôl, Isa 38:17; Job 33:18, Job 33:22, Job 33:28, Job 33:30.
2 The נפשׁ becomes a living being: by God's breathing חיים נשׁמת into the nostrils of its בשׂר; of man Gen 2:7 (J); by implication of animals also Gen 2:19 (J); so Psa 104:29; Psa 104:30; compare Psa 66:9; man is חַיָּה נֶפֶשׁ, a living, breathing being Gen 2:7 (J); elsewhere חיּה נפשׁ always of animals Gen 1:20, Gen 1:24, Gen 1:30; Gen 9:12, Gen 9:15, Gen 9:16 (all P), Eze 47:9; so החיּה נפשׁ Gen 1:21; Gen 9:10 (both P), Lev 11:10, Lev 11:46 (H); השׁרצת נפשׁ Lev 11:46 (H); חי כל נפשׁ Job 12:10. נפשׁ is frequently used with the verb ׃חיה נפשׁ וחיתה Gen 12:13; Gen 19:20 (both J), 1Ki 20:32 (E), Psa 119:175; Jer 38:17, Jer 38:20; נַפְשְׁךָ חֵי 1Sa 1:26; 1Sa 17:55; 1Sa 20:3; 1Sa 25:26; 2Sa 11:11; 2Sa 14:9; 2Ki 2:2, 2Ki 2:4, 2Ki 2:6; 2Ki 4:30 (all J E); compare נ ׳יְחַיֶּה 1Ki 20:31 (E), Eze 18:27; Psa 22:30; also Gen 19:19; Isa 55:3; Pro 3:22.
3 The נפשׁ (without חיה noun or verb) is specified:
a. a living being whose life resides in the blood [so in Arabic WeSkizzen iii. 217 G. JacobArab. Dicht. iv. 9 f.] (hence sacrificial use of blood, and its prohib. in other uses; first in D), Deu 12:23-24, only be sure that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is the living being (הַנֶּפֶשׁ הוּא הַדָּם); and thou shalt not eat the living being with the flesh (הַבָּשָׂר עִם הַנֶּפֶשׁ); thou shalt pour it upon the earth as water; this is enlarged in H, Lev 17:10-11, Lev 17:12, Lev 17:14 and in P Gen 9:4-5, compare Jer 2:34.
b. a serious attack upon the life is an attack upon this inner living being 2Sa 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jon 2:6; Psa 69:2; Psa 124:4; Psa 124:5; Job 27:3.
c. נפשׁ is used for life itself 171 t., of animals Pro 12:10, and of man Gen 44:30 (J); נפשׁ תחת נפשׁ life for life Exo 21:23 (E), Lev 24:18 (H), 1Ki 20:39, 1Ki 20:42; 2Ki 10:24; תחתיכם נפשׁנו Jos 2:14 (J); בנפשׁ נפשׁ Deu 19:21; בנפשׁ for the life of 2Sa 14:7; Jon 1:14; בכף נפשׁ שׂם put life in one's own hand Jdg 12:3; 1Sa 19:5; 1Sa 28:21; Job 13:14; למות נפשׁו חרף Jdg 5:18 risked his life to die; בנפשׁ at the risk of life Num 17:3 (P), 2Sa 23:17 = 1Ch 11:19 (twice in verse), 1Ki 2:23; Pro 7:23; Lam 5:9; נפשׁ בקּשׁ Exo 4:19 (J), 1Sa 20:21; 1Sa 22:23 (twice in verse); 1Sa 23:15; 1Sa 25:29; 2Sa 4:8; 2Sa 16:11; 1Ki 19:10, 1Ki 19:14; Jer 4:30; Jer 11:21; Jer 19:7, Jer 19:9; Jer 21:7; Jer 22:25; Jer 34:20-21, Jer 38:16; Jer 44:30 (twice in verse); Jer 46:26; Jer 49:37; Psa 35:4; Psa 38:13; Psa 40:15; Psa 54:5; Psa 63:10; Psa 70:3; Psa 86:14; Pro 29:10; נ ׳שׁאל 1Ki 3:11 2Ch 1:11; 1Ki 19:4 = Jon 4:8; נפשׁ הִכָּה smite mortally Gen 37:21 (J), Deu 19:6, Deu 19:11; Jer 40:14-15, נ ׳לקח 1Ki 19:4; Jon 4:3; Psa 31:14; Pro 1:19; מִמָּוֶת נֶפֶשׁ הִצִּיל deliver life from death Jos 2:13; Psa 33:19; Psalm 56:14; נפשׁ מלּט1Sa 19:11; 2Sa 19:6 (4 t. in verse); 1Ki 1:12 (twice in verse); Jer 48:6; Jer 51:6, Jer 51:45; Eze 33:5; Amo 2:14-15, Psa 89:49; Psa 116:4; ׳נ פדה 2Sa 4:9; 1Ki 1:29; Psalm 34:23; Psa 49:16; Psa 55:19; Psa 71:23; נ ׳שׁמר Psa 25:20; Psa 97:10; Job 2:6; Pro 13:3; Pro 16:17; Pro 19:16; Pro 22:5.
