Word

חֶרְפָּה

cherpâh · H2781 · Hebrew · 73 occurrences

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Meanings

shame, reproach, disgrace

State in which humans feel shame and humiliation, due to one's own shortcomings or misfortune and/or contempt from other people

Examples
Genesis 30:23 So she conceived and gave birth to a son, and said, “God has taken away my disgrace.”
Joshua 5:9 Then the LORD said to Joshua, “Today I have rolled away the shame of Egypt from you.” So the name of that place is called Gilgal to this day.
1 Samuel 11:2 But Nahash the Ammonite said to them, “I will make it with you on this condition, that I will gouge out the right eye of every one of you, and thereby I will inflict a disgrace on all Israel.”
disgrace

Action by which humans bring shame on themselves and face contempt from other people

Examples
Genesis 34:14 They said to them, “We cannot do this thing, that is, give our sister to a man who is uncircumcised, for that would be a disgrace to us.
taunt, insult, blasphemy, insolence

Causative action by which humans make an effort to arouse an emotion of shame in (other) humans or deities; by their words or actions

Examples
1 Samuel 25:39 When David heard that Nabal was dead, he said, “Blessed be the LORD, who has pleaded the cause of the shame inflicted on me by the hand of Nabal, and has kept back His servant from evil. The LORD has also returned the evildoing of Nabal on his own head.” Then David sent a proposal to Abigail, to take her as his wife.
Isaiah 51:7 “Listen to Me, you who know righteousness, A people in whose heart is My Law; Do not fear the taunting of people, Nor be terrified of their abuses.
Jeremiah 15:15 You know, LORD; Remember me, take notice of me, And take vengeance for me on my persecutors. Do not, in view of Your patience, take me away; Know that for Your sake I endure reproach.
object of scorn

An individual, nation, or land that is affected by efforts from others to arouse an emotion of shame in them by words or actions

Examples
Jeremiah 24:9 ‘I will make them an object of terror and an evil for all the kingdoms of the earth, as a disgrace and a proverb, a taunt and a curse in all the places where I will scatter them.
Jeremiah 29:18 ‘I will pursue them with the sword, with famine, and with plague; and I will make them an object of terror to all the kingdoms of the earth, to be a curse and an object of horror and hissing, and a disgrace among all the nations where I have driven them,
Jeremiah 42:18 For this is what the LORD of armies, the God of Israel says: “As My anger and wrath have gushed out on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so My wrath will gush out on you when you enter Egypt. And you will become a curse, an object of horror, an imprecation, and a disgrace; and you will not see this place again.”
An event that is regarded by others as contemptible (object of scorn to (people))

Examples
Jeremiah 6:10 To whom shall I speak and give warning, That they may hear? Behold, their ears are closed And they cannot listen. Behold, the word of the LORD has become for them a rebuke; They take no delight in it.

How it’s used In 9 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

35 occurrences in 20 groups

יmy 6
הוּhis 4
הֶםtheir 4
עַםpeople 3
Other words · 16 groups that occur once or twice (18) 18

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

4 occurrences in 4 groups

חָרַףto reproach 2
גָּדַלto be great, to grow up, to magnify 1
יָגֹרto fear 1
שָׁכַחto forget 1

What it doesIt is the subject

5 occurrences in 5 groups

הָיָהto be, to become 1
מָחָהto wipe 1
נָפַלto fall 1
רָאָהto see 1
שָׁבַרto break, to shatter 1

What is done to itIt is the object

37 occurrences in 19 groups

נָשָׂאto lift up, to carry, to bear 6
הָיָהto be, to become 5
זָכַרto remember 3
שׁוּבto return, to turn back 3
שָׁמַעto hear, to listen, to obey 3
Other words · 14 groups that occur once or twice (18) 18

Second object ofSecond object

5 occurrences in 2 groups

שׂוּםto put, to set, to place 3
נָתַןto give, to put, to set 2

What it is said to bePredicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

הָher 1

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

3 occurrences in 4 groups

הוּאhe, she, it 1
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִםJerusalem 1
עַםpeople 1
שָׁאַרto remain 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

20 occurrences in 5 groups

לto/for 17
בin/on/with 5
בִּלְתִּיnot 2
מִןfrom 2
אֵלto, toward 1

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

2 occurrences in 2 groups

עֵתtime, moment, period 1
רִיבdispute, cause, strife 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 5 words

כְּלִמּוּת kᵉlimmûwth · H3640 · shame: Both words denote shame and reproach, and are two distinct Hebrew words that could substitute in similar contexts.
בׇּשְׁנָה boshnâh · H1317 · shame: Both lexemes independently denote shame/disgrace as a core sense.
קָלוֹן qâlôwn · H7036 · disgrace, shame, insult: Both lexemes denote states or experiences of shame/reproach.
בּוּשָׁה bûwshâh · H955 · shame: Both lexemes denote shame or reproach and would be plausible substitutes for each other in context.
קֶלֶס qeleç · H7047 · scorn: Both words denote public scorn or social disgrace, with overlapping senses.