4 The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself:
a. paraphrase for personal pronoun especially in poetry and ornate discourse, 70 t.; (1) נַפְשִׁי = me: נפשׁי תבא אל Gen 49:6 let me not enter (poem in J); נ ׳תָּמֹת ישׁרים מות Num 23:10 let me die, etc. (poem); נַפְשְׁי תָּמוֺת Jdg 16:30 (J); נפשׁי אמרה Lam 3:24 I say. (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thee: נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ תַּחַת לְאֻמִּים Isa 43:4 peoples instead of thee; לְנַפְשֵׁךְ אָֽמְרוּ Isa 51:23. (3) נַפְשׁוֺ = he: תלין בטוב נפשׁו Psalms he will not dwell in good circumstances. (4) נַפְשֵׁנוּ = we: יוֺקְשִׁים מִמַּח נִמְלְטָה כְּצִמּוֺר נַפְשֵׁנוּ Psa 124:7. (5) נַפְשָׁם = they, them: הָלָ֑כָה בַּשְּׁבִי נַפְשָׁם Isa 46:2 they are gone into captivity; לנפשׁם אוי Isa 3:9.
b. = reflexive, self, 53 t.: נפשׁ על אסר bind oneself Num 30:3; Num 30:5 (twice in verse); Num 30:6; Num 30:7; Num 30:8; Num 30:9; Num 30:10; Num 30:11; Num 30:12; נ ׳לְעַנֹּת Num 30:14 to afflict oneself . (1) נַפְשִׁי = myself: נפשׁי אדע לא Job 9:21 I know not myself. (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thyself: נ ׳שׁמר Deu 4:9 keep thyself. (3) נַפְשׁוֺ = himself: כנ ׳אהב 1Sa 18:1, 1Sa 18:3; 1Sa 20:17 loved as himself. (4) נַפְשָׁהּ = herself: נ ׳צדּקה Jer 3:11 justified herself. (5) נַפְשָׁם = themselves: נ ׳הציל deliver themselves Isa 47:14; Eze 14:14, Eze 14:20. (6) נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם נַפְשְׁכֶם, = yourselves: נ ׳אַלתַּֿשִּׁאוּ Jer 37:9 deceive not yourselves, also Jer 42:20; Jer 44:7; נ ׳ענּה Lev 16:29, Lev 16:31; Lev 23:27, Lev 23:32; Num 29:7 (P); לנ ׳נשׁמרתם Deu 4:15; Jos 23:11 (D). (7) נַפְשׁוֺתֵינוּ = ourselves: נ ׳על Jer 26:19 against ourselves.
c. = person of man, individual, 144 t., first in D2; especially in H, P, and kindred writers: (1) with אָדָם: ׳נ אדם Lev 24:17 opposed to ׳נ בהמה Lev 24:18 (both H), and so ׳נ אדם human persons Num 31:35, Num 31:40, Num 31:46 (P) 1Ch 5:21; Eze 27:13. Elsewhere without אדם: ׳נ ברכה Pro 11:25 one who blesses; ׳נ רְמִיָּה Pro 19:15 idle person; ׳נ נ ׳תחת person in place of person, Job 16:4; נ ׳על כמּר Exo 30:15-16, Num 15:28; Num 31:50 (all P) Lev 17:11 (H). (2) נפשׁ = person, any one: Deu 24:7; Deu 27:25; Pro 28:17; Eze 18:4 (3 t. in verse); Eze 33:6; elsewhere only H P: Lev 2:1; Lev 4:2, Lev 4:27; Lev 5:1-2, Lev 5:4, Lev 5:15, Lev 5:17; Leviticus 5:21; Lev 7:18, Lev 7:20, Lev 7:21, Lev 7:25, Lev 7:27; Lev 23:29-30, (twice in verse); Num 5:6; Num 15:27, Num 15:30; Num 19:22; Num 31:19, Num 31:28; Num 35:11, Num 35:15, Num 35:30 (twice in verse); Jos 20:3, Jos 20:9 (all P), Lev 17:10, Lev 17:12, Lev 17:15; Lev 20:6 (twice in verse); Lev 22:6, Lev 22:11 (all H); מן הַהִוא הנ ׳נכרתה that person shall be cut off from: only in Gen 17:14; Exo 12:15, Exo 12:19; Exo 31:14; Lev 7:20-21, Lev 7:27; Num 9:13; Num 15:30-31, Num 19:13, Num 19:20 (all P), Lev 19:8; Lev 22:3 (both H). (3) נפשׁ collective for persons, in enumerations: Deu 10:22; Jos 10:28, Jos 10:30, Jos 10:32, Jos 10:35, Jos 10:37 (twice in verse); Jos 10:39; Jos 11:11 (all D2) Jer 43:6; Jer 52:29-30, (twice in verse); Eze 22:25; elsewhere only Gen 12:5; Gen 46:15, Gen 46:18, Gen 46:22, Gen 46:25, Gen 46:26 (twice in verse); Gen 46:27 (twice in verse); Exo 1:5 (twice in verse); Exo 12:16; Num 31:35, Num 31:40 (all P). (4) נְפָשׁוֺת persons Gen 36:6; Exo 12:4; Exo 16:16; Num 19:18 (all P), Lev 18:29; Lev 20:25; Lev 27:2 (all H), 2Ki 12:5; Pro 11:30; Pro 14:25; Eze 13:18 (3 t. in verse); Eze 13:19 (twice in verse); Eze 13:20 (twice in verse); Eze 17:17; Eze 18:4; Eze 22:27 (נפשׁים Eze 13:20 see above). (5) נפשׁ = deceased person, sometimes with מֵת נֶפֶשׁ מֵת, Num 6:6 (P), מֵת נַפְשֹׁת (נֶפֶשׁ ᵑ6 ᵐ5) Lev 21:11 (H); usually without (ה)אדם נפשׁ מֵת, Num 9:6-7, Num 19:11, Num 19:13 (P); or simply נפשׁ, Lev 19:28; Lev 21:1; Lev 22:4 (all H) Num 5:2; Num 6:11; Num 9:10 (all P); elsewhere only Hag 2:13.
5 נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.) —
a. hunger: ׳נ רְעֵבָה hungry soul Psa 107:9; Pro 27:7; with noun or verb of שׂבע satisfy Isa 56:11; Isa 58:10; Jer 50:19; Eze 7:19; Psa 63:6; Psa 107:9; Pro 13:25; Pro 27:7; לנ ׳מתוק Pro 16:24 sweet to the taste.
b. thirst: ׳נ עֲיֵפָה weary soul Pro 25:25; Jer 31:25; ׳נ עיפה כארץ Psa 143:6; נ ׳צמאה Psa 42:3; Psa 63:2.
c. appetite in General: בנ ׳אֹיְבַי עָלָיו יַקִּיפוּ Psa 17:9 my enemies compass me about with greed; פִיהָ וּפָֽעֲרָה נַפְשָׁהּ שְׁאוֺל הִרְחִיבָה Isa 5:14 Sh®°ôl enlarged her appetite, etc., compare Hab 2:5; Pro 23:2 נֶפֶשׁ בַּעַל; Ecclesiastes uses נפשׁ only in the sense of a, b, c; the נפשׁ craves, lacks, and is filled with good things: Ecc 2:24; Ecc 4:8; Ecc 6:2-3, Ecc 6:7, Ecc 6:9; Ecc 7:28.