In the other Testament 2 words

ὀνειδισμός oneidismós · G3680 · insult: Greek ὀνειδισμός (contumely, insult, reproach) serves as the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew חֶרְפָּה across contexts of shame, public disgrace, and reproachful treatment.
ὄνειδος óneidos · G3681 · disgrace: Greek ὄνειδος renders Hebrew חֶרְפָּה as the public disgrace or shame-state itself (the condition of being reproached), whereas חֶרְפָּה encompasses both the reproachful act and the resulting shame-state; ὄνειδος typically focuses on the reputational disgrace or taunt as experienced, while חֶרְפָּה can denote either the reproach inflicted or the shame borne.

Semantic domains 1 entry

Shame002001002025: The word denotes reproach or disgrace, a state of shame brought upon someone, used throughout the Psalms and Prophets to describe scorn and humiliation.

Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

חָרַף châraph · H2778 · to reproach, to taunt, to insult · 41×חֶרְפָּהcherpâh · H2781חֹרֶף chôreph · H2779 · autumn, winter, prime of life · 7×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2781. cherpah חֶרְמָּה noun feminine reproach — ׳ח Gen 34:14 35t.; construct חֶרְמַּת…

H2781. cherpah
חֶרְמָּה noun feminine reproach — ׳ח Gen 34:14 35t.; construct חֶרְמַּת Jos 5:9 Jos 5:15t.; suffix חֶרְמָּֽתְךָ Psa 74:22 etc. + 17 t. suffixes; plural חֲרָפוֺת Psa 69:11; Dan 12:2; construct חֶרְמּוֺת Psa 69:10. —
1 taunt of enemy 1Sa 17:26; so also 1Sa 25:39; reproach cast upon another, scorn, contumely Nehemiah 3:36; Neh 5:9; Psa 69:20; Psa 69:21; Psa 71:13; Psa 89:51; Psa 119:22; Pro 18:3; Isa 51:7; Ezekiel 21:33; ח ׳שׁמע Jer 51:51; Zep 2:8; Lam 3:61; ח ׳נתן על Jer 23:40; ח ׳נשׂא על Psa 15:3 (slander); ח ׳נשׂא Jer 31:19; Eze 36:15; Mic 6:16 (reproach); ׳ח על נשׂא bear reproach for Psa 69:8; Jer 15:15; Zep 3:18; ח ׳השׁיב Hosea 12:15; Nehemiah 3:36; ח ׳חרף Psa 69:10; Psa 79:12; Psa 89:51; ח ׳הסיר מעל 1Sa 17:26; Isa 25:8; ח ׳העביר Psa 119:39; reproaches against God Psa 69:10 (חוֺרְפֶיךָ חֶרְמּוֺת), Psa 74:22; Psa 79:12.
2 reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace:
a. sexual 2Sa 13:13; Isa 47:3; Eze 16:57; Pro 6:33.
b. barrenness of womb Gen 30:23 (E) Isa 4:1; widowhood Isa 54:4.
c. hunger Eze 36:30; disease Job 19:5.
d. ritual, uncircumcision Gen 34:14 (P) Jos 5:9 (JE).
e. injuries from enemies Lam 3:30; Lam 5:1; Neh 1:3; Neh 2:7; Job 16:10; Dan 11:18 (twice in verse).
3 a reproach, the object of reproach, the person of thing reproached אָדָם חֶרְמַּת a reproach of man Psa 22:7; ׳ח נבל Psa 39:9; ח ׳היה ׳ל become an object of reproach to Psa 31:12; Psa 79:4; Psa 89:42; Psa 109:25; Eze 5:15; (ל לח ׅ׳(היה) Isa 30:5; Jer 6:10; Jer 20:8; Jer 42:18; Jer 44:8, Jer 44:12; Jer 49:13; Psa 69:11; Dan 9:16; Dan 12:2; ח ׳נתן ׅ׳(ל Eze 22:4; Joe 2:19; Psa 78:66; לח ׳נתן Jer 24:9; Jer 29:18; Eze 5:14; Jos 2:17; ח ׳שׂים ׳ל Psa 44:14; ח ׳שׂים על 1Sa 11:2.
II. חרף (√ of following; compare Arabic gather fruit, pluck).

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry

Shame73 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0