6 = ׳נ seat of emotions and passions (151 t.) —
a. desire: נ ׳אִוְּתָה soul desires Deu 12:20; Deu 14:26; 1Sa 2:16; 2Sa 3:21; 1Ki 11:37; Job 23:13; Pro 13:4; Pro 21:10; Mic 7:1; נ ׳תַּאֲוַת Psa 10:3; Isa 26:8; נ ׳אַוַּת Deu 12:15, Deu 12:20, Deu 12:21; Deu 18:6; 1Sa 23:20; Jer 2:24; so also לנפשׁ according to one's desire Deu 21:14; Psa 78:18; Jer 34:16; כנפשׁ Deu 23:25; נפשׁנו האח ah, our desire Psa 35:25; בנפשׁ at one's desire Psa 105:22; Eze 16:27; בְדַבְּרוֺ ׳נ י
נֶ֫פֶשׁ756 noun feminineGen 49:6 (so even Gen 2:19; Num 31:28; 1Ki 19:2 see AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 42 SS) soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, appetite, emotion, and passion (Ecclus 3:18; 4:1 (twice in verse); Ecc 4:2(twice in verse); Ecclesiasticus 13:12; Ecclesiasticus 14:11); — ׳נ Gen 1:20 +; נָ֑פֶשׁ Gen 37:21 +; suffix נַפְשִׁי Gen 12:13 +; plural נְפָשׁוֺת Eze 13:18 Eze 13:13t.; נְפָשֹׁת Exo 12:4; Lev 27:2; construct נַפְשׁוֺת Gen 36:6 Gen 36:4t.; נַפְשֹׁת Lev 21:11; נְפָשִׁים Eze 13:20 (but read חָפְשִׁים, see Co Berthol Toy); suffix נַפְשׁוֺתָם 2Sa 23:17 +; נַפְשֹׁתָם Num 17:3 +: —
1 = that which breathes, the breathing substance or being = ψυχή, anima, the soul, the inner being of man:
a. distinguished from בָּשָׂר וְעַד מִנֶּפֶשׁ ׃בָּשָׂר Isa 10:18; הַבָּשָׂר עִם הַנֶּפֶשׁ Deu 12:23; from שְׁאֵר Pro 11:17; from בֶּטֶן body Psa 31:10.
b. both the inner נפשׁ and the outer בשׂר are conceived as resting on a common substratum: תֶּאֱבָֽל׃ עָלָיו וְנַפְשׁוֺ יִכְאָ֑ב עָלָיו בְּשָׂרוֺ אַךְ Job 14:22 only his flesh upon him is in pain, and his soul upon him mourneth; compare Psa 42:5; Psa 42:7; Psa 131:2; Job 30:16; Lam 3:20 [see עַל
1d], all poetical (compare 6c).
c. ׳נ departs at death and returns with life: מֵתָה כִּי נַפְשָׁהּ בְּצֵאת וַיְתִי Gen 35:18 (E) and it came to pass when her soul was going forth (for she died); נַפְשָׁהּ נָָֽפְחָה Jer 15:9 she breathed out her soul, compare 1Ki 17:21-22, Job 11:20; Job 31:39.
d. often desired that the נפשׁ may be delivered: from Sh®°ôl Psa 16:10; Psa 30:4; Psa 49:16; Psa 86:13; Psa 89:49; Pro 23:14; from שַׁחַת, the pit of Sh®°ôl, Isa 38:17; Job 33:18, Job 33:22, Job 33:28, Job 33:30.
2 The נפשׁ becomes a living being: by God's breathing חיים נשׁמת into the nostrils of its בשׂר; of man Gen 2:7 (J); by implication of animals also Gen 2:19 (J); so Psa 104:29; Psa 104:30; compare Psa 66:9; man is חַיָּה נֶפֶשׁ, a living, breathing being Gen 2:7 (J); elsewhere חיּה נפשׁ always of animals Gen 1:20, Gen 1:24, Gen 1:30; Gen 9:12, Gen 9:15, Gen 9:16 (all P), Eze 47:9; so החיּה נפשׁ Gen 1:21; Gen 9:10 (both P), Lev 11:10, Lev 11:46 (H); השׁרצת נפשׁ Lev 11:46 (H); חי כל נפשׁ Job 12:10. נפשׁ is frequently used with the verb ׃חיה נפשׁ וחיתה Gen 12:13; Gen 19:20 (both J), 1Ki 20:32 (E), Psa 119:175; Jer 38:17, Jer 38:20; נַפְשְׁךָ חֵי 1Sa 1:26; 1Sa 17:55; 1Sa 20:3; 1Sa 25:26; 2Sa 11:11; 2Sa 14:9; 2Ki 2:2, 2Ki 2:4, 2Ki 2:6; 2Ki 4:30 (all J E); compare נ ׳יְחַיֶּה 1Ki 20:31 (E), Eze 18:27; Psa 22:30; also Gen 19:19; Isa 55:3; Pro 3:22.
3 The נפשׁ (without חיה noun or verb) is specified:
a. a living being whose life resides in the blood [so in Arabic WeSkizzen iii. 217 G. JacobArab. Dicht. iv. 9 f.] (hence sacrificial use of blood, and its prohib. in other uses; first in D), Deu 12:23-24, only be sure that thou eat not the blood, for the blood is the living being (הַנֶּפֶשׁ הוּא הַדָּם); and thou shalt not eat the living being with the flesh (הַבָּשָׂר עִם הַנֶּפֶשׁ); thou shalt pour it upon the earth as water; this is enlarged in H, Lev 17:10-11, Lev 17:12, Lev 17:14 and in P Gen 9:4-5, compare Jer 2:34.
b. a serious attack upon the life is an attack upon this inner living being 2Sa 1:9; Jer 4:10; Jon 2:6; Psa 69:2; Psa 124:4; Psa 124:5; Job 27:3.
c. נפשׁ is used for life itself 171 t., of animals Pro 12:10, and of man Gen 44:30 (J); נפשׁ תחת נפשׁ life for life Exo 21:23 (E), Lev 24:18 (H), 1Ki 20:39, 1Ki 20:42; 2Ki 10:24; תחתיכם נפשׁנו Jos 2:14 (J); בנפשׁ נפשׁ Deu 19:21; בנפשׁ for the life of 2Sa 14:7; Jon 1:14; בכף נפשׁ שׂם put life in one's own hand Jdg 12:3; 1Sa 19:5; 1Sa 28:21; Job 13:14; למות נפשׁו חרף Jdg 5:18 risked his life to die; בנפשׁ at the risk of life Num 17:3 (P), 2Sa 23:17 = 1Ch 11:19 (twice in verse), 1Ki 2:23; Pro 7:23; Lam 5:9; נפשׁ בקּשׁ Exo 4:19 (J), 1Sa 20:21; 1Sa 22:23 (twice in verse); 1Sa 23:15; 1Sa 25:29; 2Sa 4:8; 2Sa 16:11; 1Ki 19:10, 1Ki 19:14; Jer 4:30; Jer 11:21; Jer 19:7, Jer 19:9; Jer 21:7; Jer 22:25; Jer 34:20-21, Jer 38:16; Jer 44:30 (twice in verse); Jer 46:26; Jer 49:37; Psa 35:4; Psa 38:13; Psa 40:15; Psa 54:5; Psa 63:10; Psa 70:3; Psa 86:14; Pro 29:10; נ ׳שׁאל 1Ki 3:11 2Ch 1:11; 1Ki 19:4 = Jon 4:8; נפשׁ הִכָּה smite mortally Gen 37:21 (J), Deu 19:6, Deu 19:11; Jer 40:14-15, נ ׳לקח 1Ki 19:4; Jon 4:3; Psa 31:14; Pro 1:19; מִמָּוֶת נֶפֶשׁ הִצִּיל deliver life from death Jos 2:13; Psa 33:19; Psalm 56:14; נפשׁ מלּט1Sa 19:11; 2Sa 19:6 (4 t. in verse); 1Ki 1:12 (twice in verse); Jer 48:6; Jer 51:6, Jer 51:45; Eze 33:5; Amo 2:14-15, Psa 89:49; Psa 116:4; ׳נ פדה 2Sa 4:9; 1Ki 1:29; Psalm 34:23; Psa 49:16; Psa 55:19; Psa 71:23; נ ׳שׁמר Psa 25:20; Psa 97:10; Job 2:6; Pro 13:3; Pro 16:17; Pro 19:16; Pro 22:5.
4 The נפשׁ as the essential of man stands for the man himself:
a. paraphrase for personal pronoun especially in poetry and ornate discourse, 70 t.; (1) נַפְשִׁי = me: נפשׁי תבא אל Gen 49:6 let me not enter (poem in J); נ ׳תָּמֹת ישׁרים מות Num 23:10 let me die, etc. (poem); נַפְשְׁי תָּמוֺת Jdg 16:30 (J); נפשׁי אמרה Lam 3:24 I say. (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thee: נַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ תַּחַת לְאֻמִּים Isa 43:4 peoples instead of thee; לְנַפְשֵׁךְ אָֽמְרוּ Isa 51:23. (3) נַפְשׁוֺ = he: תלין בטוב נפשׁו Psalms he will not dwell in good circumstances. (4) נַפְשֵׁנוּ = we: יוֺקְשִׁים מִמַּח נִמְלְטָה כְּצִמּוֺר נַפְשֵׁנוּ Psa 124:7. (5) נַפְשָׁם = they, them: הָלָ֑כָה בַּשְּׁבִי נַפְשָׁם Isa 46:2 they are gone into captivity; לנפשׁם אוי Isa 3:9.
b. = reflexive, self, 53 t.: נפשׁ על אסר bind oneself Num 30:3; Num 30:5 (twice in verse); Num 30:6; Num 30:7; Num 30:8; Num 30:9; Num 30:10; Num 30:11; Num 30:12; נ ׳לְעַנֹּת Num 30:14 to afflict oneself . (1) נַפְשִׁי = myself: נפשׁי אדע לא Job 9:21 I know not myself. (2) נַפְשְׁךָ = thyself: נ ׳שׁמר Deu 4:9 keep thyself. (3) נַפְשׁוֺ = himself: כנ ׳אהב 1Sa 18:1, 1Sa 18:3; 1Sa 20:17 loved as himself. (4) נַפְשָׁהּ = herself: נ ׳צדּקה Jer 3:11 justified herself. (5) נַפְשָׁם = themselves: נ ׳הציל deliver themselves Isa 47:14; Eze 14:14, Eze 14:20. (6) נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם נַפְשְׁכֶם, = yourselves: נ ׳אַלתַּֿשִּׁאוּ Jer 37:9 deceive not yourselves, also Jer 42:20; Jer 44:7; נ ׳ענּה Lev 16:29, Lev 16:31; Lev 23:27, Lev 23:32; Num 29:7 (P); לנ ׳נשׁמרתם Deu 4:15; Jos 23:11 (D). (7) נַפְשׁוֺתֵינוּ = ourselves: נ ׳על Jer 26:19 against ourselves.
c. = person of man, individual, 144 t., first in D2; especially in H, P, and kindred writers: (1) with אָדָם: ׳נ אדם Lev 24:17 opposed to ׳נ בהמה Lev 24:18 (both H), and so ׳נ אדם human persons Num 31:35, Num 31:40, Num 31:46 (P) 1Ch 5:21; Eze 27:13. Elsewhere without אדם: ׳נ ברכה Pro 11:25 one who blesses; ׳נ רְמִיָּה Pro 19:15 idle person; ׳נ נ ׳תחת person in place of person, Job 16:4; נ ׳על כמּר Exo 30:15-16, Num 15:28; Num 31:50 (all P) Lev 17:11 (H). (2) נפשׁ = person, any one: Deu 24:7; Deu 27:25; Pro 28:17; Eze 18:4 (3 t. in verse); Eze 33:6; elsewhere only H P: Lev 2:1; Lev 4:2, Lev 4:27; Lev 5:1-2, Lev 5:4, Lev 5:15, Lev 5:17; Leviticus 5:21; Lev 7:18, Lev 7:20, Lev 7:21, Lev 7:25, Lev 7:27; Lev 23:29-30, (twice in verse); Num 5:6; Num 15:27, Num 15:30; Num 19:22; Num 31:19, Num 31:28; Num 35:11, Num 35:15, Num 35:30 (twice in verse); Jos 20:3, Jos 20:9 (all P), Lev 17:10, Lev 17:12, Lev 17:15; Lev 20:6 (twice in verse); Lev 22:6, Lev 22:11 (all H); מן הַהִוא הנ ׳נכרתה that person shall be cut off from: only in Gen 17:14; Exo 12:15, Exo 12:19; Exo 31:14; Lev 7:20-21, Lev 7:27; Num 9:13; Num 15:30-31, Num 19:13, Num 19:20 (all P), Lev 19:8; Lev 22:3 (both H). (3) נפשׁ collective for persons, in enumerations: Deu 10:22; Jos 10:28, Jos 10:30, Jos 10:32, Jos 10:35, Jos 10:37 (twice in verse); Jos 10:39; Jos 11:11 (all D2) Jer 43:6; Jer 52:29-30, (twice in verse); Eze 22:25; elsewhere only Gen 12:5; Gen 46:15, Gen 46:18, Gen 46:22, Gen 46:25, Gen 46:26 (twice in verse); Gen 46:27 (twice in verse); Exo 1:5 (twice in verse); Exo 12:16; Num 31:35, Num 31:40 (all P). (4) נְפָשׁוֺת persons Gen 36:6; Exo 12:4; Exo 16:16; Num 19:18 (all P), Lev 18:29; Lev 20:25; Lev 27:2 (all H), 2Ki 12:5; Pro 11:30; Pro 14:25; Eze 13:18 (3 t. in verse); Eze 13:19 (twice in verse); Eze 13:20 (twice in verse); Eze 17:17; Eze 18:4; Eze 22:27 (נפשׁים Eze 13:20 see above). (5) נפשׁ = deceased person, sometimes with מֵת נֶפֶשׁ מֵת, Num 6:6 (P), מֵת נַפְשֹׁת (נֶפֶשׁ ᵑ6 ᵐ5) Lev 21:11 (H); usually without (ה)אדם נפשׁ מֵת, Num 9:6-7, Num 19:11, Num 19:13 (P); or simply נפשׁ, Lev 19:28; Lev 21:1; Lev 22:4 (all H) Num 5:2; Num 6:11; Num 9:10 (all P); elsewhere only Hag 2:13.
5 נפשׁ = seat of the appetites, in all periods (46 t.) —
a. hunger: ׳נ רְעֵבָה hungry soul Psa 107:9; Pro 27:7; with noun or verb of שׂבע satisfy Isa 56:11; Isa 58:10; Jer 50:19; Eze 7:19; Psa 63:6; Psa 107:9; Pro 13:25; Pro 27:7; לנ ׳מתוק Pro 16:24 sweet to the taste.
b. thirst: ׳נ עֲיֵפָה weary soul Pro 25:25; Jer 31:25; ׳נ עיפה כארץ Psa 143:6; נ ׳צמאה Psa 42:3; Psa 63:2.
c. appetite in General: בנ ׳אֹיְבַי עָלָיו יַקִּיפוּ Psa 17:9 my enemies compass me about with greed; פִיהָ וּפָֽעֲרָה נַפְשָׁהּ שְׁאוֺל הִרְחִיבָה Isa 5:14 Sh®°ôl enlarged her appetite, etc., compare Hab 2:5; Pro 23:2 נֶפֶשׁ בַּעַל; Ecclesiastes uses נפשׁ only in the sense of a, b, c; the נפשׁ craves, lacks, and is filled with good things: Ecc 2:24; Ecc 4:8; Ecc 6:2-3, Ecc 6:7, Ecc 6:9; Ecc 7:28.
6 = ׳נ seat of emotions and passions (151 t.) —
a. desire: נ ׳אִוְּתָה soul desires Deu 12:20; Deu 14:26; 1Sa 2:16; 2Sa 3:21; 1Ki 11:37; Job 23:13; Pro 13:4; Pro 21:10; Mic 7:1; נ ׳תַּאֲוַת Psa 10:3; Isa 26:8; נ ׳אַוַּת Deu 12:15, Deu 12:20, Deu 12:21; Deu 18:6; 1Sa 23:20; Jer 2:24; so also לנפשׁ according to one's desire Deu 21:14; Psa 78:18; Jer 34:16; כנפשׁ Deu 23:25; נפשׁנו האח ah, our desire Psa 35:25; בנפשׁ at one's desire Psa 105:22; Eze 16:27; בְדַבְּרוֺ ׳נ י
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
이 단어가 나오는 주제 연구 4개 항목
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
출처
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
성경전서 개역한글판 (대한성서공회, 1961)